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Ambazonia, officially the Federal Republic of Ambazonia and commonly referred to as Amba Land, is a self-declared state, internationally considered to be an autonomous region of Cameroon, which regards itself as the successor state to former British Mandate territory of Southern Cameroons. Ambazonia is situated at the western periphery of Cameroon, where it borders Nigeria in a northern angle, the Bight of Bonny to the southwest, and the remainder of Cameroon to the east. Its claimed territory and population constitutes an area of 42,710 km square kilometres populated by roughly three and a half million people.
Ayaba Cho Lucas is an Anglophone Cameroonian activist. He is the former Secretary General of the Southern Cameroons Youth League (SCYL) and is the current leader of Ambazonia Governing Council, a separatist organization in Southern Cameroons.
Ayaba was expelled from the University of Buea in 1993 because he had led a one-man demonstration against tuition increases; he has been in exile from Cameroon since then. He eventually ended up in Norway, where he studied human rights and development at the Norwegian University of Life Sciences, and from where he has based his activism ever since. In January 2017, Ayaba was allegedly targeted for assassination in Brussels, Belgium.
The Anglophone Crisis, also known as the Ambazonia War, or the Cameroonian Civil War, is a conflict in the Southern Cameroons region of Cameroon, part of the long-standing Anglophone problem. In September 2017, separatists in the Anglophone territories of Northwest Region and Southwest Region declared the independence of Ambazonia and began fighting against the Government of Cameroon. Starting as a low-scale insurgency, the conflict spread to most parts of the Anglophone regions within a year. By the summer of 2019, the government controlled the major cities and parts of the countryside, while the separatists held parts of the countryside and regularly appeared in the major cities.
The Ambazonia Defence Forces (ADF) are a military organization that fights for the independence of Ambazonia, a self-declared independent state in the Anglophone region of Southern Cameroons, Cameroon. It was formally established by the Ambazonia Governing Council (AGovC) on 9 September 2017, the same day as the organization declared a war of independence.
Dr. Samuel Ikome Sako is the interim president of the Federal Republic of Ambazonia. He was elected acting interim president in March 2018, a month after Julius Ayuk Tabe, the first president, was abducted in Nigeria and transferred to Cameroon absent the requisite extradition process compliant with statutes of the Federal Republic of Nigeria and international conventions on refugees. Dr Sako is most credited for restructuring the interim government, configuring and implementing a networking of grassroots resistance in what has become known as the Amba peace plan, and for clearer advocacy for a mediated resolution of the conflict based on truth, justice per international law. Disagreements over policy with his predecessor AyukTabe Julius, held in detention, triggered the Ambazonian leadership crisis. In November 2019, Dr Sako was re-elected to a further 2 year term of office by the cabinet and representative tiers of the interim government.
Sisiku Julius Ayuk Tabe is an Ambazonian separatist leader, and the first president of the unrecognized Federal Republic of Ambazonia.
The president of Ambazonia is the interim or provisional head of state of the Federal Republic of Ambazonia, formerly British Southern Cameroons. The latter is a proto-state struggling for freedom from de facto recolonization by a Cameroon under control by France, following the collapse of the UN-coerced cold-war Cameroon federation of 1961. French Cameroon finally abandoned the federation in 1984 by decree to reconstitute the original 1960 French-speaking Republic of Cameroon but has since that time attempted to attach the English-speaking Southern Cameroons (Ambazonia) state onto herself as mere regions.
This is a timeline of the Anglophone Crisis during 2018.
This is a timeline of the Anglophone Crisis during 2019.
From 2018, the Anglophone Crisis drew increasing international attention, and became a challenge to Cameroon's foreign relations. Triggered by a violent crackdown on the 2016–2017 Cameroonian protests, the conflict escalated from a low-scale insurgency to a civil war-like situation. While Cameroon enjoys support from African countries, no country has openly supported the Ambazonian independence movements. However, many countries have put pressure on Cameroon to talk to the separatists. In addition, the separatists enjoy support from officers in the Nigerian Army, who have helped arrange arms deals for them.
The Interim Government of Ambazonia is the provisional government in exile of the internationally unrecognized Federal Republic of Ambazonia.
The Ambazonia Governing Council (AGovC) is an Ambazonian political organization.
The Southern Cameroons Defence Forces is the armed wing of the African People's Liberation Movement, an Ambazonian separatist movement. It is led by Ebenezer Akwanga, who is based in the United States, and its ground forces were commanded by General Andrew Ngoe. Together with the Ambazonia Defence Forces, it is one of the most prominent militias fighting in the Anglophone Crisis.
The Ambazonia Self-Defence Council (ASC), also known as Ambazonia Military Council (AMC) and Ambazonia Military Forces (AMF), is an umbrella organization that consists of several militias that fight for the independence of the Federal Republic of Ambazonia, including the Red Dragons, the Tigers of Ambazonia, Seven Karta, the Manyu Ghost Warriors, the Ambazonia Restoration Army, the Southern Cameroons Defence Forces, and numerous others. Collectively, these militias possibly outsize the Ambazonia Defence Forces and SOCADEF.
The African People's Liberation Movement (APLM) is an Ambazonian independence movement. It is the successor movement of the Southern Cameroons Youth League, with which it shares an almost identical logo. It is led by chairman Ebenezer Akwanga, who also commands its armed wing, SOCADEF.
The Movement for the Restoration of the Independence of Southern Cameroons (MoRISC) is an Ambazonian independence movement. In March 2019, it participated in the All Southern Cameroons People’s General Conference in Washington, D.C., and took part in forming the Southern Cameroons Liberation Council.
The Ambazonian leadership crisis is an ongoing internal conflict within the Interim Government of Ambazonia. The crisis started on May 2, 2019, when a document signed by the first president of Ambazonia, Sisiku Julius Ayuk Tabe, auto-proclaimed in royal fashion, the dissolution of an elected acting president Dr. Samuel Ikome Sako, his cabinet and sought the restoration of its predecessor. The predecessor was Julius Ayuk Tabe himself.
The Kondengui and Buea prison riots occurred on July 22 and 24, 2019, respectively. While the first riot started off as a protest against poor prison conditions and unjust detainment, the second riot was carried out in support of the former. Both riots were violently quelled by security forces, and hundreds of prisoners were transported to undisclosed locations. The fate of these prisoners and rumors of casualties during the crushing of the riots had political implications in the ongoing Anglophone Crisis, and brought international attention to the prison conditions. Following the riots, many suspected participants were subjected to torture, and were brought to court and sentenced without their lawyers present.
The Major National Dialogue is the official name of a dialogue between the Government of Cameroon and various opposition parties, aimed at resolving the Anglophone Crisis. The event took place between September 30 and October 4, 2019.
This is a timeline of the Anglophone Crisis during 2020.
References
- 1 2 3 Anglophone Struggle Takes Another Kink, Separatists, Federalists Bury Hatchet, Create Southern Cameroons Liberation Council, The National Times, Apr 1, 2019. Accessed Apr 1, 2019.
- ↑ Cameroon: Ambazonia separatist put immediate end to lockdown in Fako Division, Journal du Cameroun, Apr 10, 2019. Accessed Apr 11, 2019.
- ↑ Federalists Meet Restorationists, Which Group Will Perform The Osmosis?, Cameroon News Agency, Mar 29, 2019. Accessed Apr 10, 2019.
- ↑ Cameroon: Confusion looms as Ambazonia faction maintains Fako lockdown, Journal du Cameroun, Apr 10, 2019. Accessed Apr 10, 2019.
- ↑ Biya’s ‘dialogue’ for Cameroon crisis runs into questions, rejection, Journal du Cameroun, Sep 11, 2019. Accessed Sep 12, 2019.
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