Sons and Lovers (film)

Last updated

Sons and Lovers
Sons and Lovers poster.jpg
film poster
Directed by Jack Cardiff
Written by Gavin Lambert
T. E. B. Clarke
Based on Sons and Lovers
by D. H. Lawrence
Produced by Jerry Wald
Starring Trevor Howard
Dean Stockwell
Wendy Hiller
Mary Ure
Heather Sears
Cinematography Freddie Francis
Edited byGordon Pilkington
Music by Mario Nascimbene
Production
company
Jerry Wald Productions
Distributed by 20th Century Fox
Release dates
  • 14 May 1960 (1960-05-14)(Cannes)
  • 23 June 1960 (1960-06-23)(U.K.)
Running time
103 minutes
CountryUnited Kingdom
LanguageEnglish
Budget$805,000 [1]
Box office$1,500,000 (US/Canada rentals) [2]
$800,000 (UK rental) [3]

Sons and Lovers is a 1960 British period drama film directed by Jack Cardiff and adapted by Gavin Lambert and T. E. B. Clarke on the semi-autobiographical 1913 novel of the same name by D. H. Lawrence. It stars Trevor Howard, Dean Stockwell, Wendy Hiller, Mary Ure and Heather Sears.

Contents

Set and filmed in the East Midlands of England, the film centres on a young man (Stockwell) with artistic talent who lives in a close-knit coal-mining town during the early 20th century, and finds himself inhibited by his emotionally manipulative, domineering mother (Hiller)—a literary, psychological interpretation of the Oedipus story.

Premiering at the 1960 Cannes Film Festival, the film was well-received by critics and a commercial success. It was nominated for seven Academy Awards (at the 1961 ceremony), including Best Picture, Best Director, Best Actor (for Howard), Best Supporting Actress (for Ure), Best Adapted Screenplay and Best Art Direction – Black-and-White, and won Best Cinematography – Black-and-White. Jack Cardiff won the Golden Globe Award for Best Director and the National Board of Review Award for Best Director.

Plot

East Midlands housewife Gertrude Morel, miserable in her marriage, puts her hope into her son, Paul, who has the talent and ambition to become an artist, a desire that is mocked by his father, Walter, a miner who drinks heavily and sometimes shows his bitterness in violent ways. Paul finds his own desires to escape to a different life sidetracked by his mother's possessiveness but also by local girl Miriam Leivers, with whom he has an intellectual relationship that he desires to become physical. Miriam, however, suffers from her own mother's religious influence, viewing sex as sinful and dirty.

Paul's youngest brother, Arthur, dies in a mining accident, while older brother William flees to London. When William later returns for a visit, he is accompanied by his new wife, a pretty and more affluent young lady who lacks literate romanticism or Gertrude's passionate sense. When a sketch of Paul's is exhibited in Nottingham, a wealthy art patron criticizes the work but later comes to the Morel house to offer support because he recognized Paul's potential as an artist. Paul's desires are frustrated again, though, when Miriam rejects his physical advances and a violent confrontation between his parents convinces him that he is needed for his mother's financial support.

Paul takes a job in a factory, where he becomes enchanted with "liberated" feminist co-worker, Mrs. Clara Dawes, who is married, but separated. Nonetheless, he continues seeing Miriam, who finally agrees to have sex with him, which he comes to regret for making her do something that she so disliked. Paul and Clara eventually begin a passionate affair, but it is now Paul who does not feel that he can totally commit himself to her, in large part due to his mother's emotional hold on him. Clara's husband threatens and later beats Paul, who returns home to his mother. She has slipped into a morose depression due to Paul's growing distance from her, and she later becomes seriously ill, something that has been hinted at in her behavior for some time. Clara rejects Paul for his lack of emotional connection to her, but she confirms her own continuing feelings for her husband when he suffers an accident and she returns to him.

Paul and his father come to a kind of reconciliation as Gertrude lies dying. After her death Walter tells his grieving son that he must find his own path in life. Meeting Miriam one last time, he tells her that he is leaving. She suggests that they marry so that she can support him, but Paul rejects her proposal of marriage, telling her that he intends to live the rest of his life without any serious relationship with another woman.

Cast

Production

Development

American producer Jerry Wald had purchased the film rights to D. H. Lawrence's novel in the 1950s, intending to produce the film in the United States, with Montgomery Clift as Paul Morel and Marilyn Monroe as one of his girlfriends. [4]

When Clift's casting fell through, Wald approached James Dean, but Dean's death put the project on hold for several years, after which Wald decided the film would be better served produced in the UK.

Casting

Dean Stockwell, whose performance was the most heavily criticised in reviews, was given the role of Paul at the insistence of producer Jerry Wald, who hoped that an American in the cast would increase the film's box-office appeal in the United States. [5]

The part of Clara Dawes was offered to Joan Collins, but she turned it down. Her then-fiance Warren Beatty did not want her to do it and thought the script was "crap". The part went finally to Mary Ure, who was nominated for Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. [6]

Filming

Location shooting took place near Nottingham in the East Midlands, very close to where Lawrence himself grew up. Interiors were at Pinewood Studios in Buckinghamshire.

Freddie Francis says he was hired to shoot the film off the back of Room at the Top. [7]

Reception

Box office

By January 1961, the film had earned $1,500,000 in box office rentals from the United States and Canada and $800,000 in the United Kingdom. [2] [3] Kine Weekly called it a "money maker" at the British box office in 1960. [8]

The film was also entered into the 1960 Cannes Film Festival. [9] [10]

Critical reaction

Bosley Crowther of The New York Times wrote: "Sons and Lovers is sensitively felt and photographed in Jerry Wald's British-made film version of [Lawrence's novel] ... An excellent cast of British actors (and one American) play it well. And Jack Cardiff, camera man turned director, has filled it with picture poetry." [11]

Variety described the film as "a well-made and conscientious adaptation of the D. H. Lawrence's famed novel, smoothly directed by Jack Cardiff and superbly acted by a notable cast." The review particularly singled Trevor Howard for "giving a moving and wholly believable study of a man equally capable of tenderness as he is of being tough." [12]

Harrison's Reports wrote: "Prizeworthy performances are rendered by all, especially Trevor Howard as a humorous, drunken miner; Wendy Hiller as his wife; Dean Stockwell as the sensitive son; Heather Sears and Mary Ure as friends of Stockwell. Direction is outstanding; photography [is] fine." [13]

Accolades

AwardCategoryNominee(s)ResultRef.
Academy Awards Best Motion Picture Jerry Wald Nominated [14]
Best Director Jack Cardiff Nominated
Best Actor Trevor Howard Nominated
Best Supporting Actress Mary Ure Nominated
Best Screenplay – Based on Material from Another Medium Gavin Lambert and T. E. B. Clarke Nominated
Best Art Direction – Black-and-White Art Direction: Thomas N. Morahan;
Set Decoration: Lionel Couch
Nominated
Best Cinematography – Black-and-White Freddie Francis Won
British Academy Film Awards Best British Actress Wendy Hiller Nominated [15]
British Society of Cinematographers Best Cinematography in a Theatrical Feature FilmFreddie FrancisWon [16]
Cannes Film Festival Palme d'Or Jack CardiffNominated [17]
Directors Guild of America Awards Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Motion Pictures Nominated [18]
Golden Globe Awards Best Motion Picture – Drama Nominated [19]
Best Director – Motion Picture Jack CardiffWon
Best Actor in a Motion Picture – Drama Trevor HowardNominated
Dean Stockwell Nominated
Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture Mary UreNominated
National Board of Review Awards Top 10 Films Won [20]
Best Film Won
Best Director Jack CardiffWon
New York Film Critics Circle Awards Best Film Won [lower-alpha 1] [21]
Best Director Jack CardiffWon [lower-alpha 2]
Best Actor Trevor HowardNominated
Best Screenplay Gavin Lambert and T. E. B. ClarkeNominated
Writers Guild of America Awards Best Written American Drama Nominated [22]

Notes

Related Research Articles

<i>Room at the Top</i> (1959 film) 1959 film by Jack Clayton

Room at the Top is a 1959 British drama film based on the 1957 novel of the same name by John Braine. It was adapted by Neil Paterson, directed by Jack Clayton, and produced by John and James Woolf. The film stars Laurence Harvey, Simone Signoret, Heather Sears, Donald Wolfit, Donald Houston, and Hermione Baddeley.

<i>Sons and Lovers</i> 1913 novel by DH Lawrence

Sons and Lovers is a 1913 novel by the English writer D. H. Lawrence. It traces emotional conflicts through the protagonist, Paul Morel, and his suffocating relationships with a demanding mother and two very different lovers, which exert complex influences on the development of his manhood. The novel was originally published by Gerald Duckworth and Company Ltd., London, and Mitchell Kennerley Publishers, New York. While the novel initially received a lukewarm critical reception, along with allegations of obscenity, it is today regarded as a masterpiece by many critics and is often regarded as Lawrence's finest achievement. It tells us more about Lawrence's life and his phases, as his first was when he lost his mother in 1910 to whom he was particularly attached. And it was from then that he met Frieda Richthofen, and around this time that he began conceiving his two other great novels, The Rainbow and Women in Love, which had more sexual emphasis and maturity.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Montgomery Clift</span> American actor (1920–1966)

Edward Montgomery Clift was an American actor. A four-time Academy Award nominee, he was known for his portrayal of "moody, sensitive young men", according to The New York Times.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Anouk Aimée</span> French actress (born 1932)

Nicole Françoise Florence Dreyfus, known professionally as Anouk Aimée or Anouk, is a French film actress who has appeared in 70 films since 1947, having begun her film career at age 14. In her early years, she studied acting and dance besides her regular education. Although the majority of her films were French, she also made films in Spain, Great Britain, Italy and Germany, along with some American productions.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Trevor Howard</span> English actor (1913–1988)

Trevor Wallace Howard-Smith was an English stage, film, and television actor. After varied work in the theatre, he achieved star status with his role in the film Brief Encounter (1945), followed by The Third Man (1949).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Marcello Mastroianni</span> Italian actor (1924–1996)

Marcello Vincenzo Domenico Mastroianni was an Italian film actor, regarded as one of his country's most iconic male performers of the 20th century. He played leading roles for many of Italy's top directors in a career spanning 147 films between 1939 and 1997, and garnered many international honours including 2 BAFTA Awards, 2 Best Actor awards at the Venice and Cannes film festivals, 2 Golden Globes, and 3 Academy Award nominations.

<i>Paris, Texas</i> (film) 1984 film by Wim Wenders

Paris, Texas is a 1984 drama road film directed by Wim Wenders, co-written by Sam Shepard and L. M. Kit Carson, and produced by Don Guest. It stars Harry Dean Stanton, Nastassja Kinski, Dean Stockwell, Aurore Clément, and Hunter Carson. In the film, disheveled recluse Travis Henderson (Stanton) reunites with his brother Walt (Stockwell) and son Hunter (Carson). Travis and Hunter embark on a trip through the American Southwest to track down Travis's missing wife, Jane (Kinski).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dean Stockwell</span> American actor (1936–2021)

Robert Dean Stockwell was an American actor with a career spanning seven decades. As a child actor under contract to Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, he first came to the public's attention in films including Anchors Aweigh (1945), Song of the Thin Man (1947), The Green Years (1946), Gentleman's Agreement (1947), The Boy with Green Hair (1948), and Kim (1950). As a young adult, he had a lead role in the 1957 Broadway and 1959 screen adaptation of Compulsion; and in 1962 he played Edmund Tyrone in the film version of Long Day's Journey into Night, for which he won two Best Actor Awards at the Cannes Film Festival. He was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama for his starring role in the 1960 film version of D. H. Lawrence's Sons and Lovers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jerry Wald</span> American screenwriter and producer (1911–1962)

Jerome Irving Wald was an American screenwriter and a producer of films and radio programs.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jack Cardiff</span> British cinematographer, director and photographer (1914–2009)

Jack Cardiff, was a British cinematographer, film and television director, and photographer. His career spanned the development of cinema, from silent film, through early experiments in Technicolor, to filmmaking more than half a century later.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mary Ure</span> British actress

Eileen Mary Ure was a British actress. She was the second Scottish-born actress to be nominated for an Academy Award, for her role in the 1960 film Sons and Lovers.

<i>Terminal Station</i> (film) 1954 film by Vittorio De Sica

Terminal Station is a 1953 romantic drama film directed and produced by Vittorio De Sica and starring Jennifer Jones, Montgomery Clift, and Richard Beymer in his debut role. It tells the story of the love affair between a married American woman and an Italian intellectual. The title refers to the Roma Termini railway station in Rome, where the film takes place. The film was entered into the 1953 Cannes Film Festival.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Heather Sears</span> British actress (1935–1994)

Heather Christine Sears was a British stage and screen actress.

The 18th Golden Globe Awards, honoring the best in film for 1960, were held on March 16, 1961.

<i>Under the Yum Yum Tree</i> 1963 film by David Swift

Under the Yum Yum Tree is a 1963 American sex comedy film directed by David Swift and starring Jack Lemmon, Carol Lynley, Dean Jones, and Edie Adams, with Imogene Coca, Paul Lynde, and Robert Lansing in supporting roles. The film received two Golden Globe Award nominations in 1964: Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy and Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy for Lemmon.

<i>The Glass Menagerie</i> (1950 film) 1950 film

The Glass Menagerie is a 1950 American drama film directed by Irving Rapper. The screenplay by Tennessee Williams and Peter Berneis is based on the 1944 Williams play of the same title. It was the first of his plays to be adapted for the screen.

<i>Return to Peyton Place</i> (film) 1961 film by José Ferrer

Return to Peyton Place is a 1961 American drama film in color by De Luxe and CinemaScope, produced by Jerry Wald, directed by José Ferrer, and starring Carol Lynley, Tuesday Weld, Jeff Chandler, Eleanor Parker, Mary Astor, and Robert Sterling. The screenplay by Ronald Alexander is based on the 1959 novel Return to Peyton Place by Grace Metalious. The film was distributed by 20th Century Fox and is a sequel to their earlier film Peyton Place (1957).

<i>Max Rose</i> (film) 2016 film by Daniel Noah

Max Rose is a 2016 American drama film written and directed by Daniel Noah, and distributed by Paladin Films. The film stars Jerry Lewis, Kevin Pollak, Kerry Bishé, Claire Bloom and Dean Stockwell. Its story follows a jazz pianist who suspects that his wife of 65 years may have been unfaithful.

References

  1. Solomon, Aubrey (1989). Twentieth Century Fox: A Corporate and Financial History. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press. p. 252. ISBN   978-0-8108-4244-1.
  2. 1 2 "Rental Potentials of 1960". Variety . 4 January 1961. p. 47 via Internet Archive.
  3. 1 2 "'Sons & Lovers' Does Well". Variety . New York. 2 August 1961. p. 2.
  4. Pryor, Thomas M. (18 April 1955). "CLIFT TAKES ROLE IN COLUMBIA FILM; Will Portray Paul Morel in Adaptation of Lawrence's Novel, 'Sons and Lovers'". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved 30 April 2023.
  5. "Sons and Lovers (1960: Trivia". Internet Movie Database. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  6. Dame Joan Collins on Jackie, #MeToo, & 'American Horror Story', Interview with Larry King. Archived from the original on 21 December 2021. Retrieved 8 May 2021 via YouTube.
  7. "Interview with Freddie Francis". British Entertainment History Project. 1993–1994.
  8. Billings, Josh (15 December 1960). "It's Britain 1, 2, 3 again in the 1960 box office stakes". Kine Weekly. p. 9.
  9. "Festival de Cannes: Sons and Lovers". Cannes Film Festival. Retrieved 19 February 2009.
  10. Crowther, Bosley (22 May 1960). "Cannes Carnival" . The New York Times. p. D1. Retrieved 24 August 2021.
  11. Crowther, Bosley (3 August 1960). "Screen: Tepid Passions". The New York Times.
  12. "Film Reviews: Sons and Lovers". Variety. 25 May 1960. p. 6. Retrieved 24 August 2021 via Internet Archive.
  13. "'Sons and Lovers' with Trevor Howard, Dean Stockwell, Mary Hiller, Mary Ure and Heather Sears". Harrison's Reports. 9 July 1960. Retrieved 24 August 2021 via Internet Archive.
  14. "The 33rd Academy Awards (1961) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences . Retrieved 4 May 2015.
  15. "BAFTA Awards: Film in 1961". British Academy Film Awards. Retrieved 29 September 2023.
  16. "Best Cinematography in a Theatrical Feature Film" (PDF). Retrieved 29 September 2023.
  17. "SONS AND LOVERS". Cannes Film Festival. Retrieved 29 September 2023.
  18. "13th DGA Awards". Directors Guild of America Awards. Retrieved 29 September 2023.
  19. "Sons and Lovers". Golden Globe Awards. Retrieved 29 September 2023.
  20. "1960 Award Winners". National Board of Review. Retrieved 29 September 2023.
  21. "1960 New York Film Critics Circle Awards". New York Film Critics Circle. Retrieved 29 September 2023.
  22. "Awards Winners". Writers Guild of America Awards. Archived from the original on 5 December 2012. Retrieved 6 June 2010.