Second Battle of Pocotaligo

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Second Battle of Pocotaligo
Part of the American Civil War
Route of the Expedition, Oct. 22nd, 1862, with the Battle grounds of Pocotaligo ^amp, Coosawhatchie. Prepared form... - NARA - 305618.jpg
Map of the battle and route of the expedition
DateOctober 22, 1862 (1862-10-22)
Location 32°38′13″N80°51′48″W / 32.63694°N 80.86333°W / 32.63694; -80.86333
Result Confederate victory
Belligerents
Flag of the United States (1861-1863).svg United States (Union) Flag of the Confederate States of America (1861-1863).svg CSA (Confederacy)
Commanders and leaders
Brigadier General John M. Brannan Colonel William S. Walker
Stephen Elliott Jr.
Units involved
X Corps Beaufort District, Department of South Carolina
Strength
4,500 [1] 2,000 [1] With additional reinforcements from Charleston [2]
Casualties and losses
43 killed
294 wounded
3 missing [3] [4] [5]
21 killed
124 wounded
18 missing [3] [4] [5]

The Second Battle of Pocotaligo, or Battle of Pocotaligo Bridge, or Battle of Yemassee, often referred to as simply the Battle of Pocotaligo, took place during the American Civil War on October 22, 1862 near Yemassee, South Carolina. [6] [7]

Contents

The primary Union objective was to sever the Charleston and Savannah Railroad in order to isolate Charleston, South Carolina and disrupt the transportation of Confederate troops and supplies to, from and through the state.

Order of battle

Confederate

Commanding: Colonel William Stephen Walker

Initial force:

Reinforcements from Charleston

Reinforcements from Grahamville

Union

Commanding: Brig. Gen. John M. Brannan

1st Brigade: Col. John Lyman Chatfield (w) and Col. Tilghman H. Good [8] [9]

2nd Brigade: Brig. Gen. Alfred Terry

Engineers

Cavalry

Artillery

Battle

On October 21, 1862, a 4200-man Union force, under the command of Brigadier General John M. Brannan, embarked on troop transport ships and left from Hilton Head, South Carolina. Brannan's orders were "to destroy the railroad and railroad bridges on the Charleston and Savannah line." [3] Under protection of a Naval Squadron, they steamed up the Broad River, and disembarked the next morning at Mackey Point (between the Pocotaligo and Coosawhatchie Rivers), less than ten miles from the railroad. [1] The 47th and 55th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiments, [10] under Colonel Tilghman H. Good's command, began the march toward Pocotaligo. [11] A smaller detachment of 300 men – two companies of engineers and the 48th New York regiment was ordered up the Coosawhatchie River to destroy the bridge at Coosawhatchie and then tear up the rails as they advanced on Pocotaligo. [1] [3]

Historical marker, Battle of Pocotaligo, Point South Drive (the frontage road along northbound US 17) west of the northeastern terminus at Yemassee Road in Point South, South Carolina SC HM Battle of Pocotaligo-2.jpg
Historical marker, Battle of Pocotaligo, Point South Drive (the frontage road along northbound US 17) west of the northeastern terminus at Yemassee Road in Point South, South Carolina

Colonel William S. Walker, the Confederate commander responsible for defending the railroad, called for reinforcement from Savannah and Charleston. He deployed his available forces to counter the two Union advances, sending 200 of his men to guard the bridges, and dispatching the Beaufort Volunteer Artillery (CS), along with two companies of cavalry and some sharpshooters in support, to meet the main Union advance on the Mackey Point road. The Confederates encountered Brannan's Division near the abandoned Caston's Plantation and the artillery opened fire with their two howitzers. The Confederates retreated when the Union artillery responded. [1] [3]

With Brannan in pursuit, Walker's men slowly withdrew, falling back to their defensive fieldworks at Pocotaligo. The Union troops encountered the Confederates on the opposite side of a muddy marsh, and their advance stalled. Brigadier General Alfred Terry, in command of the Second Brigade, ordered the nearly 100 Sharps rifleman of the 7th Connecticut Infantry forward to the edge of the woods where the Union forces had taken cover. The rapid fire of the repeating rifles quickly suppressed the fire from the Confederate battery and associated infantry across the marsh, and they were soon ordered to cease firing to preserve ammunition. [12] The opposing forces blazed away with cannon and musket fire at intervals for more than two hours, until Confederate reinforcements arrived. [3] [11] By then it was late in the day, and the Union troops were running low on ammunition.

Aftermath

As dusk descended, Brannan realized that the railroad bridge could not be reached, and ordered a retreat up the Mackay's Point road to the safety of the flotilla. The Confederate Rutledge Mounted Rifles and Kirk's Partisan Rangers pursued, but the 47th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment Union rearguard held them off. [3] [13] Brannan's troops reembarked at Mackay's Point the next morning and returned to Hilton Head. [12]

Several of the Union Army regiments participating in this battle sustained a significant number of casualties, many of whom were treated at the Union Army's post hospital at Hilton Head. [14] [15]

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References

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