Swimming at the 1972 Summer Olympics – Men's 100 metre freestyle

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Men's 100 metre freestyle
at the Games of the XX Olympiad
Mark Spitz and Jerry Heidenreich 1972.jpg
Mark Spitz and Jerry Heidenreich (after the 400 metre freestyle)
Venue Olympia Schwimmhalle
Dates2–3 September
Competitors48 from 29 nations
Winning time51.22 WR
Medalists
Gold medal icon.svg Mark Spitz
Flag of the United States.svg  United States
Silver medal icon.svg Jerry Heidenreich
Flag of the United States.svg  United States
Bronze medal icon.svg Vladimir Bure
Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union
  1968
1976  

The men's 100 metre freestyle event at the 1972 Olympic Games took place between September 2 and 3. [1] There were 48 competitors from 29 nations. [2] Nations had been limited to three swimmers each since the 1924 Games (except in 1960, when the limit was two). The event was won by Mark Spitz of the United States, his then-record sixth gold medal in a single Games (he would add a seventh in the medley relay, for a record that stood until Michael Phelps won eight in 2008). It was the ninth victory in the event for an American, most of any nation. Jerry Heidenreich, also of the United States, took silver. Soviet swimmer Vladimir Bure (father of future hockey hall of famer Pavel Bure) earned bronze, the nation's first medal in the men's 100 metre freestyle.

Background

This was the 16th appearance of the men's 100 metre freestyle. The event has been held at every Summer Olympics except 1900 (when the shortest freestyle was the 200 metres), though the 1904 version was measured in yards rather than metres. [2]

Three of the eight finalists from the 1968 Games returned: gold medalist Michael Wenden of Australia, bronze medalist Mark Spitz of the United States, and sixth-place finisher Georgijs Kuļikovs of the Soviet Union. Spitz had already won five gold medals in 1972, matching the record, and had two events left: the 100 metre freestyle and the medley relay. The American team was not expected to have any difficulty with the relay, so this event was the last one in which there was any substantial drama as to whether Spitz could take 7 gold medals in Munich. Spitz, who had set the world record at the U.S. trials, was favored, though fellow American Jerry Heidenreich was a serious contender, as were Wenden and the Soviet team. [2]

Cambodia (then Khmer Republic), Kuwait, and New Zealand each made their debut in the event; East Germany competed separately for the first time. The United States made its 16th appearance, having competed at each edition of the event to date.

Competition format

The competition used a three-round (heats, semifinals, final) format. The advancement rule mostly followed the format introduced in 1952, though the number of semifinals was reduced from 3 to 2 and qualification for the final was done via place with wild cards in the semifinals. Swim-offs were used as necessary to break ties.

A swimmer's place in the heat was not used to determine advancement; instead, the fastest times from across all heats in a round were used. There were 7 heats scheduled, with 7 or 8 swimmers each. Due to withdrawals, some heats had as few as 6 swimmers. The top 16 swimmers advanced to the semifinals.

There were 2 semifinals of 8 swimmers each. The top 3 swimmers in each semifinal as well as the next 2 fastest swimmers advanced to the final.

This swimming event used freestyle swimming, which means that the method of the stroke is not regulated (unlike backstroke, breaststroke, and butterfly events). Nearly all swimmers use the front crawl or a variant of that stroke. Because an Olympic size swimming pool is 50 metres long, this race consisted of two lengths of the pool.

For the first time at the Olympics, times were reported to the hundredths of a second.

Records

These were the standing world and Olympic records (in seconds) prior to the 1972 Summer Olympics.

World recordFlag of the United States.svg  Mark Spitz  (USA)51.47 Chicago, United States 5 August 1972
Olympic recordFlag of Australia.svg  Michael Wenden  (AUS)52.2 Mexico City, Mexico 19 October 1968

Mark Spitz broke the world record in the final, swimming in 51.22 seconds. This also set a new record for most gold medals in a single Olympics, with six.

Schedule

All times are Central European Time (UTC+1)

DateTimeRound
Saturday, 2 September 197210:00
18:00
Heats
Semifinals
Sunday, 3 September 197218:45Final

Results

Heats

The 16 fastest swimmers from seven heats advanced to the semifinals.

RankHeatSwimmerNationTimeNotes
17 Mike Wenden Flag of Australia.svg  Australia 52.34Q
26 Jerry Heidenreich Flag of the United States.svg  United States 52.38Q
37 Mark Spitz Flag of the United States.svg  United States 52.46Q
43 Vladimir Bure Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union 52.87Q
57 Klaus Steinbach Flag of Germany.svg  West Germany 52.91Q
64 Michel Rousseau Flag of France.svg  France 52.93Q
75 John Murphy Flag of the United States.svg  United States 53.07Q
82 Igor Grivennikov Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union 53.64Q
93 Jorge Comas Flag of Spain (1945-1977).svg  Spain 53.70Q
106 Brian Phillips Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada 53.75Q
115 Georgijs Kuļikovs Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union 53.78Q
124 Kersten Meier Flag of Germany.svg  West Germany 53.96Q
134 Greg Rogers Flag of Australia.svg  Australia 53.98Q
143 José Aranha Flag of Brazil (1968-1992).svg  Brazil 54.06Q
156 Bob Kasting Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada 54.07Q
165 Peter Bruch Flag of East Germany.svg  East Germany 54.25Q
171 Ruy de Oliveira Flag of Brazil (1968-1992).svg  Brazil 54.26
186 Gerhard Schiller Flag of Germany.svg  West Germany 54.28
191 Gilles Vigne Flag of France.svg  France 54.34
204 Hartmut Flöckner Flag of East Germany.svg  East Germany 54.36
211 Wilfried Hartung Flag of East Germany.svg  East Germany 54.37
222 Colin Herring Flag of New Zealand.svg  New Zealand 54.41
7 Fritz Warncke Flag of Norway.svg  Norway 54.41
242 Alain Hermitte Flag of France.svg  France 54.57
251 Malcolm Windeatt Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain 54.70
262 István Szentirmay Flag of Hungary.svg  Hungary 54.71
277 Roberto Pangaro Flag of Italy.svg  Italy 54.74
284 Bruce Robertson Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada 54.76
295 Paulo Zanetti Flag of Brazil (1968-1992).svg  Brazil 54.97
305 Brian Brinkley Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain 55.06
313 Hanspeter Würmli Flag of Switzerland.svg  Switzerland 55.08
323 Neil Rogers Flag of Australia.svg  Australia 55.32
337 Marian Slavic Flag of Romania (1965-1989).svg  Romania 55.35
346 Attila Császári Flag of Hungary.svg  Hungary 55.37
356 Finnur Garðarsson Flag of Iceland.svg  Iceland 55.97
5 Zbigniew Pacelt Flag of Poland (1928-1980).svg  Poland 55.97
375 Andrew Hunter Flag of Ireland.svg  Ireland 56.09
381 Geoffrey Ferreira Flag of Trinidad and Tobago.svg  Trinidad and Tobago 56.27
396 Salvador Vilanova Flag of El Salvador.svg  El Salvador 56.57
402 Antonio Ferracuti Flag of El Salvador.svg  El Salvador 56.69
411 Roberto Strauss Flag of Mexico.svg  Mexico 56.78
422 Sandro Rudan Flag of SFR Yugoslavia.svg  Yugoslavia 56.91
437 Jorge van Balen Flag of Venezuela (1954-2006).png  Venezuela 57.20
446 Wong Ronnie Flag of Hong Kong (1959-1997).svg  Hong Kong 57.53
453 Samnang Prak Flag of the Khmer Republic.svg  Khmer Republic 59.18
464 Feridun Aybars Flag of Turkey.svg  Turkey 59.32
472 Bruno Bassoul Flag of Lebanon.svg  Lebanon 1:00.08
485 Abdullah Abdulrahman Flag of Kuwait.svg  Kuwait 1:03.94

Semifinals

The top three swimmers in each semifinal and the next two fastest overall advanced to the final.

Semifinal 1

RankSwimmerNationTimeNotes
1 Jerry Heidenreich Flag of the United States.svg  United States 52.31Q
2 Igor Grivennikov Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union 52.55Q
3 Vladimir Bure Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union 52.60Q
4 Michel Rousseau Flag of France.svg  France 52.82q
5 José Aranha Flag of Brazil (1968-1992).svg  Brazil 53.47
6 Brian Phillips Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada 53.73
7 Peter Bruch Flag of East Germany.svg  East Germany 53.97
8 Kersten Meier Flag of Germany.svg  West Germany 54.35

Semifinal 2

RankSwimmerNationTimeNotes
1 Mike Wenden Flag of Australia.svg  Australia 52.32Q
2 Mark Spitz Flag of the United States.svg  United States 52.43Q
3 Klaus Steinbach Flag of Germany.svg  West Germany 52.87Q
4 John Murphy Flag of the United States.svg  United States 53.17q
5 Bob Kasting Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada 53.62
6 Georgijs Kuļikovs Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union 53.68
7 Jorge Comas Flag of Spain (1945-1977).svg  Spain 53.92
8 Greg Rogers Flag of Australia.svg  Australia 54.26

Final

Spitz started fast, surprising Heidenreich. Heidenreich gave chase and closed during the final stretch, but was unable to catch Spitz. [2]

RankSwimmerNationTimeNotes
Gold medal icon.svg Mark Spitz Flag of the United States.svg  United States 51.22 WR
Silver medal icon.svg Jerry Heidenreich Flag of the United States.svg  United States 51.65
Bronze medal icon.svg Vladimir Bure Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union 51.77
4 John Murphy Flag of the United States.svg  United States 52.08
5 Mike Wenden Flag of Australia.svg  Australia 52.41
6 Igor Grivennikov Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union 52.44
7 Michel Rousseau Flag of France.svg  France 52.90
8 Klaus Steinbach Flag of Germany.svg  West Germany 52.92

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References

  1. "Swimming at the 1972 Munich Summer Games: Men's 100 metres Freestyle". Sports Reference. Archived from the original on 17 April 2020. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
  2. 1 2 3 4 "100 metres Freestyle, Men". Olympedia. Retrieved 17 December 2020.