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The President and Fellows of Harvard College, also called the Harvard Corporation or just the Corporation, is the smaller and more powerful of Harvard University's two governing boards. It refers to itself as the oldest corporation in the Western Hemisphere. [1] At full capacity, as of 2024, the corporation consists of twelve fellows as well as the president of Harvard University, for a total of thirteen members. [2]
Together with the Board of Overseers, the two boards exercise institutional roles that, at most other colleges and universities, are more commonly consolidated into a single board of trustees. [3]
Although the institution it governs has grown into a university of which Harvard College is one component, the corporation's name remains "The President and Fellows of Harvard College". [4]
The Harvard Corporation is a 501(c)(3) and the owner of all of Harvard University's assets and real property. [5]
As a governing board, the Corporation traditionally functioned as an outside body whose members were not involved in the institution's daily life, meeting instead periodically to consult with the day-to-day head, the President of Harvard University, whom it appoints, and who also serves as a member. The Corporation is self-perpetuating, appointing new members to fill its own vacancies as they arise.
For most of its history, the Corporation consisted of six fellows in addition to the president. But after the presidency of Lawrence Summers from 2001 to 2006, and a large endowment decline after the Great Recession in 2008–2009, a year-long governance review was conducted. In December 2010, it announced that the Corporation's "composition, structure, and practices" would be altered: the number of fellows would increase from six to twelve, with prescribed terms of service, and several new committees would endeavor to improve the group's integration with the activities of the University as a whole, especially its long-term planning. [6]
Starting in 1636, the affairs and funds of Harvard College were managed by a committee of the Great and General Court of Massachusetts. In 1650, at the request of Harvard's first President Henry Dunster, the Great and General Court of Massachusetts issued the body a charter. [7]
The Charter of 1650 established the Harvard Corporation board which consisted of seven members: a President, five Fellows, and a Treasurer. The Corporation had the authority to manage the College's finances, real estate, and donations, act as a legal entity in courts of law, select officers and servants, and create orders and bylaws for the College, with the approval of the Board of Overseers. [8]
The founding members of the Harvard Corporation were respectively: Henry Dunster as President, Samuel Mather, Samuel Danforth, Jonathan Mitchell, Comfort Starr and Samuel Eaton as the five Fellows and Thomas Danforth as the Treasurer. [9] These men had, in perpetual succession, the duties of managing the College.
The 1780 Constitution of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts reaffirmed that, despite the change in government due to the American Revolution, the corporation would continue to "have, hold, use, exercise and enjoy" its property and legal privileges. [10] However it further noted that "nothing herein shall be construed to prevent the legislature of this commonwealth from making such alterations in the government of the said university." [11]
In 1805, the election of Henry Ware as Hollis Professor of Divinity placed the Corporation, then politically Federalist and religiously Unitarian, at odds with Massachusetts politics that was increasingly Democratic-Republican and still Trinitarian.[ clarification needed ] [12]
In December 2023, the Corporation came under scrutiny by the House of Representatives. After a House Committee hearing on antisemitism, House members called for the presidents of Harvard and two other universities to resign. [13] [14] The following month, in January 2024, the House Ways and Means Committee, which has jurisdiction over university tax status and endowments, probed the tax status of Harvard and three other universities, over allegations of inadequate responses to antisemitism. [15] [16]
On May 22, 2024, one day before the annual Harvard Commencement ceremony, the corporation refused to give diplomas to thirteen seniors of Harvard College involved in pro-Palestinian protests, overruling a vote of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences that included the students on the list of graduating students. [17] [18] [19] [20]
As of May 2024, there are currently thirteen members of the Corporation, including the University president, who sets the agenda but does not vote. [21] [22]
Name | Harvard Degree(s) | Year appointed | Occupation |
---|---|---|---|
Alan Garber | AB 1976, AM 1977, PhD 1988 | 2024 [23] | interim President of Harvard University |
Timothy R. Barakett, Treasurer | AB 1987, MBA 1993 | 2019 [24] | former CEO of Atticus Capital |
Kenneth Chenault | JD 1976 | 2014 [25] | former CEO of American Express |
Mariano-Florentino Cuéllar | AB 1993 | 2019 [24] | President of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace and former Justice of the Supreme Court of California |
Paul Finnegan | AB 1975, MBA 1982 | 2012-2024 [26] [27] | co-CEO of Madison Dearborn Partners |
Carolyn Martin | None | 2018 [28] | President Emerita of Amherst College |
Karen Mills | AB 1975, MBA 1977 | 2014 [25] | former Administrator of the U.S. Small Business Administration |
Diana L. Nelson | AB 1985 | 2018 [29] | chair of Carlson Holdings |
Penny Pritzker, Senior Fellow | AB 1981 | 2018 [28] | former United States Secretary of Commerce |
Tracy P. Palandjian | AB 1993, MBA 1997 | 2022 [30] | co-founder and CEO of Social Finance |
Shirley M. Tilghman | LLD 2004 (Honorary) | 2016 [31] | former president of Princeton University |
Ted Wells | JD 1976, MBA 1976 | 2013 [32] | partner at Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison |
Kenneth C. Frazier | JD 1978 | 2024 [33] | former CEO of Merck & Co. |
John Harvard (1607–1638) was an English dissenting minister in colonial New England whose deathbed bequest to the "schoale or colledge" founded two years earlier by the Massachusetts Bay Colony was so gratefully received that it was consequently ordered "that the Colledge agreed upon formerly to be built at Cambridge shalbee called Harvard Colledge." John Harvard was born in Southwark, England. A graduate of Emmanuel College of the University of Cambridge, he emigrated to New England in 1637. Harvard University considers him the most honored of its founders—those whose efforts and contributions in its early days "ensure[d] its permanence"—and a statue in his honor is a prominent feature of Harvard Yard.
The Harvard Crimson is the student newspaper of Harvard University and was founded in 1873. Run entirely by Harvard College undergraduates, it served for many years as the only daily newspaper in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Henry Dunster was an Anglo-American Puritan clergyman and the first president of Harvard College. Brackney says Dunster was "an important precursor" of the Baptist denomination in America, especially regarding infant baptism, soul freedom, religious liberty, congregational governance, and a radical biblicism.
The president of Harvard University is the chief administrator of Harvard University and the ex officio president of the Harvard Corporation. Each is appointed by and is responsible to the other members of that body, who delegate to the president the day-to-day running of the university.
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Dunster House is one of twelve undergraduate residential houses at Harvard University. Built in 1930, it is one of the first two dormitories at Harvard University constructed under President Abbott Lawrence Lowell's House Plan and one of the seven Houses given to Harvard by Edward Harkness. In the early days, room rents varied based on the floor and the size of the room. Dunster was unique among Harvard dormitories for its sixth-story walk-up ; these rooms were originally rented by poorer students, such as Norman Mailer.
The Harvard Faculty of Arts and Sciences (FAS) is the largest of the ten faculties that constitute Harvard University.
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Paul James Finnegan is a Chicago-based investor and philanthropist. In 1992, he co-founded Madison Dearborn Partners and currently serves as the firm's co-CEO. From 2014 to 2023, served as the Treasurer of the Harvard Corporation and the Chair of the Harvard Management Company.
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William F. Lee is an American intellectual property and commercial litigation trial attorney. As co-managing partner of WilmerHale, Lee was the first Asian-American to lead a major American law firm. He is also a Senior Fellow of the Harvard Corporation, the governing board of Harvard University.
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