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The Anglophone Crisis, also known as the Ambazonia War, or the Cameroonian Civil War, is a conflict in the Southern Cameroons region of Cameroon, part of the long-standing Anglophone problem. Following the suppression of 2016–17 Cameroonian protests, Ambazonian separatists in the Anglophone territories of Northwest Region and Southwest Region launched a guerilla campaign against Cameroonian security forces, and later unilaterally proclaimed the restoration of independence. By the end of November 2017, the government of Cameroon declared war on the separatists and sent its army into the Anglophone regions.
The Ambazonia Defence Forces (ADF) are a military organization that fights for the independence of Ambazonia, a self-declared independent state in the Anglophone region of Southern Cameroons, Cameroon. It was formally established by the Ambazonia Governing Council (AGovC) on 9 September 2017, the same day as the organization declared a war of independence.
Ivo Mbah was an Ambazonian general who fought in the Anglophone Crisis. Reportedly one of the first separatists to go to war against Cameroonian authorities, he fought for more than a year before he was killed in combat with the Cameroonian Armed Forces.
Sisiku Julius Ayuk Tabe is an Ambazonian separatist leader, and the first president of the unrecognized Federal Republic of Ambazonia.
This is a timeline of the Anglophone Crisis during 2017.
This is a timeline of the Anglophone Crisis during 2018.
This is a timeline of the Anglophone Crisis during 2019.
The Interim Government of Ambazonia is the provisional government in exile of the internationally unrecognized Federal Republic of Ambazonia.
The Southern Cameroons Defence Forces is the armed wing of the African People's Liberation Movement, an Ambazonian separatist movement. It is led by Ebenezer Akwanga, who is based in the United States, and its ground forces were commanded by General Andrew Ngoe. Together with the Ambazonia Defence Forces, it is one of the most prominent militias fighting in the Anglophone Crisis.
Red Dragon is an Ambazonian separatist militia loyal to the Interim Government of Ambazonia, and is part of the Ambazonia Self-Defence Council. It is led by Lekeaka Oliver, and controls most of Lebialem Division in the Southwest Region, where they have driven away the traditional rulers and local administrators.
Seven Karta is an Ambazonian separatist militia that is part of the Ambazonia Self-Defence Council. It was led by "General Alhaji" until his death in May 2020.
John Fru Ndi has been kidnapped twice during the Anglophone Crisis. The first incident was a brief and bloodless yet significant event in the ongoing war. Fru Ndi, who is the chairperson of Cameroon's largest opposition party, the SDF, was held by Ambazonian separatist fighters before being released later on the same day. The second incident was more dramatic, with gunmen breaking into his home, shooting his bodyguard in the leg and subjecting Fru Ndi to a rough treatment.
Lekeaka Oliver, popularly known as Field Marshall, is a former Cameroonian army soldier and currently an Ambazonian separatist commander and the leader of the Red Dragon militia. His armed group is part of the loosely-structured Ambazonia Self-Defence Council, and is loyal to the Interim Government of Ambazonia. The Red Dragon is mainly active in Lebialem Division, Southwest Region. Oliver is the brother of Chris Anu, former Secretary for Communications of the Interim Government.
This is a timeline of the Anglophone Crisis during 2020.
Brig. Gen. Valere Nka is a Cameroonian general who has commanded Cameroonian soldiers in the Boko Haram insurgency and the Anglophone Crisis. He has also served as Defence Attaché to Nigeria.
Operation Free Bafut was a week-long Cameroonian military operation against the Seven Karta militia in and around Bafut that resulted in the deaths of two separatist generals.
Operation Bamenda Clean is an ongoing Cameroonian special counter-insurgency operation in Bamenda, Northwest Region, aimed at preventing armed Ambazonian separatists from operating in the city. By January 2021, Cameroon was gradually achieving what a security analyst at the University of Yaoundé called "relative peace" in Bamenda, and the mayor of the city stated that the operation was succeeding.
The Kumba school massacre took place at Mother Francisca International Bilingual Academy during the Anglophone Crisis, in Kumba, Cameroon, in October 2020.
This is a timeline of the Anglophone Crisis during 2021.
References
- 1 2 DeLancey, DeLancey & Mbuh 2019, p. 48.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Cameroon’s Anglophone Crisis: How to Get to Talks?, Crisis Group, May 2, 2019. Accessed May 2, 2019.
- 1 2 Cameroon’s Anglophone Separatists Turn to Infighting, Voice of America, Jan 22, 2020. Accessed Jan 23, 2020.
- ↑ "Southern Cameroons Restoration Forces are in need of AK47s – Cameroon Intelligence Report" . Retrieved 2020-01-25.
- ↑ Ekane, Sumelong (2019-06-15). "Southern Cameroons Restoration Forces In Manyu Sends Warning". BaretaNews. Retrieved 2020-01-25.
- ↑ Cameroon: Dreaded Ambazonia General killed in Bui, Journal du Cameroun, Jan 27, 2020. Accessed Jan 27, 2020.
- ↑ 13 militants killed in military offensive in Cameroon’s troubled Anglophone region, NewsGhana, Jan 28, 2020. Accessed Jan 28, 2020.
Works cited
- DeLancey, Mark Dike; DeLancey, Mark W.; Mbuh, Rebecca Neh, eds. (2019). Historical Dictionary of the Republic of Cameroon (5th ed.). London: Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-1538119679.
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