Torpedosporales

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Torpedosporales
Elbamycella rosea (10.3897-mycokeys.55.35522) Figure 2.jpg
Elbamycella rosea gen. et sp. nov. (Juncigenaceae, Torpedosporales)
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Ascomycota
Class: Sordariomycetes
Subclass: Hypocreomycetidae
Order: Torpedosporales
E.B.G. Jones, Abdel-Wahab & K.L. Pang [1]
Families

(with number of genera)

The Torpedosporales are an order of marine based fungi in the class Sordariomycetes, subclass Hypocreomycetidae. [2] [3] Most are found on wood substrates in the water. [4]

Contents

History

In an attempt to clarify the phylogeny of the genera, Swampomyces Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm. and Torpedospora Meyers, Sakayaroj et al. (2005) recognised a distinct lineage of marine Ascomycota within the class Sordariomycetes, [5] that was then named TBM (Torpedospora/Bertia/Melanospora) clade (Schoch et al. 2007). [6] Following a re-evaluation of the marine fungi affiliated to the TBM clade, together with the terrestrial genus Falcocladium , new families were introduced to accommodate its four subclades: Juncigenaceae, Etheirophoraceae, Falcocladiaceae, and Torpedosporaceae, which all formerly belonged to the order Torpedosporales (Jones et al. 2014; [7] Abdel-Wahab et al. 2018). [8] Based on phylogeny and morphological data, Maharachchikumbura et al. in 2015 introduced the order Falcocladiales (with family Falcocladiaceae ) under the class Sordariomycetes. [9] [10] This was accepted by Wijayawardene et al. 2020, [11] and Wijayawardene et al. 2022. [3]

The families EtheirophoraceaeRungjindamati, Somrothipol, & Suetrong, Cryptog. Mycol. 35(2): 134 (2014), JuncigenaceaeE.B.G. Jones, Abdel-Wahab & K.L. Pang, Cryptog. Mycol. 35(2): 133 (2014) and TorpedosporaceaeE.B.G. Jones & K.L. Pang, Cryptog. Mycol. 35(2): 135 (2014) form well-separated clades within Torpedosporales in the phylogram generated from combined LSU, SSU and rpb2 sequence data. This observation was supported by previous studies of Jones et al. in 2015, [1] and also by Maharachchkumbura et al. in 2016. [12] The divergence time for Torpedosporales is estimated as 185 Mya (million years ago). There are three families and ten genera in this order. [2] [13]

Description

Generally, the conidia of Torpedosporales are solitary and helicoid e.g. Juncigenaceae has single, brown, helicoid shaped conidia. While the conidia of Torpedosporaceae are solitary, irregularly helicoid and muriform (meaning resembling courses of bricks or stones in squareness and regular arrangement).(Hyde et al. 2020a). [2]

Distribution

It has a scattered cosmopolitan distribution within various marine environments. [14] This includes the Mediterranean Sea. [10] the Arabian Sea, [8] New Zealand, [15] and near Australia. [16]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hypocreales</span> Order of fungi

The Hypocreales are an order of fungi within the class Sordariomycetes. In 2008, it was estimated that it contained some 237 genera, and 2647 species in seven families. Since then, a considerable number of further taxa have been identified, including an additional family, the Stachybotryaceae. Wijayawardene et al. in 2020 added more families and genera to the order. According to the Catalog of Life, As of April 2021 the Hypocreales contains 6 families, 137 genera, and 1411 species. Hyde et al. (2020a) listed 14 families under Hypocreales, while, Wijayawardene et al. (2022) accepted 15 families in the order, where Cylindriaceae was additionally added. Earlier, Hyde et al. (2020a) had placed Cylindriaceae in class Xylariomycetidae. Samarakoon et al. (2022) agreed. Hence, Cylindriaceae should have been excluded from Hypocreales and placed in Xylariomycetidae. Xiao et al. (2022) recently introduced a new family Polycephalomycetaceae to Hypocreales.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hypocreomycetidae</span> Subclass of fungi

Hypocreomycetidae is a subclass of sac fungi.

The Halosphaeriaceae are a family of fungi in the Sordariomycetes class, subclass Hypocreomycetidae. Halosphaeriaceae is the family with the largest number of marine fungi with a few species are from freshwater and terrestrial habitats.

Jobellisia is a genus of fungi within the monotypic family Jobellisiaceae and the monotypic order Jobellisiales and also the subclass Hypocreomycetidae, and class Sordariomycetes. The genus was circumscribed by Margaret Elizabeth Barr-Bigelow in 1993 with Jobellisia luteola as the type species. It contains species that grow on dead wood and bark in tropical and temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere.

The Trichosphaeriales are an order of sac fungi. It is monotypic, and consists of the single family, the Trichosphaeriaceae. In 2017, the family of Trichosphaeriaceae was placed in Diaporthomycetidae families incertae sedis, which was accepted by Wijayawardene et al. (2018), and Wijayawardene et al. 2020. The order of Trichosphaeriales was also unplaced. They are generally saprobic and pathogenic on plants, commonly isolated from herbivore dung.

<i>Bertia</i> (fungus) Genus of fungi

Bertia is a genus of fungi within the Bertiaceae family, and Hypocreomycetidae subclass.

Gliomastix is a genus of fungi belonging to the family Bionectriaceae.

Lulworthiomycetidae is a subclass of Sordariomycetes.

Conioscyphales is an order of freshwater and terrestrial fungi within the division Ascomycota. It is in the subclass Savoryellomycetidae and the class Sordariomycetes and the subdivision of Pezizomycotina.

Fuscosporellales is an order of fungi within the phylum of Ascomycota and in the class Sordariomycetes and subdivision of Pezizomycotina.

Savoryellaceae is a family of aquatic based fungi. It is the only family in the monotypic order Savoryellales within the class Sordariomycetes, division Ascomycota.

Savoryella is a genus of freshwater and marine based fungi in the family Savoryellaceae and the order Savoryellales.

Savoryella lignicola is a species of marine and freshwater based fungi in the Savoryellaceae family of the order Savoryellales. They are saprobic on submerged wood.

Pisorisporiales is an order of fungi within the phylum of Ascomycota and in the class Sordariomycetes and subdivision of Pezizomycotina and also its own subclass Pisorisporiomycetidae.

Pleurotheciaceae is a family of ascomycetous fungi within the monotypic order of Pleurotheciales in the subclass Savoryellomycetidae and within the class Sordariomycetes.

Pararamichloridium is a genus of fungi in the monotypic family Pararamichloridiaceae and within the monotypic order of Pararamichloridiales and also in the subclass Hypocreomycetidae. They are saprobic on wood in terrestrial and freshwater habitats.

Etheirophoraceae is a family of ascomycetous marine based fungi within the order of Torpedosporales in the subclass Hypocreomycetidae and within the class Sordariomycetes. They are saprobic on intertidal wood and bark within marine habitats.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Juncigenaceae</span> Family of fungi

Juncigenaceae is a family of ascomycetous marine based fungi within the order of Torpedosporales in the subclass Hypocreomycetidae and within the class Sordariomycetes. They are saprobic to intertidal wood, within mangrove forests and other herbaceous wood and roots, bark, leaves in various marine habitats.

Torpedosporaceae is a monotypic family of ascomycetous marine based fungi within the order of Torpedosporales in the subclass Hypocreomycetidae and within the class Sordariomycetes. They are saprobic on intertidal mangrove wood and roots, bark leaves, and sand in various marine habitats.

Falcocladium is a genus of fungi, within the monotypic family FalcocladiaceaeSomrith., E.B.G. Jones & K.L. Pang, and within the monotypic order FalcocladialesR.H. Perera, Maharachch., Somrith., Suetrong & K.D. Hyde, within the class Dothideomycetes. They are saprobic on leaf litter, including the leaves of Eucalyptus grandis and Eucalyptus camaldulensis in tropical and terrestrial habitats.

References

  1. 1 2 Jones, E.B.G.; Suetrong, S.; Sakayaroj, J.; Bahkali, A.H.; Abdel-Wahab, M.A.; Boekhout, T.; Pang, K.L. (2015). "An updated classification of marine Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Blastocladiomycota and Chytridiomycota". Fungal Diversity. 73: 1–72. doi:10.1007/s13225-015-0339-4. S2CID   256066564.
  2. 1 2 3 Hyde, Kevin D.; Norphanphoun, C.; Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N.; Bhat, D.J.; Jones, E.B.G.; Bundhun, D.; Chen, Y.J.; Bao, D.F.; Boonmee, S.; Calabon, M.S.; Chaiwan, N.; Chethana, K.W.T.; Dai, D.Q.; Dayarathne, M.C.; Devadatha, B.; Dissanayake, A.J.; Dissanayake, L.S.; Doilom, M.; Dong, W.; Fan, X.L.; Goonasekara, I.D.; Hongsanan, S.; Huang, S.K.; Jayawardena, R.S.; Jeewon, R.; Karunarathna, A.; Konta, S.; Kumar, V.; Lin, C.G.; Liu, J.K.; Liu, N.G.; Luangsa-ard, J.; Lumyong, S.; Luo, Z.L.; Marasinghe, D.S.; McKenzie, E.H.C.; Niego, A.G.T.; Niranjan, M.; Perera, R.H.; Phukhamsakda, C.; Rathnayaka, A.R.; Samarakoon, M.C.; Samarakoon, S.M.B.C.; Sarma, V.V.; Senanayake, I.C.; Shang, Q.J.; Stadler, M.; Tibpromma, S.; Wanasinghe, D.N.; Wei, D.P.; Wijayawardene, N.N.; Xiao, Y.P.; Yang, J.; Zeng, X.Y.; Zhang, S.N.; Xiang, M.M. (2020). "Refined families of Sordariomycetes". Mycosphere. 11: 305–1059. doi:10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/7. hdl: 10033/622756 . S2CID   219808477.
  3. 1 2 Wijayawardene, N.N.; Hyde, K.D.; Dai, D.Q.; Sánchez-García, M.; Goto, B.T.; Saxena, R.K.; et al. (2022). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa – 2021". Mycosphere. 13 (1): 53–453 [160]. doi: 10.5943/mycosphere/13/1/2 . hdl: 10481/76378 . S2CID   249054641.
  4. ↑ Lucas J. Stal and Mariana Silvia Cretoiu (Editors) The Marine Microbiome: An Untapped Source of Biodiversity and ... (2016) , p. 109, at Google Books
  5. ↑ Sakayaroj, J.; Pang, KL; Jones, EBG; Phongpaichit, S.; Vrijmoed, L.L.P.; Abdel-Wahab, M.A. (2005). "A systematic reassessment of the marine ascomycetes Torpedospora and Swampomyces". Botanica Marina. 48 (5–6): 395–406. doi:10.1515/bot.2005.053.
  6. ↑ Schoch, C.L.; Sung, G.H.; Volkmann-Kohlmeyer, B.; Kohlmeyer, J.; Spatafora, J.W. (2007). "Marine fungal lineages in the Hypocreomycetidae". Mycological Research. 111 (2): 154–162. doi:10.1016/j.mycres.2006.10.005. PMID   17161942.
  7. ↑ Jones, E.B.G.; Suetrong, S.; Cheng, W.H.; Rungjindamai, N.; Sakayaroj, J.; Boonyuen, N.; Somrothipol, S.; Abdel-Wahab, M.A.; Pang, K.L. (2014). "An additional fungal lineage in the Hypocreomycetidae (Falcocladium species) and the taxonomic re-evaluation of Chaetosphaeriachaetosa and Swampomyces species, based on morphology, ecology and phylogeny". Cryptogamie, Mycologie. 35 (2): 119–138. doi:10.7872/crym.v35.iss2.2014.119. S2CID   83583293.
  8. 1 2 Abdel-Wahab, Mohamed A.; El-Samawaty, Abd El-Rahim M.A.; El Gorban, Abdallah M.; Yassin, Mohamed A.; Alsaadi, Marzouq H. (27 February 2018). "Khaleijomyces marinus gen. et sp. nov. (Juncigenaceae, Torpedosporales) a new lignicolous marine fungus from Saudi Arabia". Phytotaxa. 340 (3). doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.340.3.8.
  9. ↑ Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N.; Hyde, Kevin D.; Jones, E.B.G.; McKenzie, E.H.C.; Huang, S.K.; Abdel-Wahab, M.A.; Daranagama, D.A.; Dayarathne, M.; D’Souza, M.J.; Goonasekara, I.D.; Hongsanan, S.; Jayawardena, R.S.; Kirk, P.M.; Konta, S; Liu, J.K.; Liu, Z.Y.; Norphanphoun, C.; Pang, K.L.; Perera, R.H.; Senanayake, I.C.; Shang, Q.J.; Shenoy, B.D.; Xiao, Y.P.; Bahkali, A.H.; Kang, J.C.; Somrothipol, S.; Suetrong, S.; Wen, T.C.; Xu, J.C. (2015). "Towards a natural classification and backbone tree for Sordariomycetes". Fungal Diversity. 72: 199–301. doi:10.1007/s13225-015-0331-z. S2CID   256072233.
  10. 1 2 Poli, Anna; Bovio, Elena; Verkley, Gerard; Prigione, Valeria; Varese, Giovanna Cristina (2019). "Elbamycellarosea gen. et sp. nov. (Juncigenaceae, Torpedosporales) isolated from the Mediterranean Sea". MycoKeys. 55: 15–28. doi: 10.3897/mycokeys.55.35522 . PMC   6595004 . PMID   31274984. 31274984.
  11. ↑ Wijayawardene, Nalin; Hyde, Kevin; Al-Ani, Laith Khalil Tawfeeq; Somayeh, Dolatabadi; Stadler, Marc; Haelewaters, Danny; et al. (2020). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa". Mycosphere. 11: 1060–1456. doi: 10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8 . hdl: 10481/61998 .
  12. ↑ Maharachchikumbura, Sajeewa S. N.; Hyde, Kevin D.; Jones, E. B. Gareth; McKenzie, E. H. C.; Bhat, Jayarama D.; Dayarathne, Monika C.; Huang, Shi-Ke; Norphanphoun, Chada; Senanayake, Indunil C. (2016-06-03). "Families of Sordariomycetes". Fungal Diversity. 79 (1): 1–317. doi:10.1007/s13225-016-0369-6. ISSN   1560-2745. S2CID   256070646.
  13. ↑ Gomdola, Deecksha (4 March 2021). "Torpedosporales - Facesoffungi number: FoF 00861". Faces Of Fungi. Retrieved 11 July 2023.
  14. ↑ "Torpedosporales". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 13 July 2023.
  15. ↑ "Torpedosporales E.B.G. Jones, Abdel-Wahab & K.L. Pang 2015 - Biota of NZ". biotanz.landcareresearch.co.nz. Retrieved 17 July 2023.
  16. ↑ Hyde, Kevin D.; Nakagiri, A. (1992). "Intertidal fungi from Australia. The genus Swampomyces including S. triseptatus sp. nov". Sydowia. 44: 122–130.
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