Winyah Bay

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Satellite image of Winyah Bay Winyah Bay.jpeg
Satellite image of Winyah Bay
Aerial view of north inlet of Winyah Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve Nerr0315 - Flickr - NOAA Photo Library.jpg
Aerial view of north inlet of Winyah Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve

Winyah Bay is a coastal estuary that is the confluence of the Waccamaw River, the Pee Dee River, the Black River, and the Sampit River in Georgetown County, in eastern South Carolina. Its name comes from the Winyaw, who used to inhabit the region during the eighteenth century. The historic port city of Georgetown is located on the bay, and the bay generally serves as the terminating point for the Grand Strand.

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The bay is evidence of a drowned coastline, created by a rise in sea level in recent geologic time. It was a prime site for fishing by generations of Native American cultures. This area was developed by English colonists as a seaport and center of rice culture and timbering.[ citation needed ]

The entrance to the bay is flanked by North Island, South Island and Cat Island. Today, the first two islands and most of the third comprise the Tom Yawkey Wildlife Center, as the islands were willed to the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources by Tom Yawkey, [1] former owner of the Boston Red Sox.

Winyah Bay is the fourth-largest estuary on the US East Coast, when classified by discharge rate. [2] It is home to many aquatic and terrestrial species, including sturgeon, sharks, dolphins, red drum, stingrays, star drum, white shrimp, blue crabs, pelicans, bald eagles, cormorants, and various species of seagulls.

History

The first European contact with Winyah Bay was June 21, 1521, when two ships commanded by Pedro de Quejo and Francisco Gordillo arrived. They named the Waccamaw River the Jordan River, since they arrived on the feast of St. John the Baptist. They called the area Chicora, derived from the local tribe's name Shakori. They traded with the Native Americans for a month and explored north and south of the bay. They then enslaved 60 Native Americans and took them back to Santo Domingo. [3] [4] One of these, Francisco de Chicora, went to Spain and was interviewed at length by court historian Peter Martyr who published detailed reports. [5] De Quejo returned to Winyah Bay in 1525 and explored from Amelia Island, Florida to Chesapeake Bay, Maryland. [3] [4] His findings and place names were published on a 1526 map by Juan Vespucci. [3]

The first African slaves in what would become the present day United States of America arrived August 9, 1526, in Winyah Bay, when Lucas Vázquez de Ayllón brought 600 colonists to start a colony. Records say the colonists included enslaved Africans, without saying how many. This arrival was almost 100 years before the first enslaved Africans arrived in Virginia in 1619. Francisco de Chicora returned as a translator with this group and escaped back to his family. After a month Ayllón moved the colony to what is now Georgia, where it failed in a few months, the enslaved Africans may have escaped to live with the local Native Americans, and the 100 other survivors returned to Santo Domingo. [3] [4]

See also

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Francisco de Chicora was the baptismal name given to a Native American kidnapped in 1521, along with 70 others, from near the mouth of the Pee Dee River by Spanish explorer Francisco Gordillo and slave trader Pedro de Quexos, based in Santo Domingo and the first Europeans to reach the area. From analysis of the account by Peter Martyr, court chronicler, the ethnographer John R. Swanton believed that Chicora was from a Catawban group.

North Inlet-Winyah Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve

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References

  1. ↑ "Tom Yawkey Wildlife Center". Audubon. National Audubon Society . Retrieved 31 August 2019.
  2. ↑ Kim, Yong H.; Voulgaris, George (2005). "Effect of channel bifurcation on residual estuarine circulation: Winyah Bay, South Carolina". Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science . 65 (4): 672. doi:10.1016/j.ecss.2005.07.004 – via Elsevier Science Direct.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Peck, Douglas T. (2001). "Lucas Vásquez de Ayllón's Doomed Colony of San Miguel de Gualdape". The Georgia Historical Quarterly . 85 (2): 183–198. ISSN   0016-8297. JSTOR   40584407.
  4. 1 2 3 Milanich, Jerald T. (2018). Florida Indians and the Invasion from Europe. Gainesville: Library Press at UF. ISBN   978-1-947372-45-0. OCLC   1021804892.
  5. ↑ Anghiera, Pietro Martire d' (1912). De Orbe Novo: The Eight Decades of Peter Martyr D'Anghera. translation by Francis McNutt published 1912, reprinted 1970: G.P. Putnam's Sons. pp. 2:256–259, 490–498, 595–596. ISBN   9780598546913.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)

Coordinates: 33°17′28″N79°16′32″W / 33.2912°N 79.2756°W / 33.2912; -79.2756

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