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Presbyterianism is a Reformed (Calvinist) Protestant tradition named for its form of church government by representative assemblies of elders. Though there are other Reformed churches that are structurally similar, the word Presbyterian is applied to churches that trace their roots to the Church of Scotland or to English Dissenter groups that formed during the English Civil War.
The Presbyterian Church in America (PCA) is the second-largest Presbyterian church body, behind the Presbyterian Church (USA), and the largest conservative Calvinist denomination in the United States. The PCA is Reformed in theology and presbyterian in government.
The Cumberland Presbyterian Church is a Presbyterian denomination spawned by the Second Great Awakening. In 2019, it had 65,087 members and 673 congregations, of which 51 were located outside of the United States. The word Cumberland comes from the Cumberland River valley where the church was founded.
The Laos Mission was founded in Chiang Mai, northern Thailand by the Rev. Daniel McGilvary and Mrs. Sophia McGilvary in April 1867. It was established as a mission of the Board of Foreign Missions, Presbyterian Church in the United States.
The Presbyterian Church of India (PCI) is a mainline Protestant church based in India, with over one and a half million adherents, mostly in Northeast India. It is one of the largest Christian denominations in that region.
The Korean Presbyterian Church in America now Korean Presbyterian Church Abroad is an independent Presbyterian denomination in the United States. It was founded in 1976 as a union of 3 Korean language Presbyteries. The mother church was the Presbyterian Church in Korea (TongHap). The church has close relationship with the PC(USA) and the Korean Christian Church in Japan. In 2004 it had 29,000 members and 263 congregations. According to the recent statistics it has 55,000 members and 302 congregations. Official languages are English and Korean. The church uses the Westminster Confession and the Apostles Creed. Since 2010 it formed an English speaking presbytery. KPCA is a member of the World Communion of Reformed Churches. It is also a member of the National Council of Churches of Christ in the United States of America and the Christian Churches Together in the USA (CCT-USA).
Korean American Presbyterian Church (KAPC) is a conservative Presbyterian denomination in the United States and Canada.
The Presbyterian Church of Korea (TongHap) is a mainline Protestant denomination based in South Korea; it currently has the second largest membership of any Presbyterian denomination in the world. It is affiliated with its daughter denomination, the Korean Presbyterian Church in America (KPCA) in the United States, which adopted the "Korean Presbyterian Church Abroad" as its new name in 2009.
The Reformed Church in Japan is a confessional Calvinist denomination in Japan. It was formerly a member of the World Communion of Reformed Churches, but it chose to suspend its membership.
The International Presbyterian Church (IPC) is a Reformed church in the United Kingdom, the European Union and South Korea, that holds to the Presbyterian confession of faith, with common commitments, purpose and accountability and government.
The Evangelical Presbyterian Church of Iran was a joint effort of American Presbyterian and Congregational missionaries in 1834. First they evangelised the Assyrians and later worked in north-west Iran, in a region called Rezaieh. The missionaries wanted to revitalise the old churches, but their members who converted to Protestantism were forced to leave their old denominations. Various Protestant churches were established. In 1862 the first presbytery was organised, and later more presbyteries were formed. Meanwhile, these Presbyterian missionaries' ministry led to the formation of congregations from Armenian Christian, Muslim, Judaism, and Zoroastrian background. In 1934 the Synod of the Evangelical Church in Iran was formed. In 1963 it adopted the current name. The common language is Persian, Armenian and Assyrian are also used. It has 1,500 members and 7 congregations.
The Union Presbyterian Church in Korea was organised in 1990 when Mok Presbytery was organised. Later it changed its name to YunHap Assembly. In 1992 it was constituted as a church. It has almost 11,000 members and 20 congregations in 2004. The Westminster Confession is generally accepted.
According to a 2021 Gallup Korea poll, 17% of South Koreans identify as Protestant; this is about 8.5 million people. About two-thirds of these are Presbyterians. Presbyterians in South Korea worship in over 100 different Presbyterian denominational churches who trace their history back to the United Presbyterian Assembly.
The Korea Jesus Presbyterian Church was a result in a split within the Presbyterian Church in Korea (Koshin). Kim Suk-Chan wanted to join the Presbyterian Church in Korea (HapDong) with his congregation the MunChan Church. Song San-Shuk respected his decision, but questioned his right to involve the whole congregation. Koshin was divided in this issue. Some felt that the church should not go to court, the General Assembly hesitated. One of the Presbytery suspended relations with the General assembly. This group organised in 1960 a council, in 1967 they opened a high school and in 1969 the Covenant Seminary was formed. Finally in 1975 a new denomination was formed. In 1980 Presbyterian Church in Korea (KayShin) name was adopted. the Leading figure was Lee Byung-Gyu. The Apostles Creed and the Westminster Confession are the official standards. In 2004 it had 21,712 members in 135 congregations in 11 Presbyteries and a General assembly.
The Presbyterian Church in Korea (DongShin) was founded in 1972 as a result of a split in the Presbyterian Church in Korea (DokNoHoe). Two groups in the DokNoHpe opposed each other under the leadership of Kim Chang-Gil and Chung Dae-Shin. The DaeShin grew, but suffered further divisions. Bang-Bo Shin and GaeHyukJeongTong, and Presbyterian Church in Korea (BoSu) also separated. DongShin become a small denomination largely in and around Seoul. The Apostles Creed and Westminster Confession are the generally accepted standards. In 2004 there was 5,264 members and 56 congregations.
The Presbyterian Church in Korea (HapDongSeongHoe) came into existence out of a desire to maintain the unity of the Presbyterian Church in Korea (BoSuHapDong). But a number of concerned pastors formed this denomination in 1987. They want to "gather the members in a holy meeting". The denomination subscribes the Apostles Creed and the Westminster Confession. In 2004 it had 10,013 members in 78 congregations and 64 ordained ministers in 5 Presbyteries.
The origin of the Pure Presbyterian Church in Korea go back to the North. During the Japanese occupation five churches separated from NamHam Presbytery in HamKyungNamDo Province and kept their spirit of martyrdom. The leader was Pastor Lee Gye-Sil. During the Korean War Pastor Lee and hundreds of its follower fled to the South. After liberation they went their own way. They built a church and seminary in GuJae Island. In the same year they unite with Presbyterian Church in Korea (JaeGun), but the union was soon dissolved. and 6 JaeGun congregation stayed with SunJang. In 1956 they founded an independent seminary and the Dukchun Church. Pastor Lee become the president of the seminary. In 1979 it adopted the name SungJang. It subscribes the Apostles Creed and the Westminster Confession. In 2004 it had 12,775 members in 25 congregations and 9 Presbyteries of whom 3 outside Korea.
The Presbyterian Church in Korea (DokNoHoe II) is a Presbyterian denomination in South Korea. Leadership issue went to the split of the Presbyterian Church in Korea (DokNoHoe). The Moderator of the Presbyterian Church in Korea Ahn Mo-Myung went to the United States in 1981 Pastor Chung Nam-Young acted as proxy. The General assembly of the DokNoHoe church elected Rev. Pastor Yoo Yong-Hyun as moderator. Rev. Chung Nam-Young and Rev. Bang Byung-Duk withdrew from DokNoHoe and formed the DokNoHoe II. In 2004 it had 4,000 members and 25 congregations. Women are not ordained. The church subscribes the Apostles Creed and the Westminster Confession.
References
- ↑ "Address data base of Reformed churches and institutions". www.reformiert-online.net. Archived from the original on 28 September 2019. Retrieved 19 May 2021.