Wood science

Last updated
Fichtenholz.jpg
Spruce wood (Picea abies) as shown in SEM
EicheQuerschnitt.jpg
Oak wood (Quercus robur) with characteristic rows of vessels
BuchenholzTangential.JPG
Beech wood (Fagus sylvatica) with rays in the tangential direction
FicusSycomorus.JPG
Common fig (Ficus sycomorus) xylem with axial banded parenchyma in light microscopy

Wood science [1] is the scientific field which predominantly studies and investigates elements associated with the formation, the physical and chemical composition, and the macro- and microstructure of wood as a bio-based and lignocellulosic material. Wood science additionally delves into the biological, chemical, physical, and mechanical properties and characteristics of wood as a natural material. [2] [3]

Contents

Deep understanding of wood plays a pivotal role in several endeavors such as the processing of wood, the production of wood-based materials like particleboard, fiberboard, OSB, plywood and other materials, as well as the utilization of wood and wood-based materials in construction and a wide array of products, including pulpwood, furniture, engineered wood products, such as glued laminated timber, CLT, LVL, PSL, as well as pellets, briquettes, and numerous wood-derived products.

History

Initial comprehensive investigations in the field of wood science emerged at the start of the 20th century. In 1902, the Wood Processing Laboratory was founded in the Department of Forestry at Tokyo University and academic studies on wood processing were first initiated. The Forest and Forest Products Research Institute in Tokyo was also established in 1905. [4] In 1906 the Forest Products Research Institute was created in Dehradun, India.

The advent of contemporary wood research commenced in 1910, when the Forest Products Laboratory (FPL) was established in Madison, Wisconsin, USA. [5] The Forest Products Laboratory played a fundamental role in wood science providing scientific research on wood and wood products in partnership with academia, industry, local and other institutions in North and South America and worldwide. [6] [7] [8]

In the following years, many wood research institutes came into existence across almost all industrialized nations. A general overview of these institutes and laboratories is shown below: [9]

From the '60s, the founding of research institutes in the field of wood sciences continued in many universities, and also in universities of applied sciences and technological universities. Today, the International Academy of Wood Science (IAWS), a recognised and non-profit assembly of wood scientists, represents worldwide the scientific area of wood science and all of its associated technological domains. [10] [11]

Sub-areas

Wood of Castanea sativa - Photo by G-Lignum.jpg
In wood biology, different wood elements are studied under the microscope
Zellstoff 200 fach Polfilter.jpg
Through wood chemistry, pulp, is produced via the alkaline Kraft process

The field of wood science can be categorized into three distinct sub-areas, which include: [12]

Scientific journals

Below are some of the significant scientific journals within the areas of wood sciences: [15]

Further reading

Related Research Articles

Science education is the teaching and learning of science to school children, college students, or adults within the general public. The field of science education includes work in science content, science process, some social science, and some teaching pedagogy. The standards for science education provide expectations for the development of understanding for students through the entire course of their K-12 education and beyond. The traditional subjects included in the standards are physical, life, earth, space, and human sciences.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Forest Products Laboratory</span> National research laboratory of the United States Forest Service

The Forest Products Laboratory (FPL) is the national research laboratory of the United States Forest Service, which is part of USDA. Since its opening in 1910, the FPL has provided scientific research on wood, wood products and their commercial uses in partnership with academia, industry, tribal, state, local and other government agencies. The laboratory is headquartered in Madison, Wisconsin. The focus of the Forest Products Laboratory is to promote healthy forests and forest-based economies through the efficient, sustainable use of the Nation's wood resources.

Biorefining is the process of "building" multiple products from biomass as a feedstock or raw material much like a petroleum refinery that is currently in use.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Claes-Göran Granqvist</span> Swedish materials physicist

Claes-Göran Sture Granqvist is a materials physicist and Professor of Solid State Physics at Uppsala University in Sweden. Granqvist is considered a pioneer and expert in photochromic materials and energy-efficient building materials such as glass, paint, and wood.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology</span> Indian research institute

Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology (IMMT) is an advanced research institute in the field of mineralogy to materials engineering, established in Bhubaneswar, Odisha. It was established in 1964 by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), New Delhi. The main focus area of research of IMMT is mining and mineral/bio-mineral processing, metal extraction and materials characterization, process engineering, industrial waste management, pollution monitoring and control, marine and forest products development, utilization of medicinal and aromatic plants, colloids and Materials Chemistry and environmental sustainability. Dr. Ramanuj Narayan is the Director of this Institute at present where 140 scientists are working towards nation building programme.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">B. S. Daya Sagar</span>

Behara Seshadri Daya Sagar also known as B. S. Daya Sagar is an Indian mathematical geoscientist specializing in mathematical morphology. He is a professor of computer science at the Indian Statistical Institute, Bangalore. He is known as a specialist in mathematical morphology, fractal geometry. chaos theory, and their applications in geophysics, geographical information science, and computational geography. The Indian Geophysical Union awarded him the Krishnan Medal in 2002. He is the first Asian to receive the Georges Matheron Lectureship in 2011. In 2018, he received the IAMG Certificate of Appreciation by the International Association for Mathematical Geosciences for his work on the Handbook of Mathematical Geosciences. In 2020, Sagar was selected as an IEEE Distinguished Lecturer (DL) to represent the IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society. He, with Frits Agterberg, Qiuming Cheng, and Jennifer McKinley, led the monumental project on the Encyclopedia of Mathematical Geosciences to the completion. The first edition of two-volume 1756-page Encyclopedia of Mathematical Geosciences was published on 21 June 2023 by Springer International Publishers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Walter Liese</span> German wood scientist (1926–2023)

Walter Liese was a German forestry and wood researcher and wood biologist.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">C. Anandharamakrishnan</span> Indian scientist and academician

Anandharamakrishnan Chinnaswamy, commonly referred as Anandharamakrishnan is an Indian scientist and academician, having expertise in Chemical Engineering and Food processing. He is working as Director of National Institute of Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, (NIIST) Trivandrum. Earlier, he served as Director of National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management, Thanjavur (NIFTEM-T) (Formerly known as Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu during the period April 2022 – November 2022 and as Chief Scientist at the CSIR - Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">International Academy of Wood Science</span>

The International Academy of Wood Science (IAWS) is an international academy and a non-profit assembly of wood scientists, recognizing all fields of wood science with their associated technological domains and securing a worldwide representation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Acetylated wood</span> Type of modified wood that does not contain toxic substances

Acetylated wood is a type of modified wood that is ecologically friendly and does not contain toxic substances. It produced from a special chemical treatment (acetylation) involving acetic anhydride and a chemical modification process to make wood highly resistant to biological attacks by fungi and wood-boring insects, ensuring a long lifespan and durability in various environmental conditions. It is a novel wood product in the field of wood science, following several decades of research and experimentation.

John Ralph is a New Zealand-born, American chemist, wood scientist, and professor at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Raymond A. Young</span> American materials researcher, wood scientist and emeritus professor

Raymond A. Young is an American materials researcher, wood scientist and emeritus professor at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, who is an elected fellow (FIAWS) of the International Academy of Wood Science.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Holger Militz</span> German professor and wood scientist (born 1960)

Holger Militz is a German wood scientist and professor at the University of Goettingen, who is an elected fellow (FIAWS) of the International Academy of Wood Science.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Peter Niemz</span> German-born Swiss professor and wood scientist (born 1950)

Peter Niemz (1950) is a German-born Swiss materials engineer, retired wood scientist and emeritus professor of the Institute of Building Materials at ETH Zurich, who is an elected fellow (FIAWS) of the International Academy of Wood Science.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Thujaplicinol</span> A natural terpenoid belonging to tropolones

Thujaplicinol is either of two isomeric tropolone-related natural products. They are found in tree species primarily in bark, needles, xylem, of the family of Cupressaceae like the Cupressus, Thuja, Juniperus and Thujopsis. The thujaplicinols are structurally equivalent to the thujaplicins with an additional hydroxyl group. They belong to the class of natural terpenoids having two free hydroxyl groups at C3 and C5 position.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dick Sandberg</span> Swedish professor and wood scientist (born 1967)

Dick Sandberg is a Swedish mechanical engineer and wood scientist at the Luleå University of Technology, who is an elected fellow (FIAWS) of the International Academy of Wood Science.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alfred Teischinger</span> Austrian professor and wood scientist (born 1954)

Alfred Teischinger is an Austrian wood scientist and technologist and emeritus professor at the University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), who is an elected fellow (FIAWS) of the International Academy of Wood Science.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gerald Koch</span> German wood scientist and professor

Gerald Koch is a German wood scientist and professor, senior researcher and research scientific director at the Thünen-Institute of Wood Research at Hamburg, who is an elected fellow of the International Academy of Wood Science.

Edmone Roffael (1939–2021) was a Palestinian-German chemist and wood scientist, and former professor at the Georg-August University of Göttingen, who made noteworthy contributions to clarifying the release of formaldehyde from particleboard and MDF products, and its emission reduction.

Josef Franz Gierer is an Austrian-born Swedish emeritus professor of organic chemistry and wood scientist specializing in lignin research, who is a member of the International Academy of Wood Science and honorary recipient of the Anselme Payen Award.

References

  1. ↑ "Wood science". Google Scholar. Retrieved 2023-10-20.
  2. ↑ "Springer Handbook of Wood Science and Technology". Springer Handbooks. Cham: Springer International Publishing. 2023. p. 25-26. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-81315-4. ISBN   978-3-030-81314-7. ISSN   2522-8692. S2CID   257902863.
  3. ↑ Mai, Carsten; Schmitt, Uwe; Niemz, Peter (2021-12-31). "A brief overview on the development of wood research". Holzforschung. 76 (2). Walter de Gruyter GmbH: 102–119. doi: 10.1515/hf-2021-0155 . hdl: 20.500.11850/524024 . ISSN   0018-3830. S2CID   245594339.
  4. ↑ Bowyer, J. L. (2000-10-05). "Wood science in a changing world - Where are we headed?". Wood Science and Technology. 34 (3): 175–181. doi:10.1007/s002260000049. ISSN   0043-7719.
  5. ↑ "Forest Products Laboratory". US Forest Service Research and Development. 2023-10-12. Retrieved 2023-10-20.
  6. ↑ Köstler, J.N.; Kollmann, F.; v. Massov, V. (1960). Denkschrift zur Lage der Forstwirtschaft und Holzforschung. Wies-baden: Wiesbaden: Steiner. pp. 2–3.
  7. ↑ Mai, Carsten; Schmitt, Uwe; Niemz, Peter (2021-12-31). "A brief overview on the development of wood research". Holzforschung. 76 (2). Walter de Gruyter GmbH: 102. doi: 10.1515/hf-2021-0155 . hdl: 20.500.11850/524024 . ISSN   0018-3830. S2CID   245594339.
  8. ↑ Bowyer, J. L. (2000-10-05). "Wood science in a changing world - Where are we headed?". Wood Science and Technology. 34 (3): 176–177. doi:10.1007/s002260000049. ISSN   0043-7719.
  9. ↑ Sonderegger, Walter; Niemz, Peter (2021). Physik des Holzes und der Holzwerkstoffe. Carl Hanser. pp. 27–35. doi:10.3139/9783446445468.002. S2CID   187780277.
  10. ↑ "The International Academy of Wood Science". The International Academy of Wood Science. 2012-11-14. Retrieved 2023-10-19.
  11. ↑ "International Academy of Wood Science UIA Yearbook Profile". 1966-06-02. Retrieved 2023-10-19.
  12. ↑ "Springer Handbook of Wood Science and Technology". Springer Handbooks. Cham: Springer International Publishing. 2023. p. 25. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-81315-4. ISBN   978-3-030-81314-7. ISSN   2522-8692. S2CID   257902863.
  13. ↑ "Welcome". Inside Wood. 2010-03-27. Retrieved 2023-10-16.
  14. ↑ Wood handbook—Wood as an engineering material (PDF). Gen. Tech. Rep. FPL–GTR–113. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory.: Forest Products Laboratory. 1999. p. 463.
  15. ↑ "Wood Science & Technology". Google Scholar Metrics. Retrieved 2023-10-16.
  16. ↑ "Holzforschung". De Gruyter (in German). Retrieved 2023-10-16.
  17. ↑ "European Journal of Wood and Wood Products". Springer. 2023-10-13. Retrieved 2023-10-16.
  18. ↑ "Wood Science and Technology (Journal of The International Academy of Wood Science)". Springer. 2023-10-11. Retrieved 2023-10-16.
  19. ↑ "Wood Material Science & Engineering". Taylor & Francis. 2023-10-09. Retrieved 2023-10-16.
  20. ↑ "Cellulose". Springer. 2023-10-19. Retrieved 2023-10-21.
  21. ↑ http://www.jwrs.org/english/journals/mkz-e/ In japanese, Wood Science and Technology, Japanese Scientific Journal of Wood Sciences (The Japan Wood Research Society)
  22. ↑ "Journal of Wood Science". SpringerOpen. 2023-09-19. Retrieved 2023-10-16.
  23. ↑ "BioResources". BioResources. 2023-10-21. Retrieved 2023-10-21.
  24. ↑ "IAWA Journal". Brill. 2017-07-01. Retrieved 2023-10-21.
  25. ↑ "Home Page". Maderas. Ciencia y tecnología. 1990-01-06. Retrieved 2023-10-16.
  26. ↑ "Wood Research – Slovak Forest Products Research Institute". woodresearch.sk. 2023-10-21. Retrieved 2023-10-21.
  27. ↑ "Journal of Wood Chemistry and Technology". Taylor & Francis. 2023-10-04. Retrieved 2023-10-21.
  28. ↑ "Forest Products Journal - Forest Product Society".
  29. ↑ "Forest Products Journal". meridian.allenpress.com. Retrieved 2023-10-16.
  30. ↑ Morrell, Jeffrey (2023-08-16). "Wood and Fiber Science". Wood and Fiber Science. Retrieved 2023-10-16.
  31. ↑ "Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology". Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology. Retrieved 2023-11-18.
  32. ↑ "International Wood Products Journal". Taylor & Francis. 2023-08-21. Retrieved 2023-10-26.
  33. ↑ "Scientific journal of wood technology". DRVNA INDUSTRIJA. Retrieved 2023-10-26.
  34. ↑ https://www.drewno-wood.pl/ Drewno (Wood), Polish Scientific Journal of Wood (Poznan Institute of Technology)
  35. ↑ "Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Industries". مجله صنایع چوب و کاغذ ایران. 2022-09-11. Retrieved 2023-10-26.
  36. ↑ Yadav, Ronak; Gupta, Sangeeta; Verma, P. K.; Sharma, Upasna (2024-03-11). "Journal of the Indian Academy of Wood Science". SpringerLink. Retrieved 2024-03-12.
  37. ↑ "Springer Handbook of Wood Science and Technology". Springer Handbooks. Cham: Springer International Publishing. 2023. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-81315-4. ISBN   978-3-030-81314-7. ISSN   2522-8692. S2CID   257902863.
  38. ↑ "Science and Technology of Wood – Structure, Properties, Utilization (Tsoumis, G.) – Verlag Kessel". Verlag Kessel – Wir machen Bücher. (in German). Retrieved 2023-10-27.
  39. ↑ Hill, Callum A. S. (2006-01-13). Wood Modification. Wiley. doi:10.1002/0470021748. ISBN   978-0-470-02172-9.
  40. ↑ Kollmann, Franz F. P.; Kuenzi, Edward W.; Stamm, Alfred J. (1975). Principles of Wood Science and Technology. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-87931-9. ISBN   978-3-642-87933-3. S2CID   40781396.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.