Pisorisporiales

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Pisorisporiales
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Fungi
Division:
Ascomycota
Subdivision:
Pezizomycotina
Class:
Sordariomycetes
Subclass:
PisorisporiomycetidaeBundhun, Maharachch. & K.D. Hyde, Mycosphere 11 (1): 355 (2020) [1]
Order:
PisorisporialesRéblová & J. Fourn., Persoonia 34: 43 (June 2015) [2]
Family:
PisorisporiaceaeRéblová & J. Fourn., Persoonia 34: 43 (June 2015) [2]

Pisorisporiales is an order of fungi within the phylum of Ascomycota and in the class Sordariomycetes and subdivision of Pezizomycotina and also its own subclass Pisorisporiomycetidae . [3] [4]

Contents

It contains the monotypic family Pisorisporiaceae and 2 genera; Achroceratosphaeria (2 species) and Pisorisporium (2 species).

History

A freshwater and terrestrial based fungal genus Achroceratosphaeria was initially placed in Sordariomycetes incertae sedis (Réblová et al. 2010). [5] Then phylogenetic analyses of fungal strains from an aquatic environment, including LSU, SSU and RPB2 sequence data, grouped them in a monophyletic clade with Achroceratosphaeria species (Réblová et al. 2015a). [2] Four specimens of an unidentified fungus were collected on deciduous wood submerged in fresh water in France and Belgium during the years 2006–2014. [2] The new taxa were placed in the novel genus, Pisorisporium and a new family, Pisorisporiaceae was then erected to accommodate genera Pisorisporium and Achroceratosphaeria. This new family Pisorisporiaceae was then placed in a new order of Pisorisporiales based on its distinct taxonomy and phylogeny at the ordinal level (Réblová et al. 2015a). [2] [6] The Pisorisporiales order forms a moderately-supported sister clade with Lulworthiales and Koralionastetales in Lulworthiomycetidae (Hongsanan et al. 2017). [7] So, that meant the order of Pisorisporiales was once considered part of the subclass Lulworthiomycetidae Dayarathne et al. [8] The order was then reported to have a stem age which falls between 250–300 MYA (million years ago), thereby placing it at a subclass level (Hyde et al. 2017a, [9] Hongsanan et al. 2017, [7] ). Therefore Pisorisporiales was raised to the subclass Pisorisporiomycetidae in 2020. [1] Currently, there is one family (Pisorisporiaceae) and two genera (Achroceratosphaeria and Pisorisporium) in this order. [10] [11]

Subclass Pisorisporiomycetidae Bundhun, Maharachch. & K.D. Hyde

General description; Saprobic on submerged wood or driftwood. Sexual morph: Ascomata astromatic, perithecial, solitary or aggregated in small groups, immersed, semi-immersed to superficial and ostiolate. The ostiole is periphysate. The peridium (the outer wall of a sporangium) is 2-layered, leathery to fragile and partly carbonaceous. The paraphyses are abundant, hyaline (transparent or glass-like), persistent. The asci are 8-spored, unitunicate, pedicellate, persistent, with a J+ or J−, apical ring. Ascospores hyaline, multi-septate, often guttulate, lacking any mucilaginous sheath or appendages. The asexual morph was undetermined (as of March 2021). [10]

Description

Members of the Pisorisporiaceae family generally have: Ascomata (the asci-bearing fruiting body) is non-stromatic, immersed to superficial, papillate (has a small, elongated protuberance on the surface) or with a long neck. The venter is subglobose to conical, upright or lying obliquely or horizontally and the neck is central and rarely eccentric. The ostiole is periphysate (having short, thread-like filaments that line the opening). The ascomatal wall is leathery to fragile, partly carbonaceous in the outer layers and pigmented dark brown, opaque to light brown to subhyaline (almost glass-like). It is composed of two layers. The paraphyses (sterile upward-growing, basally-attached hypha in a hymenium) are abundant, persistent and cylindrical in shape. The asci are unitunicate (lidded), inside are 8 spores, with a pronounced amyloid or non-amyloid apical annulus, which is cylindrical-clavate (club-shaped) and persistently attached to the ascogenous hyphae at maturity. The Ascospores are fusiform (spindle-shaped), cylindrical or cymbiform (boat-shaped) and slightly taper towards the ends. They are hyaline, transversely multiseptate (having more than one septum), lacking a mucilaginous sheath or appendages, often with numerous guttules. The Asexual morph is unknown (as of 2015). [2]

Genera

It contains the family Pisorisporiaceae and 2 genera; [12]

Distribution

It has a cosmopolitan distribution across the globe. [15] They have been found in South America, Europe (including France and Belgium, [2] ), Asia (including India, [16] China, [17] Japan, [18] and Thailand, [17] ) Australia and New Zealand, [19] as well as parts of North America, Europe and Africa. [15]

Example include Achroceratosphaeria potamiaRéblová, Fourn. and Hyde which has been found in the Mediterranean Sea in Italy, on a piece of submerged wood of Platanus sp. [20] Also Pisorisporium cymbiforme and Achroceratosphaeria potamia has both been found on decayed woody twigs and branches submerged in freshwater streams in forests in Yunnan Province, China, as well as Satun and Songkhla provinces in Thailand. [17]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sordariomycetes</span> Class of fungi

Sordariomycetes is a class of fungi in the subdivision Pezizomycotina (Ascomycota). It is the second-largest class of Ascomycota, with a worldwide distribution that mostly accommodates terrestrial based taxa, although several can also be found in aquatic habitats. Some are phytopathogens that can cause leaf, stem, and root diseases in a wide variety of hosts, while other genera can cause diseases in arthropods and mammals.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hypocreales</span> Order of fungi

The Hypocreales are an order of fungi within the class Sordariomycetes. In 2008, it was estimated that it contained some 237 genera, and 2647 species in seven families. Since then, a considerable number of further taxa have been identified, including an additional family, the Stachybotryaceae. Wijayawardene et al. in 2020 added more families and genera to the order. According to the Catalog of Life, As of April 2021 the Hypocreales contains 6 families, 137 genera, and 1411 species. Hyde et al. (2020a) listed 14 families under Hypocreales, while, Wijayawardene et al. (2022) accepted 15 families in the order, where Cylindriaceae was additionally added. Earlier, Hyde et al. (2020a) had placed Cylindriaceae in class Xylariomycetidae. Samarakoon et al. (2022) agreed. Hence, Cylindriaceae should have been excluded from Hypocreales and placed in Xylariomycetidae. Xiao et al. (2022) recently introduced a new family Polycephalomycetaceae to Hypocreales.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hypocreomycetidae</span> Subclass of fungi

Hypocreomycetidae is a subclass of sac fungi.

The Halosphaeriaceae are a family of fungi in the Sordariomycetes class, subclass Hypocreomycetidae. Halosphaeriaceae is the family with the largest number of marine fungi with a few species are from freshwater and terrestrial habitats.

The Melanosporales is a former order of fungi within the class Sordariomycetes.

Jobellisia is a genus of fungi within the monotypic family Jobellisiaceae and the monotypic order Jobellisiales and also the subclass Hypocreomycetidae, and class Sordariomycetes. The genus was circumscribed by Margaret Elizabeth Barr-Bigelow in 1993 with Jobellisia luteola as the type species. It contains species that grow on dead wood and bark in tropical and temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere.

The Trichosphaeriales are an order of sac fungi. It is monotypic, and consists of the single family, the Trichosphaeriaceae. In 2017, the family of Trichosphaeriaceae was placed in Diaporthomycetidae families incertae sedis, which was accepted by Wijayawardene et al. (2018), and Wijayawardene et al. 2020. The order of Trichosphaeriales was also unplaced. They are generally saprobic and pathogenic on plants, commonly isolated from herbivore dung.

Tengiomyces is a genus of fungi in the Coronophorales order of the Ascomycota. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the Sordariomycetes class is unknown, and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any family. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Tengiomyces indicus.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Magnaporthales</span> Order of fungi

The Magnaporthales are an order of fungi within the class Sordariomycetes and subclass Diaporthomycetidae. It has several water based species and genera.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Glomerellales</span> Order of fungi

Glomerellales is an order of ascomycetous fungi within the subclass Hypocreomycetidae (Sordariomycetes). The order includes saprobes, endophytes and pathogens on plants, animals and other fungi with representatives found all over the world in varying habitats.

Gliomastix is a genus of fungi belonging to the family Bionectriaceae.

Savoryellomycetidae is a subclass of sac fungi within the class of Sordariomycetes. It contains 4 known orders of Conioscyphales, Fuscosporellales, Pleurotheciales and Savoryellales.

Fuscosporellales is an order of fungi within the phylum of Ascomycota and in the class Sordariomycetes and subdivision of Pezizomycotina.

Savoryellaceae is a family of aquatic based fungi. It is the only family in the monotypic order Savoryellales within the class Sordariomycetes, division Ascomycota.

Savoryella is a genus of freshwater and marine based fungi in the family Savoryellaceae and the order Savoryellales.

Pararamichloridium is a genus of fungi in the monotypic family Pararamichloridiaceae and within the monotypic order of Pararamichloridiales and also in the subclass Hypocreomycetidae. They are saprobic on wood in terrestrial and freshwater habitats.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Torpedosporales</span> Order of fungi

The Torpedosporales are an order of marine based fungi in the class Sordariomycetes, subclass Hypocreomycetidae. Most are found on wood substrates in the water.

Etheirophoraceae is a family of ascomycetous marine based fungi within the order of Torpedosporales in the subclass Hypocreomycetidae and within the class Sordariomycetes. They are saprobic on intertidal wood and bark within marine habitats.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Juncigenaceae</span> Family of fungi

Juncigenaceae is a family of ascomycetous marine based fungi within the order of Torpedosporales in the subclass Hypocreomycetidae and within the class Sordariomycetes. They are saprobic to intertidal wood, within mangrove forests and other herbaceous wood and roots, bark, leaves in various marine habitats.

Torpedosporaceae is a monotypic family of ascomycetous marine based fungi within the order of Torpedosporales in the subclass Hypocreomycetidae and within the class Sordariomycetes. They are saprobic on intertidal mangrove wood and roots, bark leaves, and sand in various marine habitats.

References

  1. 1 2 Hyde, Kevin D.; Norphanphoun, C.; Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N.; Bhat, D.J.; Jones, E.B.G.; Bundhun, D.; Chen, Y.J.; Bao, D.F.; Boonmee, S.; Calabon, M.S.; Chaiwan, N.; Chethana, K.W.T.; Dai, D.Q.; Dayarathne, M.C.; Devadatha, B.; Dissanayake, A.J.; Dissanayake, L.S.; Doilom, M.; Dong, W.; Fan, X.L.; Goonasekara, I.D.; Hongsanan, S.; Huang, S.K.; Jayawardena, R.S.; Jeewon, R.; Karunarathna, A.; Konta, S.; Kumar, V.; Lin, C.G.; Liu, J.K.; Liu, N.G.; Luangsa-ard, J.; Lumyong, S.; Luo, Z.L.; Marasinghe, D.S.; McKenzie, E.H.C.; Niego, A.G.T.; Niranjan, M.; Perera, R.H.; Phukhamsakda, C.; Rathnayaka, A.R.; Samarakoon, M.C.; Samarakoon, S.M.B.C.; Sarma, V.V.; Senanayake, I.C.; Shang, Q.J.; Stadler, M.; Tibpromma, S.; Wanasinghe, D.N.; Wei, D.P.; Wijayawardene, N.N.; Xiao, Y.P.; Yang, J.; Zeng, X.Y.; Zhang, S.N.; Xiang, M.M. (2020). "Refined families of Sordariomycetes". Mycosphere. 11: 305–1059. doi:10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/7. hdl: 10033/622756 . S2CID   219808477.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Réblová, M.; Fournier, J.; Štěpánek, V. (June 2015). "Pisorisporiales, a new order of aquatic and terrestrial fungi for Achroceratosphaeria and Pisorisporium' gen. nov. in the Sordariomycetes". Persoonia. 34: 40–49. doi:10.3767/003158515X685544. PMC   4510270 . PMID   26240444.
  3. ↑ Wijayawardene, Nalin; Hyde, Kevin; Al-Ani, Laith Khalil Tawfeeq; Somayeh, Dolatabadi; Stadler, Marc; Haelewaters, Danny; et al. (2020). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa". Mycosphere. 11: 1060–1456. doi: 10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8 . hdl: 10481/61998 .
  4. ↑ Wijayawardene, N.N.; Hyde, K.D.; Dai, D.Q.; Sánchez-García, M.; Goto, B.T.; Saxena, R.K.; et al. (2022). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa – 2021". Mycosphere. 13 (1): 53–453 [160]. doi: 10.5943/mycosphere/13/1/2 . hdl: 10481/76378 . S2CID   249054641.
  5. 1 2 3 Réblová, M.; Fournier, J.; Hyde, Kevin D. (2010). "Achroceratosphaeria, a new genus for freshwater and terrestrial fungi (Ascomycetes)". Fungal Diversity. 43: 75–84. doi:10.1007/s13225-010-0032-6. S2CID   39191782.
  6. ↑ Maharachchikumbura, Sajeewa S. N.; Hyde, Kevin D.; Jones, E. B. Gareth; McKenzie, E. H. C.; Bhat, Jayarama D.; Dayarathne, Monika C.; Huang, Shi-Ke; Norphanphoun, Chada; Senanayake, Indunil C. (2016-06-03). "Families of Sordariomycetes". Fungal Diversity. 79 (1): 1–317. doi:10.1007/s13225-016-0369-6. ISSN   1560-2745. S2CID   256070646.
  7. 1 2 Hongsanan, S.; Maharachchikumbura, S. S.; Hyde, Kevin D.; Samarakoon, M. C.; Jeewon, R.; Zhao, Q. (2017). "An updated phylogeny of sordariomycetes based on phylogenetic and molecular clock evidence". Fungal Divers. 84: 25–41. doi:10.1007/s13225-017-0384-2. S2CID   256069071.
  8. ↑ "Outline of Freshwater Fungi". freshwaterfungi.org. Retrieved 13 June 2023.
  9. ↑ Hyde, Kevin D.; Norphanphoun, C.; Abreu, V.P.; Bazzicalupo, A.; Thilini Chethana, K.W.; Clericuzio, M.; Dayarathne, M.C.; Dissanayake, A.J.; Ekanayaka, A.H.; He, M.-Q.; Hongsanan, S.; Huang, S.-K.; Jayasiri, S.C.; Jayawardena, R.S.; Karunarathna, A.; Konta, S.; Kušan, I.; Lee, H.; Li, J.; Lin, C.-G.; Liu, N.-G.; Lu, Y.-Z.; Luo, Z.-L.; Manawasinghe, I.S.; Mapook, A.; Perera, R.H. (1 November 2017). "Fungal diversity notes 603–708: taxonomic and phylogenetic notes on genera and species". Fungal Diversity. 87 (1): 1–235. doi:10.1007/s13225-017-0391-3. S2CID   256070995.
  10. 1 2 Chethana, Thilini (2 March 2021). "Pisorisporiomycetidae - Facesoffungi number: FoF 06688". Faces Of Fungi. Retrieved 14 June 2023.
  11. ↑ Gomdola, Deecksha (2 March 2021). "Pisorisporiales - Facesoffungi number: FoF 06530". Faces Of Fungi. Retrieved 11 June 2023.
  12. ↑ Luo, Zong-Long; Hyde, Kevin D.; Liu, Jian-Kui (Jack); Maharachchikumbura, Sajeewa S. N.; Jeewon, Rajesh; Bao, Dan-Feng; Bhat, Darbhe Jayarama; Lin, Chuan-Gen; Li, Wen-Li; Yang, Jing; Liu, Ning-Guo; Lu, Yong-Zhong; Jayawardena, Ruvishika S.; Li, Jun-Fu; Su, Hong-Yan (2019). "Freshwater Sordariomycetes". Fungal Diversity. 99: 451–660. doi: 10.1007/s13225-019-00438-1 . S2CID   207990968.
  13. ↑ "Species Fungorum - Search Page Achroceratosphaeria". www.speciesfungorum.org. Retrieved 14 June 2023.
  14. ↑ "Species Fungorum - Search Page Pisorisporium". www.speciesfungorum.org. Retrieved 14 June 2023.
  15. 1 2 "Pisorisporiales". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 24 April 2023.
  16. ↑ B.D. Borse, K.N. Borse, S.Y. Patil, C.M. Pawara, L.C. Nemade and V.R. Patil Freshwater Higher Fungi of India (2016) , p. 6, at Google Books
  17. 1 2 3 Dong, Wei; Jeewon, Rajesh; Hyde, Kevin D.; Yang, Er-Fu; Zhang, Huang; Yu, Xiandong; Wang, Gennuo; Suwannarach, Nakarin; Doilom, Mingkwan; Dong, Zhangyong (2021). "Five Novel Taxa from Freshwater Habitats and New Taxonomic Insights of Pleurotheciales and Savoryellomycetidae". J. Fungi. 7 (9): 711. doi: 10.3390/jof7090711 . PMC   8470061 . PMID   34575749.
  18. ↑ National Astronomical Observatory of Japan Handbook Of Scientific Tables (2022) , p. 787, at Google Books
  19. ↑ "Pisorisporiales Réblová & J. Fourn. 2014". biotanz.landcareresearch.co.nz. Retrieved 10 April 2023.
  20. ↑ Poli, Anna; Prigione, Valeria; Bovio, Elena; Perugini, Iolanda; Varese, Giovanna Cristina (2021). "Insights on Lulworthiales Inhabiting the Mediterranean Sea and Description of Three Novel Species of the Genus Paralulworthia". J. Fungi. 7 (11): 940. doi: 10.3390/jof7110940 . hdl: 2318/1818452 . PMC   8623521 . PMID   34829227.
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