Phylesha Brown-Acton | |
|---|---|
 Brown-Acton in 2019 | |
| Born | February 1976 (age 47) Niue |
| Nationality | Niuean |
| Citizenship | New Zealand |
| Occupation(s) | Human rights activist; social worker; dancer |
| Honours | New Zealand Order of Merit |
| Website | https://finepasifika.org.nz/ |
Phylesha Brown-Acton MNZM (born February 1976) is a Niuean fakafifine LGBTQ+ rights activist. In 2019, she was appointed a Member of the New Zealand Order of Merit to recognize her work with LGBTQ+ communities from the Pacific countries.
Brown-Acton was born in February 1976 in Niue. [1] [2] [3] Her mother was from Niue and her father from Australia. [3] She has seven siblings. [1] Assigned male at birth, she knew from the age of four that she identified as a girl. [4] At school, Brown-Acton was bullied by both students and teachers; at home her father was violent. [1] Due to her complex home life, she was raised by her great-aunt - her grandfather's sister. [3] When she was fifteen years old she socially transitioned and began to receive hormonal therapy in her 20s. [4]
In her first career, Brown-Acton was a dancer, performing internationally, including at the Venice Biennale. [3] [5] In 2006 she began work for the Pacific Peoples Project at the New Zealand AIDS Foundation as project coordinator; in 2009 she managed their International Development Programme. [6] She has been outspoken about sexual violence that trans people face, including in 2007 when a group of ten men attempted to gang-rape her and the Tongan police reportedly victim-blamed her. [7] She has also been vocal about the discrimination trans people face even obtaining services such as life insurance. [4]
At the 2011 Asia-Pacific Outgames Human Rights Conference, [8] Brown-Acton was the first person to introduce a Pacific specific acronym for western LGBTQ+ communities: MVPFAFF - Mahu, Vakasalewalewa, Palopa, Fa’afafine, Akava’ine, Fakafifine and Fakaleiti/leiti. [3] Whilst the western umbrella term LGBTQ+ is often used try to include Pacific gender identities, Brown-Acton has discussed how MVPFAFF identities are genders with specific cultural distinctions between them. [9] [10] This acronym was later extended to include a plus sign: MVPFAFF+. [11] This academic activism in conference spaces as it disrupts western constructs of Pacific gender identities. [12] She has also spoken openly about the colonial roots of homophobia in many countries in the Pacific. [7]
In 2014, she joined the board of Auckland Pride. [13] The same year she worked at Pacific Islands Safety & Prevention Project Inc. as service support manager. [14]
Brown-Acton is Executive Director of F’ine Pasifika, an LGBTQI+ rights organisation based in New Zealand which she founded in 2015. [7] [6] In 2018, she spoke at the Human Rights Defenders World Summit. [15] [2] She is on the Steering Committee of the Asia Pacific Transgender Network (APTN). [16] Other roles have included as an advisor to the Transgender Health Services Advisory Group, and a trustee of INA Maori. [17] In 2020, she was selected as a member of OutRight International's Beijing+25 Fellowship program. [18]
In the 2019 Queen's Birthday Honours, Brown-Acton was appointed a Member of the New Zealand Order of Merit, for services to the Pacific and LGBTQI+ communities. [6] [19] She is the first Pacific trans woman to be recognised in this way. [18]
Māhū in Native Hawaiian and Tahitian cultures are third gender people with traditional spiritual and social roles within the culture, similar to Tongan fakaleiti and Samoan fa'afafine. Historically the term māhū referred to people assigned male at birth (AMAB), but in modern usage māhū can refer to a variety of genders and sexual orientations.
Faʻafafine are people who identify themselves as having a third gender or non-binary role in Samoa, American Samoa and the Samoan diaspora. A recognised gender identity/gender role in traditional Samoan society, and an integral part of Samoan culture, faʻafafine are observed male at birth, and explicitly embody both masculine and feminine gender traits in a way unique to Polynesia. Their behaviour typically ranges from extravagantly feminine to conventionally masculine.
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Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) persons in Niue face legal challenges not experienced by non-LGBT residents. Male same-sex sexual activity is illegal in Niue, although there is no recent instance of it being actively prosecuted. Same-sex couples and households headed by same-sex couples are not eligible for the same legal protections available to opposite-sex married couples.
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Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) people in Samoa face legal challenges not faced by non-LGBT people. Same-sex sexual acts are illegal, punishable by up to seven years imprisonment, but the law is not enforced.
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Fakafifine are people from Niue, who were born assigned male at birth but who have a feminine gender expression. In Niue this is understood as a third gender, culturally specific to the country.
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