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Photovoltaics (PV) is the conversion of light into electricity using semiconducting materials that exhibit the photovoltaic effect, a phenomenon studied in physics, photochemistry, and electrochemistry. The photovoltaic effect is commercially used for electricity generation and as photosensors.
In the 19th century, it was observed that the sunlight striking certain materials generates detectable electric current – the photoelectric effect. This discovery laid the foundation for solar cells. Solar cells have gone on to be used in many applications. They have historically been used in situations where electrical power from the grid was unavailable.
A solar cell or photovoltaic cell is an electronic device that converts the energy of light directly into electricity by means of the photovoltaic effect. It is a form of photoelectric cell, a device whose electrical characteristics vary when exposed to light. Individual solar cell devices are often the electrical building blocks of photovoltaic modules, known colloquially as "solar panels". The common single-junction silicon solar cell can produce a maximum open-circuit voltage of approximately 0.5 to 0.6 volts.
A solar panel is a device that converts sunlight into electricity by using photovoltaic (PV) cells. PV cells are made of materials that produce excited electrons when exposed to light. The electrons flow through a circuit and produce direct current (DC) electricity, which can be used to power various devices or be stored in batteries. Solar panels are also known as solar cell panels, solar electric panels, or PV modules.
Building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) are photovoltaic materials that are used to replace conventional building materials in parts of the building envelope such as the roof, skylights, or façades. They are increasingly being incorporated into the construction of new buildings as a principal or ancillary source of electrical power, although existing buildings may be retrofitted with similar technology. The advantage of integrated photovoltaics over more common non-integrated systems is that the initial cost can be offset by reducing the amount spent on building materials and labor that would normally be used to construct the part of the building that the BIPV modules replace. In addition, BIPV allows for more widespread solar adoption when the building's aesthetics matter and traditional rack-mounted solar panels would disrupt the intended look of the building.
BP Solar was a manufacturer and installer of photovoltaic solar cells headquartered in Madrid, Spain, with production facilities in Frederick, MD, India and the People's Republic of China. It was a subsidiary of BP.
Solar power, also known as solar electricity, is the conversion of energy from sunlight into electricity, either directly using photovoltaics (PV) or indirectly using concentrated solar power. Photovoltaic cells convert light into an electric current using the photovoltaic effect. Concentrated solar power systems use lenses or mirrors and solar tracking systems to focus a large area of sunlight to a hot spot, often to drive a steam turbine.
A photovoltaic system, also PV system or solar power system, is an electric power system designed to supply usable solar power by means of photovoltaics. It consists of an arrangement of several components, including solar panels to absorb and convert sunlight into electricity, a solar inverter to convert the output from direct to alternating current, as well as mounting, cabling, and other electrical accessories to set up a working system. It may also use a solar tracking system to improve the system's overall performance and include an integrated battery.
GreatCell Solar Limited, previously known as Dyesol, was a solar energy company developing perovskite solar cell 3rd generation thin-film solar cell technologies and materials. The company was previously focused on developing dye-sensitized solar cell technology before shifting focus to perovskite solar cells, and has since assisted manufacturing partners with the production of perovskite photovoltaic modules. The company was based in Queanbeyan, Australia and opened its manufacturing and research facilities in October 2008. It expanded to several locations around the world, including the UK and Switzerland, and established joint ventures in South Korea and Singapore.
Thin-film solar cells are made by depositing one or more thin layers of photovoltaic material onto a substrate, such as glass, plastic or metal. Thin-film solar cells are typically a few nanometers (nm) to a few microns (µm) thick–much thinner than the wafers used in conventional crystalline silicon (c-Si) based solar cells, which can be up to 200 µm thick. Thin-film solar cells are commercially used in several technologies, including cadmium telluride (CdTe), copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS), and amorphous thin-film silicon.
Oxford University Innovation Limited (OUI) is a British technology transfer and consultancy company created to manage the research and development (R&D) of University spin-offs. OUI is a wholly owned subsidiary of the University of Oxford, and is located on Botley Road, Oxford, England. OUI was previously known as Isis Innovation (1988–2016) and Oxford University Research and Development Ltd (1987–1988).
A perovskite solar cell (PSC) is a type of solar cell that includes a perovskite-structured compound, most commonly a hybrid organic–inorganic lead or tin halide-based material as the light-harvesting active layer. Perovskite materials, such as methylammonium lead halides and all-inorganic cesium lead halide, are cheap to produce and simple to manufacture.
Henry James Snaith is a professor in physics in the Clarendon Laboratory at the University of Oxford. Research from his group has led to the creation of a new research field, based on halide perovskites for use as solar absorbers. Many individuals who were PhD students and postdoctoral researchers in Snaith's group have now established research groups, independent research portfolios and commercial enterprises. He co-founded Oxford Photovoltaics in 2010 to commercialise perovskite based tandem solar cells.
Laura Maria Herz is a professor of physics at the University of Oxford. She works on femtosecond spectroscopy for the analysis of semiconductor materials.
Meyer Burger Technology AG is an industrial manufacturer of solar cells and solar modules, headquartered in Gwatt, a district of Thun, Switzerland. The company's registered shares are listed on the SIX Swiss Exchange.
There are many practical applications for solar panels or photovoltaics. From the fields of the agricultural industry as a power source for irrigation to its usage in remote health care facilities to refrigerate medical supplies. Other applications include power generation at various scales and attempts to integrate them into homes and public infrastructure. PV modules are used in photovoltaic systems and include a large variety of electrical devices.
Tsutomu Miyasaka, is a Japanese engineer in electrochemistry best known for the inventor of perovskite solar cell.
Nam-Gyu Park is Distinguished Professor and Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU)-Fellow at School of Chemical Engineering, SKKU. His research focuses on high efficiency mesoscopic nanostructured solar cells.
The IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference is the longest running technical conference dedicated to photovoltaics, solar cells, and solar power. The first PVSC was in 1961 at the NASA headquarters in Washington DC. The number of conference areas have expanded and now include PV reliability and solar resource. The conference has also had many diverse and distinguished keynote speakers like Sarah Kurtz who won the conference's William Cherry Award in 2012. PVSC is also where the most notable breakthroughs in PV are often first announced, such as record Solar-cell efficiency, new technologies like perovskite, TOPCon, heterojunction (HJT), and tandem cells, derivation of new algorithms, and discoveries of new phenomena such as Potential-induced degradation and light and elevated temperature induced degradation (LeTID).
References
- 1 2 "Prof Henry Snaith, Co-Founder and Chief Scientific Officer". oxfordpv.com. Archived from the original on 2015-05-22.
- 1 2 "Journey to perovskite solar cell leader - Oxford PV". www.oxfordpv.com.
- 1 2 "Semiconductors Company Overview of Oxford Photovoltaics Limited". bloomberg.com. Bloomberg L.P.
- ↑ "Oxford Photovoltaics Ltd - Perovskite Thin-Film Photovoltaics". pertpv.web.ox.ac.uk.
- ↑ "Solar - Oxford Energy". energy.ox.ac.uk.
- ↑ Anon (2019). "Goldwind backs Oxford PV as part of £31m funding round". businessgreen.com.
- ↑ Anon (2018). "Case study: Oxford Photovoltaics: a shining light in solar cell innovation". gov.uk. Archived from the original on 2018-12-07.
- ↑ "EPSRC Prosperity Partnerships – University of Oxford and Oxford PV". youtube.com. YouTube.
- ↑ "Leaders in perovskite solar technology". oxfordpv.com.
- ↑ Anon (2019). "Oxford Photovoltaics Limited - Officers". beta.companieshouse.gov.uk. London: Companies House. Archived from the original on 2019-04-09.
- ↑ Kumagai, Jean (2009). "Power From Commercial Perovskite Solar Cells Is Coming Soon: Oxford PV's tandem silicon-perovskite solar modules aim to beat the best panels on the market". ieee.org. IEEE Spectrum.
- ↑ "Meyer Burger Major Shareholder of Oxford PV | TaiyangNews" . Retrieved 2020-06-21.
- ↑ Lee, M. M.; Teuscher, J.; Miyasaka, T.; Murakami, T. N.; Snaith, H. J. (2012). "Efficient Hybrid Solar Cells Based on Meso-Superstructured Organometal Halide Perovskites". Science. 338 (6107): 643–647. Bibcode:2012Sci...338..643L. doi: 10.1126/science.1228604 . ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 23042296.
- ↑ Anon (2017). "TR: Wegbereiter". heise.de (in German). Heise Online. Archived from the original on 2019-04-09.
- ↑ "Top most innovative company - Oxford PV". oxfordpv.com.
- ↑ "Oxford Photovoltaics". mtiventures.com. MTI ventures.
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