Saint Hill Manor

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Saint Hill Manor
Saint Hill Manor.jpg
Type Country house
Location Saint Hill Green, East Grinstead
Coordinates 51°6′19.99″N0°01′36.55″W / 51.1055528°N 0.0268194°W / 51.1055528; -0.0268194
OS grid reference TQ 38237 35883
Area West Sussex
Built1792
Architect Benjamin Henry Latrobe (attrib.)
Architectural style(s)Late Georgian
Owner Church of Scientology
Listed Building – Grade II
Official nameSaint Hill Manor
Designated2 August 1972
Reference no. 1249037
West Sussex UK location map.svg
Red pog.svg
Location of Saint Hill Manor in West Sussex

Saint Hill Manor is a Grade II listed country house at Saint Hill Green, near East Grinstead in West Sussex, England. It was constructed in 1792 and had several notable owners before being purchased by L. Ron Hubbard and becoming the British headquarters of the Church of Scientology.

Contents

Early history

Lithograph of Saint Hill House in 1872, before later modifications were made Saint Hill House 1872.png
Lithograph of Saint Hill House in 1872, before later modifications were made

Saint Hill House, as it was originally known, was built in 1792 by Gibbs Crawfurd – Member of Parliament for the rotten borough of Queenborough – to a design attributed to Benjamin Henry Latrobe. The more famous neoclassical architects Robert Adam and his brother John produced their own mixed Gothic and neoclassical design for the house in 1785, apparently to an earlier commission from Crawfurd, but this was never implemented. [1] The new house replaced an earlier building constructed in 1733 by Gibbs' father John, who had purchased the estate in 1715. The earlier Saint Hill House was illustrated in a surviving watercolour by the artist James Lambert. [2]

Prior to the extensive modifications made in the late 19th and 20th centuries, the house comprised a three-storey central block and symmetrical two-storey flanking wings, all with hipped roofs behind parapets. Although the design is attributed to Latrobe, the plans have not survived and the details of his involvement are obscure. [3] Local stonemason Henry Pocock is known to have been involved in the building of the house; Crawfurd presented him with a silver trowel, which still survives, inscribed "to Henry Pocock Saint Hill Aug. 1792". [4]

The house is situated on the Saint Hill Estate, 59 acres (239,000 m2) of landscaped gardens overlooking the hills of the High Weald. A number of archeological artefacts in the immediate area have been attributed to the existence of a small priory or early 17th-century dwelling on the site.[ citation needed ] The placename Saint Hill may mean "singed or burned hill". [5]

The ownership of the house passed in 1793 to Crawfurd's eldest son Charles, and then in 1814 to his grandson Robert. [2] Later owners included Edgar March Crookshank and Mrs. Drexel Biddle, who commissioned the famous Monkey Mural which was painted by John Spencer-Churchill, nephew of Sir Winston Churchill. It was once owned by William Thomas Berger and in the late 1800s served as the headquarters of the China Inland Mission. Hudson Taylor and Berger met there often and it was a centre for training recruits for the mission field.[ citation needed ] During the Second World War it was used as a convalescent home for Royal Air Force officers undergoing reconstructive surgery at East Grinstead's Queen Victoria Hospital. [6]

The estate and a nearby farm were purchased in 1947 by Sawai Man Singh, the Maharaja of Jaipur. [7] Under his ownership, the house became known as Saint Hill Manor. [8]

L. Ron Hubbard purchase

L. Ron Hubbard, the founder of the Scientology organisation, bought the Saint Hill estate from the Maharaja of Jaipur in 1959 for a reported price of £18,000. [9] He lived there with his family until early 1966 before moving abroad, but never returned following the British government's refusal in 1968 to declare him an "undesirable alien". [10] [ clarification needed ]

Under Hubbard's ownership, the house was extensively modified, with a series of extensions and new buildings constructed on the estate during the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s to accommodate the training facilities and attendant administration functions. The largest is a mock-Norman castle built adjacent to the main manor house after 1968 to provide a purpose-built training facility for Scientology followers. The East Grinstead Urban District Council initially refused planning permission. After a public enquiry, however, the Church of Scientology was granted permission to go ahead with the construction of "Saint Hill Castle". [11]

Saint Hill Manor served as Hubbard's organisational headquarters until 1967. It was inaugurated in 1955 and was the site where Hubbard “announced Scientology milestones emerging from his research.” It was also the site of the organisation's first Distribution Centre, which was operative for the organisation's missionary outreach. [12]

In August 1972, Saint Hill Manor was Grade II listed on the National Heritage List for England. [13]

2015 renovations

The Church of Scientology's renovations on the Saint Hill Manor were completed in the summer of 2015 and are reported to have cost a total of US$16 million. The organisation claims that they are preserving it as a “historic monument.” Its leader David Miscavige and Scientologist actor Tom Cruise donated $10,000 to cover the local rugby team's costs and invited team director Phil Major to an annual gala when their activities were disrupted for six months because of the renovations. [14] Saint Hill Manor is now a museum that features the works of L. Ron Hubbard, and exhibits about what the Scientology organisation claims are his accomplishments. [15]

Following the completion of the renovations, the Church of Scientology purchased seven brand new 29-seater ADL Enviro200 midibuses to transport the 400 staff members between the manor and the town of Crowborough, 14 miles (23 km) away. [16]

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References

  1. ↑ King, D. (2013). Complete Works of Robert and James Adam and Unbuilt Adam. Taylor & Francis. ISBN   978-1-135-14249-0 . Retrieved 3 January 2024.
  2. 1 2 "Saint Hill House, Sussex, for Gibbs Crawfurd, variant designs for a house, 1785, unexecuted (13)". collections.soane.org. Retrieved 3 January 2024.
  3. ↑ Fazio, M.W.; Latrobe, B.H.; Snadon, P.A. (2006). The Domestic Architecture of Benjamin Henry Latrobe. Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 592. ISBN   978-0-8018-8104-6 . Retrieved 3 January 2024.
  4. ↑ "The Bulletin of the East Grinstead Society" (PDF). No. 96. East Grinstead Society. Winter 2008–09. p. 12.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: date format (link)
  5. ↑ "Saint Hill – Survey of English Place-Names". English Place-Name Society. Retrieved 3 January 2024.
  6. ↑ Dennison, E.J. (1963). A Cottage Hospital Grows Up: The Story of the Queen Victoria Hospital, East Grinstead. Anthony Blond. p. 105. Retrieved 3 January 2024.
  7. ↑ "Fashionable and Personal". Kent & Sussex Courier. 5 September 1947.
  8. ↑ "Results for 'Saint Hill Manor'". British Newspaper Archive. Retrieved 5 January 2024.
  9. ↑ Dale, Michael (20 March 1960). "£36 for a box of rubbish". The People.
  10. ↑ Urban, H.B. (2013). The Church of Scientology: A History of a New Religion. Princeton University Press. p. 123. ISBN   978-0-691-15805-1 . Retrieved 6 January 2024.
  11. ↑ Rolph, C.H. (1973). Believe What You Like: What Happened Between the Scientologists and the National Association for Mental Health . Andre Deutsch Limited. Chapter 6: Scientologists and the Law I . ISBN   0-233-96375-8.
  12. ↑ Lewis, J. (2017). Lewis, James R.; Hellesoy, Kjersti (eds.). Handbook of Scientology. Vol. Brill Handbooks on Contemporary Religion. Brill. ISBN   9789004330542.
  13. ↑ Historic England, "Saint Hill Manor (1249037)", National Heritage List for England , retrieved 26 October 2017
  14. ↑ Finnigan, Lexi (7 April 2016). "Tom Cruise moving into Scientology UK headquarters". The Telegraph. Retrieved 16 April 2016.
  15. ↑ Lewis, J. (2017). Lewis, James R.; Hellesoy, Kjersti (eds.). Handbook of Scientology. Vol. Brill Handbooks on Contemporary Religion. Brill. ISBN   9789004330542.
  16. ↑ "Seven new Enviro200s for Church of Scientology | Alexander Dennis".
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