Nigel Roberts | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | Liverpool, UK |
| Website | http://about.me/nigel.roberts |
Dr Nigel Roberts FIoD FBCS FRSA is a British computer scientist.
Nigel Roberts | |
|---|---|
| | |
| Born | Liverpool, UK |
| Website | http://about.me/nigel.roberts |
Dr Nigel Roberts FIoD FBCS FRSA is a British computer scientist.
Dr Roberts was born in Liverpool and grew up in Lancashire.
Educated at Wigan and Prescot Grammar Schools, he received his first degree in Computer Science from Essex University. In 2008 he was awarded a First in law from the Open University and the College of Law (now known as the University of Law).
Whilst still an undergraduate at Essex, Roberts was one of the group of students who conceived and developed the world's first multi-user computer game (MUD) along with Roy Trubshaw and Richard Bartle. [1]
On 7 June 2022 it was announced that he would be awarded an honorary doctorate by the University of Essex. The degree of Doctor of the University was conferred at the University's commencement ceremony on 18 July 2022. [2] [3]
His first job was with Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) as a software engineer, where (among other projects) he subsequently worked on the pioneering ALL-IN-1 email and office automation system. [4]
In 1996 he founded the Island Networks group of companies, [5] including CHANNELISLES.NET, the registry operator of the .gg and .je top level domains for Guernsey and Jersey. Co-incidentally, in the early 2020s .GG became popular with esports players and gamers. [6]
In 2005 he became the first person in the UK to obtain damages in court in a lawsuit against a sender of unsolicited email. [7] [8] [9]
In 1999, Dr Roberts was one of the original members of the ICANN DNSO Names Council, representing the ccTLD constituency. [10] and has been an active participant at ICANN since its foundation. He was one of the participants in the US Government's International Forum on the White Paper (IFWP) in 1997–1998, which led to ICANN's creation. [11]
He later served as one of three elected councillors representing Europe on ICANN's ccNSO Council, [12] one of the two successor bodies to the Names Council [13] between 2013 and the end of June 2018.
In September 2017 he was proposed to the ICANN board of directors by .pr (Puerto Rico), .ci (Côte d'Ivoire) and .be (Belgium). [14] In the subsequent world-wide poll, he was elected [15] receiving 67% of the vote. [16] [17] He served as a director on the ICANN board between October 2018 and October 2021 [18] [19]
He ran as a Liberal Democrat for the UK Parliament in the Ipswich Constituency in the 1997 General Election [20] and later served as an elected member of the Alderney legislature (the States of Alderney) during 2002–2003.
He was a board director and council member of the Radio Society of Great Britain between 1991 and 1996. [21] He holds the amateur radio callsign GU4IJF. [22] He presents an occasional music programme on Channel Island local FM and DAB radio station QUAY-FM [23] and serves as a director of its owner, not-for-profit Alderney Broadcasting Co. Ltd. Between November 2021 and February 2024 he served on as one of the directors of the Royal Connaught Residential Home, a local Island charity. [24]
He has been a Chartered Fellow of the British Computer Society since 2005. [25]
He was awarded Fellowship of the Royal Society of Arts in 2016 [26] and became a Fellow of the Institute of Directors in 2019. He is a Chartered Engineer, a European Engineer and a Chartered IT Professional. He is a member of the British Computer Society's Fellows' Technical Advisory Group (F-TAG) [27] He is also a member of BAFTA. [28]
The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers is a global multistakeholder group and nonprofit organization head-quartered in the United States responsible for coordinating the maintenance and procedures of several databases related to the namespaces and numerical spaces of the Internet, ensuring the Internet's stable and secure operation. ICANN performs the actual technical maintenance work of the Central Internet Address pools and DNS root zone registries pursuant to the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) function contract. The contract regarding the IANA stewardship functions between ICANN and the National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) of the United States Department of Commerce ended on October 1, 2016, formally transitioning the functions to the global multistakeholder community.
A top-level domain (TLD) is one of the domains at the highest level in the hierarchical Domain Name System of the Internet after the root domain. The top-level domain names are installed in the root zone of the name space. For all domains in lower levels, it is the last part of the domain name, that is, the last non empty label of a fully qualified domain name. For example, in the domain name www.example.com, the top-level domain is .com. Responsibility for management of most top-level domains is delegated to specific organizations by the ICANN, an Internet multi-stakeholder community, which operates the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA), and is in charge of maintaining the DNS root zone.
In the Internet, a domain name is a string that identifies a realm of administrative autonomy, authority or control. Domain names are often used to identify services provided through the Internet, such as websites, email services and more. As of 2017, 330.6 million domain names had been registered. Domain names are used in various networking contexts and for application-specific naming and addressing purposes. In general, a domain name identifies a network domain or an Internet Protocol (IP) resource, such as a personal computer used to access the Internet, or a server computer.
.am is the internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Armenia. The Armenia Network Information Centre is managed by the Internet Society of Armenia and is headquartered in Yerevan.
An internationalized domain name (IDN) is an Internet domain name that contains at least one label displayed in software applications, in whole or in part, in non-Latin script or alphabet or in the Latin alphabet-based characters with diacritics or ligatures. These writing systems are encoded by computers in multibyte Unicode. Internationalized domain names are stored in the Domain Name System (DNS) as ASCII strings using Punycode transcription.
A country code top-level domain (ccTLD) is an Internet top-level domain generally used or reserved for a country, sovereign state, or dependent territory identified with a country code. All ASCII ccTLD identifiers are two letters long, and all two-letter top-level domains are ccTLDs.
On the Internet, .cc is the country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for the Cocos (Keeling) Islands, an Australian territory. It is administered by a United States company, VeriSign, through a subsidiary company, eNIC, which promotes it for international registration as "the next .com". The .cc domain was originally assigned to eNIC in October 1997 by the IANA; eNIC manages the TLD alongside SamsDirect Internet.
Western Sahara is a disputed territory, and as such it has no country code top-level domain (ccTLD). .eh is reserved for this purpose, and will be assigned if the Western Sahara conflict results in an agreement between the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic and Morocco. IANA has not designated a ccTLD manager for the .eh domain.
.je is the country code top-level domain for Jersey. The domain is administered by Island Networks, who also administer the .gg domain for neighbouring territory Guernsey. In 2003, a Google Search website was made available for Jersey, which uses the .je domain.
.yu was the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) that was assigned to SFR Yugoslavia in 1989 and was mainly used by Serbia and Montenegro and its two successor states. After Montenegro and Serbia acquired separate .me and .rs domains in 2007, a transition period started, and the .yu domain finally expired in 2010.
Generic top-level domains (gTLDs) are one of the categories of top-level domains (TLDs) maintained by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) for use in the Domain Name System of the Internet. A top-level domain is the last level of every fully qualified domain name. They are called generic for historical reasons; initially, they were contrasted with country-specific TLDs in RFC 920.
The Canadian Internet Registration Authority (CIRA) is the organization that manages the .ca country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Canada. Its offices are located at 979 Bank Street in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. CIRA sets the policies and agendas that support Canada's internet community and Canada's involvement in international internet governance. It is a member-driven organization with membership open to all that hold a .ca domain. As of March 2023, there were more than 3.3 million active .ca domains.
A sponsored top-level domain (sTLD) is one of the categories of top-level domains (TLDs) maintained by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) for use in the Domain Name System of the Internet, alongside country-code top-level domains (ccTLD) and generic top-level domains (gTLD).
.na is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Namibia corresponding to the two letter code from the ISO-3166 standard.
Domain tasting is the practice of temporarily registering a domain under the five-day Add Grace Period at the beginning of the registration of an ICANN-regulated second-level domain. During this period, a registration must be fully refunded by the domain name registry if cancelled. This was designed to address accidental registrations, but domain tasters have used the practice for illicit purposes.
The Domain Name System of the Internet consists of a set of top-level domains that constitute the root domain of the hierarchical name space and database. In the growth of the Internet, it became desirable to expand the initial set of six generic top-level domains in 1984. As a result, new top-level domain names have been proposed for implementation by ICANN. Such proposals included a variety of models ranging from adoption of policies for unrestricted gTLDs that could be registered by anyone for any purpose, to chartered gTLDs for specialized uses by specialized organizations. In October 2000, ICANN published a list of proposals for top-level domain strings it had received.
Sophia Bekele Eshete is an entrepreneur, corporate executive, governance and risk management specialist, policy advisor on ICT, commentator and philanthropist.
An internationalized country code top-level domain is a top-level domain in the Domain Name System (DNS) of the Internet. IDN ccTLDs are specially encoded domain names that are displayed in an end user application, such as a web browser, in their language-native script or alphabet, such as the Arabic alphabet, or a non-alphabetic writing system, such as Chinese characters. IDN ccTLDs are an application of the internationalized domain name system to top-level Internet domains assigned to countries, or independent geographic regions.
DotConnectAfrica Trust (DCA) is an independent non-profit, non-partisan organization founded in 2006. The organization was incorporated in Mauritius with its main charitable objectives to: (a) for the advancement of education in information technology to the African society and access to internet resources; and (b) in connection with (a) to provide the African society with a continental Internet domain name by sponsoring, establishing, and operating a new Top Level Domain (TLD) ".africa" for purposes of branding Africa on the Internet.
Ajay Data is an Indian entrepreneur with interest in IT, Edible Oil and Handball. He is elected Chair of Universal Acceptance Steering Group (UASG). Data led the creation of one of the world's first linguistic email address mobile apps for Internationalized Domain Names domains. He provided leadership as chair to bring Nepal, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh and Indian language Top level domain (TLD) into root servers. He has been recently credited with Graham Bell Award for this innovation and Pt Deendayal Upadhyay Excellence Award for work in languages and script. ICANN-UASG case study explains and talk about it in detail. He had proposed a standard for downgrading with Alias, which was accepted and recommended as best practice by Universal Acceptance Steering Group. His mobile app provides access email access in 19 languages including Cyrillic, Arabic, Thai, Mandarin, Korean and 15 Indian languages. which is available through DataMail app.
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