Panaeolina

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Panaeolina
Panaeolus cinctulus.jpg
Panaeolina cinctulus
Scientific classification
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Panaeolina

Type species
Panaeolina foenisecii (Persoon) Maire

Panaeolina is a small genus of small mushrooms, containing only about four species. They are a subgroup of Panaeolus which have dark brown spores. The type species is Panaeolina foenisecii, a common lawn mushroom. Members of Panaeolina are broadly distributed throughout the world.

Contents

Some members of Panaeolina have been reported to contain the hallucinogen psilocybin, however these results are thought to be false positives. [1]

These fungi are sometimes classified as part of the genus Panaeolus . [2] Like that genus their gills have a cloudy/speckled/mottled appearance due to the way that their spores ripen unevenly in spots, but they are distinguished because the spores are ornamented while those of Panaeolus (in the restricted sense) are smooth. Also their gills are dark brown, instead of black or grey. [3]

P. foenisecii, showing mottled gills, distinctive of Panaeolina, Panaeolus, and Lacrymaria. Panaeolina foensecii 20110625 detail.jpg
P. foenisecii, showing mottled gills, distinctive of Panaeolina, Panaeolus , and Lacrymaria .

Notable species

Related Research Articles

<i>Psilocybe azurescens</i>

Psilocybe azurescens is a species of psychedelic mushroom whose main active compounds are psilocybin and psilocin. It is among the most potent of the tryptamine-bearing mushrooms, containing up to 1.8% psilocybin, 0.5% psilocin, and 0.4% baeocystin by dry weight, averaging to about 1.1% psilocybin and 0.15% psilocin. It belongs to the family Hymenogastraceae in the order Agaricales.

<i>Panaeolus cinctulus</i>

Panaeolus cinctulus, syn. Panaeolus subbalteatus, commonly known as the banded mottlegill, weed Panaeolus or subbs is a very common, widely distributed psilocybin mushroom. According to American naturalist and mycologist David Arora, Panaeolus cinctulus is the most common psilocybin mushroom in California.

<i>Panaeolus</i> Genus of fungi

Panaeolus is a genus of small, black-spored, saprotrophic agarics. The word Panaeolus is Greek for "all variegated", alluding to the spotted gills of the mushrooms produced.

<i>Panaeolus tropicalis</i>

Panaeolus tropicalis is a species of psilocybin producing mushroom in the family Bolbitiaceae. It is also known as Copelandia tropicalis.

<i>Pluteus</i> Genus of fungi

Pluteus is a large genus of fungi with over 300 species. They are wood rotting saprobes with pink spore prints and gills that are free from the stem.

<i>Inocybe aeruginascens</i>

Inocybe aeruginascens is a member of the genus Inocybe which is widely distributed in Europe. The species was first documented by I. Ferencz in Ócsa, Hungary on June 15, 1965.

<i>Panaeolus cyanescens</i>

Panaeolus cyanescens, also known as Copelandia cyanescens, is a mushroom in the Bolbitiaceae family. Panaeolus cyanescens is a potent psilocybin mushroom and is similar to Panaeolus tropicalis.

<i>Panaeolus acuminatus</i> Species of fungus

Panaeolus acuminatus, also known as Panaeolus rickenii is a common little brown mushroom.

<i>Panaeolus olivaceus</i>

Panaeolus olivaceus is a widely distributed, seldom identified, little brown mushroom that contains the hallucinogen psilocybin; it is often mistaken for Panaeolina foenisecii and is distinguished by its black spore print and darker gill coloration when mature alongside a slightly thicker stem. It is even more easily mistaken for Panaeolus cinctulus or Panaeolus fimicola and can be distinguished from them both by its slightly roughened spores. It is also easily confused with Panaeolina castaneifolia, a species which has spores that are dark brown and significantly more roughened.

<i>Panaeolus foenisecii</i> Species of fungus

Panaeolus foenisecii, commonly called the mower's mushroom, haymaker or brown hay mushroom, is a very common and widely distributed little brown mushroom often found on lawns. In 1963 Tyler and Smith found that this mushroom contains serotonin, 5-HTP and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid. In many field guides it is erroneously listed as psychoactive, however the mushroom does not produce any hallucinogenic effects.

<i>Panaeolus papilionaceus</i>

Panaeolus papilionaceus, also known as Agaricus calosus, Panaeolus campanulatus, Panaeolus retirugis, and Panaeolus sphinctrinus, and commonly known as Petticoat mottlegill, is a very common and widely distributed little brown mushroom that feeds on dung.

Psilocybe strictipes is a mushroom that grows on grassy meadows and lawns; It is found throughout the cool temperate and subarctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere and it is most common in Europe, and the Pacific Northwest region of North America. It contains the psychoactive compound psilocybin is closely related to Psilocybe semilanceata and Psilocybe pelliculosa. Psilocybe strictipes is commonly confused with Psilocybe semilanceata and can be differentiated by its lack of a papilla and a convex to subumbonate cap. "Strictipes" comes from the Latin words stricti (narrow) and pes (foot).

<i>Gymnopilus braendlei</i> Species of fungus

Gymnopilus braendlei is a species of agaric fungus that contains the hallucinogens psilocybin and psilocin. It was originally collected by mycologist Charles Horton Peck as Flammula braendlei in the District of Columbia near Washington (1902).

Panaeolus microsporus is a species of mushroom in the Bolbitiaceae family.

Panaeolus moellerianus is a species of mushroom in the Bolbitiaceae family.

Panaeolus rubricaulis is a species of mushroom in the Bolbitiaceae family.

Panaeolus venezolanus is a species of mushroom in the Bolbitiaceae family.

Panaeolus coprinifacies is a species of mushroom in the family Hymenogastraceae.

Galerina steglichii is a mushroom species described by Besl in 1993 and named after Wolfgang Steglich.

Panaeolus lentisporus is a species of psychoactive mushroom belonging to the genus Panaeolus, and classified under the family Bolbiteacea. It is native to Papua New Guinea and some parts of Asia. The fungus was first described by E. Gerhardt in 1996. It is very similar to Panaeolus affinis, and should not be confused with it.

References

  1. John W. Allen & Mark D. Merlin. "Observations Regarding the Suspected Psychoactive Properties of Panaeolus foenisecii Maire" . Retrieved 2012-06-10.
  2. See Mushroom expert page on Panaeolus foenisecii, which gives further references which use both these naming choices.
  3. Courtecuisse, R. & Duhem, B. (1994) "Guide des champignons de France et d'Europe" Delachaux et Niestlé ISBN   2-603-00953-2, also available in English