The Supreme Court of India is the supreme judicial authority and the highest court of the Republic of India. It is the final court of appeal for all civil and criminal cases in India. It also has the power of judicial review. The Supreme Court,which consists of the Chief Justice of India and a maximum of fellow 33 judges,has extensive powers in the form of original,appellate and advisory jurisdictions.
M. Fathima Beevi was an Indian judge who was a justice of the Supreme Court of India. Appointed to the apex Court in 1989,she became the first female judge to be a part of the Supreme Court of India,and the first Muslim woman to be appointed to any of the higher judiciaries in the country. On her retirement from the court,she served as a member of the National Human Rights Commission and later as the Governor of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu from 1997 to 2001. In 2023,she was honoured with Kerala Prabha Award,the second-highest honour given by the Government of Kerala. In the 2024 honours list,she was posthumously awarded the Padma Bhushan.
Adarsh Sein Anand was the 29th Chief Justice of India,serving from 10 October 1998 to 31 October 2001.
Capital punishment in India is a legal penalty for some crimes under the country's main substantive penal legislation,the Indian Penal Code,as well as other laws. Executions are carried out by hanging as the primary method of execution per Section 354(5) of the Criminal Code of Procedure,1973 is "Hanging by the neck until dead",and is imposed only in the 'rarest of cases'.
Yogesh Kumar Sabharwal was the 36th Chief Justice of India.
Konakuppakatil Gopinathan Balakrishnan is an Indian judge who served as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of India and later the chairperson of the National Human Rights Commission of India. He was the first judge from Kerala to become the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. His tenure lasting more than three years has been one of the longest in the Supreme Court of India. While being Chief Justice of Gujarat High Court,he was appointed as the acting governor of Gujarat from 16 January 1999 to 18 March 1999. In 2010,he was conferred with an honorary doctorate by Cochin University of Science and Technology.
The judiciary of India is a system of courts that interpret and apply the law in the Republic of India. India uses a common law system,first introduced by the British East India Company and with influence from other colonial powers and Indian princely states,as well as practices from ancient and medieval times. The Constitution of India provides concept for a single and unified judiciary in India.
Yakub Abdul Razzaq Memon was an Indian terrorist financier convicted of terrorism over his financial involvements in the 1993 Bombay bombings,and the brother of one of the prime suspects in the bombings,Tiger Memon. After his appeals and petitions for clemency were all rejected,he was executed at Nagpur Central Jail on 30 July 2015. Memon financially assisted his brother Tiger Memon and Dawood Ibrahim in planning and executing the bombings. Memon handled Tiger's funds,funded the training of 15 youths who were sent to a secret location to learn handling arms and ammunition,purchased the vehicles used in the bombings,and stockpiled weapons.
Handyala Lakshminarayanaswamy Dattu is a former Chief Justice of India,and the former chairman of the National Human Rights Commission. As the chief justice,he served for nearly 14 months,from 28 September 2014 to 2 December 2015. Before his elevation as a judge of the Supreme Court of India on 17 December 2008;he had served as the Chief Justice of the Kerala High Court and the Chhattisgarh High Court.
Sarosh Homi Kapadia was the 38th Chief Justice of India. He was the first chief justice born in independent India.
Altamas Kabir was an Indian lawyer and judge who served as the 39th Chief Justice of India.
Naina Sahni was the victim of the 1995tandoor murder case. On 2 July 1995,29-year-old Sahni was killed by her husband Sushil Sharma,an Indian National Congress youth leader. Sushil Sharma was convicted for the murder by the Trial Court,Delhi High Court and Supreme Court. In October 2013,Sharma's death penalty was commuted to life imprisonment by the Supreme Court.
Devinder Pal Singh Bhullar is an Indian Terrorist and a former professor. He was convicted by a TADA court in a 1993 Delhi bomb blast case that left nine people dead and injured 31. The Indian supreme court had confirmed his death sentence in a fractured and divided decision. His death sentence has been commuted to life imprisonment by the Supreme Court of India on 31 March 2014.
Vikas Shridhar Sirpurkar is a retired judge of the Supreme Court of India. He was appointed Supreme Court judge on 12 January 2007 and retired on 21 August 2011,completing a four-and-a-half-year tenure.
Jasti Chelameswar is a former judge of the Supreme Court of India. He retired on 22 June 2018 as the second most senior supreme court judge. He previously served as the chief justice of the Kerala High Court from 2010 to 2011 and the Gauhati High Court from 2007 to 2010. He was also one of the four judges who held a controversial press conference against Chief Justice Dipak Misra.
Ranjan Gogoi is an Indian former advocate and judge who served as the 46th Chief Justice of India from 2018 to 2019,having previously served as a Judge of the Supreme Court of India from 2012 to 2018. He is currently a Member of the Rajya Sabha,having been nominated by President Ram Nath Kovind on 16 March 2020. Gogoi served as a judge in the Gauhati High Court from 2001 to 2010,and then was transferred as a judge to the Punjab and Haryana High Court from 2010 to 2011 where he later was the Chief Justice from 2011 to 2012. He is also a member of the Committee on External Affairs in the Rajya Sabha.
Dipak Misra is an Indian jurist who served as the 45th Chief Justice of India from 28 August 2017 till 2 October 2018. He is also former Chief Justice of the Patna High Court and Delhi High Court. He is the nephew of Justice Ranganath Misra,who was the 21st Chief Justice from 1990 to 1991.
Kuttiyil Mathew Joseph is a former judge of the Supreme Court of India;he retired on 16 June 2023. He is former chief justice of the Uttarakhand High Court. Before his appointment as chief justice of the High Court of Uttarakhand on 31 July 2014,he had served as a judge of the Kerala High Court for more than nine years.
The Indian Judicial Collegium system,where existing judges appoint judges to the nation's constitutional courts,has its genesis in,and continued basis resting on,three of its own judgments made by Supreme Court judges,which are collectively known as the Three Judges Cases.
Kallupurackal Thomas Thomas is an Indian former judge who served on the Supreme Court of India and is known for his strong opinions on Indian socio-political matters. He was awarded the Padma Bhushan by the Indian government in 2007 for services in the field of social affairs.
