The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) is a United Nations agency mandated to aid and protect refugees,forcibly displaced communities,and stateless people,and to assist in their voluntary repatriation,local integration or resettlement to a third country. It is headquartered in Geneva,Switzerland,with over 18,879 staff working in 138 countries as of 2020.
Rudolphus Franciscus Marie "Ruud" Lubbers was a Dutch politician,diplomat and businessman who served as Prime Minister of the Netherlands from 1982 to 1994,and as United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees from 2001 to 2005. He was a member of the Catholic People's Party (KVP),which later merged to become the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) party.
An internally displaced person (IDP) is someone who is forced to leave their home but who remains within their country's borders. They are often referred to as refugees,although they do not fall within the legal definitions of a refugee.
A refugee camp is a temporary settlement built to receive refugees and people in refugee-like situations. Refugee camps usually accommodate displaced people who have fled their home country,but camps are also made for internally displaced people. Usually,refugees seek asylum after they have escaped war in their home countries,but some camps also house environmental and economic migrants. Camps with over a hundred thousand people are common,but as of 2012,the average-sized camp housed around 11,400. They are usually built and run by a government,the United Nations,international organizations,or non-governmental organization. Unofficial refugee camps,such as Idomeni in Greece or the Calais jungle in France,are where refugees are largely left without the support of governments or international organizations.
Johannes Pieter "Jan" Pronk Jr. is a retired Dutch politician and diplomat of the Labour Party (PvdA) and activist.
The Third Lubbers cabinet,also called the Lubbers–Kok cabinet,was the executive branch of the Dutch government from 7 November 1989 to 22 August 1994. The cabinet was formed the christian-democratic Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) and the social-democratic Labour Party (PvdA) after the election of 1989. The cabinet was a centrist grand coalition and had a substantial majority in the House of Representatives with Christian-Democratic Leader Ruud Lubbers serving as Prime Minister. Labour Leader Wim Kok served as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Finance.
The Second Lubbers cabinet was the executive branch of the Dutch Government from 14 July 1986 until 7 November 1989. The cabinet was a continuation of the previous First Lubbers cabinet and was formed by the Christian-democratic Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) and the conservative-liberal People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) after the election of 1986. The cabinet was a centre-right coalition and had a substantial majority in the House of Representatives with Christian-Democratic Leader Ruud Lubbers serving Prime Minister. Former Liberal Leader Rudolf de Korte the Minister of the Interior in the previous cabinet served as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Economic Affairs.
Mediation of the Chadian-Sudanese conflict began shortly after the government of Chad declared an "état de belligérance",or 'state of belligerency' with Sudan. on December 23,2005. The BBC translated "belligérance" as "war".
Frederick "Rick" Barton is a United States diplomat,educator,and author. He served as the founding Assistant Secretary of State for the Bureau of Conflict and Stabilization Operations at the U.S. Department of State until September 2014. Currently a lecturer at Princeton University's School of Public and International Affairs,he is also the co-director of the university's Scholars in the Nation's Service Initiative (SINSI) with his wife,Kit Lunney.
The Norwegian Refugee Council is a humanitarian,non-governmental organisation that protects the rights of people affected by displacement. This includes refugees and internally displaced persons who are forced to flee their homes as a result of conflict,human rights violations and acute violence,as well as climate change and natural disasters.
Bruno Geddo is an Italian national,born in Novara in 1959. He has served with the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) for over 30 years in Sub-Saharan Africa,North Africa and the Middle East.
Filippo Grandi is an Italian diplomat and United Nations official,currently serving as United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. He previously served as Commissioner-General of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) and United Nations Deputy Special Representative for Afghanistan.
Sudanese refugees are persons originating from the country of Sudan,but seeking refuge outside the borders of their native country. In recent history,Sudan has been the stage for prolonged conflicts and civil wars,as well as environmental changes,namely desertification. These forces have resulted not only in violence and famine but also the forced migration of large numbers of the Sudanese population,both inside and outside the country's borders. Given the expansive geographic territory of Sudan,and the regional and ethnic tensions and conflicts,much of the forced migration in Sudan has been internal. Yet,these populations are not immune to similar issues that typically accompany refugeedom,including economic hardship and providing themselves and their families with sustenance and basic needs. With the creation of a South Sudanese state,questions surrounding southern Sudanese IDPs may become questions of South Sudanese refugees.
By January 2011 the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) estimated that there are 262,900 Sudanese refugees in Chad. The majority of them left Sudan escaping from the violence of the ongoing Darfur crisis,which began in 2003. UNHCR has given the Sudanese refugees shelter in 12 different camps situated along the Chad–Sudan border. The most pressing issues UNHCR has to deal with in the refugee camps in Chad are related to insecurity in the camps,,malnutrition,access to water,HIV and AIDS,and education.
Arnauld Antoine Akodjènou,a native of Benin,is a long-life humanitarian and diplomat,currently serving as Senior Adviser for Africa at the Kofi Annan Foundation specifically working on the Democracy and Electoral Integrity Initiative. Prior to this he served as the Regional Refugee Coordinator and Special Adviser to the High Commissioner for refugees for the South Sudan Situation at the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). He has held numerous positions in the United Nations Department of Peace Operations,in Côte d'Ivoire (ONUCI) and Mali (MINUSMA),and as a Deputy Special Representative of UN Secretary General. His career with the UNHCR spans over twenty-five years.
The Darfur genocide is the systematic killing of ethnic Darfuri people which has occurred during the ongoing conflict in western Sudan. It has become known as the first genocide of the 21st century. The genocide,which is being carried out against the Fur,Masalit and Zaghawa ethnic groups,has led the International Criminal Court (ICC) to indict several people for crimes against humanity,rape,forced transfer and torture. An estimated 200,000 people were killed between 2003 and 2005.
This article is a list of events in the year 2005 in Chad.
Kango Haraza is a village in the West Darfur region of Sudan,situated near the Chad–Sudan border,about 100 kilometers southwest of the city of Geneina.
