Punggawa

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Punggawa is a title for a traditional local administrator, used in various parts of Indonesia. On Bali and by extension Lombok, the punggawa held the function of a hereditary vassal lord of a district, subservient to the raja. The term originally applied to the northern kingdom Buleleng, the southern district chiefs being known as manca or manca agung. With the Dutch conquest of Bali in 1906-1908, the term was applied by colonial administration to the entire island. [1] On Sulawesi, too, the term was used for chiefs serving a major lord, in the form pongawa. In Javanese culture the punggawa is a court official in shadow plays (wayang).

Indonesia Republic in Southeast Asia

Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia, between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It is the world's largest island country, with more than seventeen thousand islands, and at 1,904,569 square kilometres, the 14th largest by land area and the 7th largest in combined sea and land area. With over 261 million people, it is the world's 4th most populous country as well as the most populous Muslim-majority country. Java, the world's most populous island, is home to more than half of the country's population.

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Lombok island in West Nusa Tenggara (Nusa Tenggara Barat or NTB) province, Indonesia.

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References

  1. Henk Schulte Nordholt, The Spell of Power; A History of Balinese Politics, 1650-1940. Leiden 1996, pp. 145-6, 219.

Further reading