Zachary D. Kaufman

Last updated
Zachary D. Kaufman
Zachary Kaufman.jpg
Born
Zachary Daniel Coleman Kaufman

(1979-02-17) February 17, 1979 (age 44)
Houston, Texas, U.S.
EducationYale University (B.A.)

University of Oxford (M.Phil., D.Phil. / Ph.D.)

Yale Law School (J.D.)
SpouseElizabeth Katz (m. 2015)
Children1
Website www.zacharykaufman.com (personal)

Zachary Daniel Coleman Kaufman (born February 17, 1979) is a law professor, political scientist, author, and social entrepreneur. [1] He is currently associate professor of Law and Political Science at the University of Houston Law Center, where he teaches Criminal Law, International Law, and International and Transitional Justice. [2] He also holds appointments at the university's Department of Political Science, Hobby School of Public Affairs, and Elizabeth D. Rockwell Center on Ethics and Leadership. [2] Kaufman specializes in criminal law, international law, international and transitional justice, international courts and tribunals, human rights, atrocity crimes (including genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity), atrocity prevention and response, legislation (including Bad Samaritan laws), bystanders and upstanders, U.S. foreign policy and national security, the United Nations, social entrepreneurship, and Africa (particularly Rwanda). [2]

Contents

Positions, affiliations, and fellowships

Current

Previous

Awards

Kaufman has received recognition for his academic and public service work, [23] including:

Education

Kaufman is a graduate of Suncrest Middle School, Shady Side Academy, Yale University, the University of Oxford (where he was a Marshall Scholar), [27] [28] and Yale Law School.

In 2000, Kaufman received his Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) degree in political science from Yale University, where he was the student body president, [29] [30] [31] co-captain of the Yale Wrestling Team, [29] and an All-American and Runner-up National Champion in the National Collegiate Wrestling Association. [32]

In 2004, Kaufman received his M.Phil. (Master's) degree in International Relations from the University of Oxford, where he served on the executive committee of the Magdalen College Trust, his residential college's grant-making charity.

In 2009, Kaufman received his Juris Doctor (JD) degree from Yale Law School, where he served as Editor-in-Chief of the Yale Law & Policy Review . [33] [34]

In 2012, Kaufman received his D.Phil. (PhD) degree in International Relations from the University of Oxford. [35]

Scholarship

Kaufman is an author and lecturer.

To date, Kaufman has published three books. He is the author of United States Law and Policy on Transitional Justice: Principles, Politics, and Pragmatics. [36] He is the co-editor (with Dr. Phil Clark) and co-author of After Genocide: Transitional Justice, Post-Conflict Reconstruction, and Reconciliation in Rwanda and Beyond. [37] He is also the editor and co-author of Social Entrepreneurship in the Age of Atrocities: Changing Our World. [38]

Kaufman's research has been published by a variety of scholarly journals, including:

Kaufman's commentary has been published by a variety of popular outlets, including:

Kaufman has delivered speeches and lectures at a variety of institutions around the world, including at law schools, political science departments, public policy schools, and business schools in the United States (e.g., Harvard University, Yale University, Stanford University, Columbia University, New York University, Georgetown University, George Washington University, Dartmouth College, University of Michigan, Johns Hopkins University, United States Naval Academy, American University) and abroad (e.g., University of Oxford, University of Cambridge, London School of Economics and Political Science, King's College London, University of London's School of Oriental and African Studies).[ citation needed ]

Founding of the Kigali Public Library

Kaufman was instrumental in the founding of the Kigali Public Library (also known as Rwanda Library Services), [71] [72] [73] [74] which is Rwanda’s first public library. [75] The library became operational in April 2012, offering 12,000 books. [76] Kaufman is the founder, president, and chairman of the Board of Directors of the American Friends of the Kigali Public Library and an Honorary Member of the Rotary Club of Kigali-Virunga, Rwanda. [77]

Representative publications

Books

Chapters

  • "Transitional Justice Delayed Is Not Transitional Justice Denied: Contemporary Confrontation of Japanese Human Experimentation During World War II Through a People’s Tribunal." People’s Tribunals, Human Rights, and the Law 163 (Regina Paulose ed., 2020). [79]
  • "United Nations International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda." Encyclopedia of Transitional Justice. Eds. Nadya Nedelsky & Lavinia Stan. (2d ed. forthcoming 2019). [80]
  • With Phil Clark. "Rwanda: Recent History." Africa South of the Sahara 2016. Ed. Iain Frame. London, UK: Routledge, 2015. 969-77
  • With Phil Clark. "Rwanda: Recent History." Africa South of the Sahara 2015. Ed. Iain Frame. London, UK: Routledge, 2014. 971–79. [81]
  • "Transitional Justice as Genocide Prevention: From a Culture of Impunity to a Culture of Accountability." Confronting Genocide in Rwanda: Dehumanization, Denial, and Strategies for Prevention. Eds. Jean-Damascene Gasanabo, David J. Simon & Margee M. Ensign. Kigali, Rwanda: The National Commission for the Fight Against Genocide, 2014. 363–84. [82]
  • With Phil Clark. "Rwanda: Recent History." Africa South of the Sahara 2014. Ed. Iain Frame. London, UK: Routledge, 2013. 980–88. [83]
  • International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda." Encyclopedia of Transitional Justice. Eds. Lavinia Stan and Nadya Nedelsky. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2012. 233–37. [84]
  • "With Phil Clark. "Rwanda: Recent History." Africa South of the Sahara 2013. Ed. Iain Frame. London, UK: Routledge, 2012. 984–92. [85]
  • "Social Entrepreneurship in the Age of Atrocities: Introduction." Social Entrepreneurship in the Age of Atrocities: Changing Our World. Ed. Zachary D. Kaufman. Edward Elgar Publishing, Inc., 2012. 1–19. [86]
  • "Social Entrepreneurship in a Post-Genocide Society: Building Rwanda's First Public Library, the Kigali Public Library." Social Entrepreneurship in the Age of Atrocities: Changing Our World. Ed. Zachary D. Kaufman. Edward Elgar Publishing, Inc., 2012. 58–82. [87]
  • "Social Entrepreneurship in the Age of Atrocities: Lessons Learned and Conclusion." Social Entrepreneurship in the Age of Atrocities: Changing Our World. Ed. Zachary D. Kaufman. Edward Elgar Publishing, Inc., 2012. 189–221. [88]
  • "Appendix: Social Entrepreneurship Resources and Institutions." Social Entrepreneurship in the Age of Atrocities: Changing Our World. Ed. Zachary D. Kaufman. Edward Elgar Publishing, Inc., 2012. 225–45. [89]
  • With Phil Clark. "Rwanda: Recent History." Africa South of the Sahara 2012. Ed. Iain Frame. London, UK: Routledge, 2011. 993–1001. [90]
  • With Phil Clark. "Rwanda: Recent History." Africa South of the Sahara 2011. Ed. Iain Frame. London, UK: Routledge, 2010. 977–85. [91]
  • With Phil Clark. "Rwanda: Recent History." Africa South of the Sahara 2010. Ed. Iain Frame. London, UK: Routledge, 2009. 968–76. [92]
  • With Phil Clark. "Rwanda: Recent History." Africa South of the Sahara 2009. Ed. Iain Frame. London, UK: Routledge, 2008. 924–31. [93]
  • With Phil Clark. "After Genocide." After Genocide: Transitional Justice, Post-Conflict Reconstruction, and Reconciliation in Rwanda and Beyond. Eds. Phil Clark and Zachary D. Kaufman. Oxford University Press, 2016. 1–19. [94]
  • "The United States Role in the Establishment of the United Nations International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda." After Genocide: Transitional Justice, Post-Conflict Reconstruction, and Reconciliation in Rwanda and Beyond. Eds. Phil Clark and Zachary D. Kaufman. Oxford University Press, 2016. 229–60. [95]
  • With Phil Clark and Kalypso Nicolaidis. "Tensions in Transitional Justice." After Genocide: Transitional Justice, Post-Conflict Reconstruction, and Reconciliation in Rwanda and Beyond. Eds. Phil Clark and Zachary D. Kaufman. Oxford University Press, 2016. 381–91. [96]
  • With Phil Clark. "Rwanda: Recent History." Africa South of the Sahara 2008. Ed. Iain Frame. London, UK: Routledge, 2007. 927–34. [97]
  • "Sudan, the United States, and the International Criminal Court: A Tense Triumvirate in Transitional Justice for Darfur." The Criminal Law of Genocide: International, Comparative, and Contextual Aspects. Eds. Ralph Henham and Paul Behrens. Aldershot, UK: Ashgate, 2007. 49–60.
  • With Phil Clark. "Rwanda: Recent History." Africa South of the Sahara 2007. Ed. Iain Frame. London, UK: Routledge, 2006. 935–42. [98]
  • With Pierre-Richard St. Hilaire. "The Rwandan Experience." Rwanda and South Africa in Dialogue: Addressing the Legacies of Genocide and a Crime Against Humanity. Eds. Charles Villa-Vicencio and Tyrone Savage. Institute of Justice and Reconciliation, 2001. 41–45. [99]

Reviews

  • Review of The Pinochet Effect: Transnational Justice in the Age of Human Rights, by Naomi Roht-Arriaza. Yale Journal of International Law. Vol. 32, Issue 1 (Winter 2007): 297–300. [100]
  • Review of Designing Criminal Tribunals: Sovereignty and International Concerns in the Protection of Human Rights, by Steven D. Roper and Lilian A. Barria. Yale Human Rights and Development Law Journal. Volume 10 (2006–07): 209–14. [101]

Journal articles

Academic

  • "Digital Age Samaritans." Boston College Law Review. Volume 62 (2021). 1117–1192. [102]
  • "Legislating Atrocity Prevention." Harvard Journal on Legislation. Volume 57 (2020). 163–218. [103]
  • "Protectors of Predators or Prey: Bystanders and Upstanders Amid Sexual Crimes." Southern California Law Review. Volume 92 (2019). 1317–1406. [104]
  • "Lessons from Rwanda: Post-Genocide Law and Policy." Stanford Law & Policy Review Online, 2019. [105]
  • "The Prospects, Problems, and Proliferation of Recent UN Investigations of International Law Violations." Journal of International Criminal Justice. Volume 16, Issue 1 (2018). 93–112. [106]
  • "From the Aztecs to the Kalahari Bushmen - Conservative Justices' Citation of Foreign Sources: Consistency, Inconsistency, or Evolution?" Yale Journal of International Law Online. Volume 41 (2015). 1–8. [107]
  • "Transitional Justice for Tojo's Japan: The United States Role in the Establishment of the International Military Tribunal for the Far East and Other Transitional Justice Mechanisms for Japan After World War II." Emory International Law Review. Volume 27, Issue 2 (2013). 755–98. [108]
  • "The United States, Syria, and the International Criminal Court: Implications of the Rome Statute’s Aggression Amendment." Harvard International Law Journal Online. Volume 55 (2013). 1–14. [109]
  • "Comment" (on "Managing the Rule of Law in the Americas"). Inter-American Law Review. Volume 42, Issue 3 (Spring 2011). 253–60. [110]
  • "The Nuremberg Tribunal v. The Tokyo Tribunal: Designs, Staffs, and Operations." John Marshall Law Review. Volume 43, Issue 3 (Fall 2010). 753–68. [111]
  • "Transitional Justice Delayed is not Transitional Justice Denied: Contemporary Confrontation of Japanese Human Experimentation During World War II Through a People's Tribunal." Yale Law & Policy Review. Vol. 26, Issue 2 (Spring 2008). 645–59. [112]
  • "No Right to Fight: The Modern Implications of Japan's Pacifist Postwar Constitution." Yale Journal of International Law. Vol. 33, Issue 1 (Winter 2008). 266–73. [113]
  • "Justice in Jeopardy: Accountability for the Darfur Atrocities." Criminal Law Forum. Volume 16, Issue 4 (April 2006): 343–60. [114]
  • "The Future of Transitional Justice." St. Antony’s International Review. Volume 1, Number 1 (March 2005): 58–81. [115]

Practitioner

  • "Making Social and Environmental Impact Through Legal Careers: The Top 10 Roles for Attorneys in Social Entrepreneurship." Law For Change. August 2013. 1–16. [116]
  • With Theodore W. Kassinger and Heather L. Traeger. "Democratizing Entrepreneurship: An Overview of the Past, Present, and Future of Crowdfunding." Bloomberg BNA Securities Regulation and Law Report. Volume 45, Number 5 (February 2013). 208–17. [117]
  • "Youth and Social Entrepreneurship." Diplomatic Courier. Volume 7, Issue 1 (January / February 2013). 68–69. [118]
  • With K. Lee Blalack and David J. Leviss. "Preparing for Aggressive Congressional Investigations in 2013." Corporate Counsel. 6 June 2012. [119]

Opinion pieces

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Genocide</span> Intentional destruction of a people

Genocide is the intentional destruction of a people in whole or in part. In 1948, the United Nations Genocide Convention defined genocide as any of five "acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group." These five acts were: killing members of the group, causing them serious bodily or mental harm, imposing living conditions intended to destroy the group, preventing births, and forcibly transferring children out of the group. Victims are targeted because of their real or perceived membership of a group, not randomly.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia</span> 1993–2017 Netherlands-based United Nations ad hoc court

The International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) was a body of the United Nations that was established to prosecute the war crimes that had been committed during the Yugoslav Wars and to try their perpetrators. The tribunal was an ad hoc court located in The Hague, Netherlands.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Crimes against humanity</span> Authoritative and systemic acts that severely violate human rights

Crimes against humanity are widespread or systemic criminal acts which are committed by or on behalf of a de facto authority, usually by or on behalf of a state, that grossly violate human rights. Unlike war crimes, crimes against humanity do not have to take place within the context of wars, and they apply to widespread practices rather than acts which are committed by individuals. Although crimes against humanity apply to acts which are committed by or on behalf of authorities, they do not need to be part of an official policy, and they only need to be tolerated by authorities. The first prosecution for crimes against humanity took place during the Nuremberg trials. Initially considered for legal use, widely in international law, following the Holocaust, a global standard of human rights was articulated in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948). Political groups or states that violate or incite violations of human rights norms, as they are listed in the Declaration, are expressions of the political pathologies which are associated with crimes against humanity.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda</span> 1994 court of the United Nations Security Council

The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda was an international court established in November 1994 by the United Nations Security Council in Resolution 955 in order to judge people responsible for the Rwandan genocide and other serious violations of international law in Rwanda, or by Rwandan citizens in nearby states, between 1 January and 31 December 1994. The court eventually convicted 61 individuals and acquitted 14.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Victor's justice</span> Pejorative term

Victor's justice is a term which is used in reference to a distorted application of justice to the defeated party by the victorious party after an armed conflict. Victor's justice generally involves the excessive or unjustified punishment of defeated parties and the light punishment of or clemency for offenses which have been committed by victors. Victors' justice can be used in reference to manifestations of a difference in rules which can amount to hypocrisy and revenge or retributive justice leading to injustice. Victors' justice may also refer to a misrepresentation of historical recording of the events and actions of the losing party throughout or preceding the conflict.

The Gacaca courts were a system of community justice in Rwanda following the 1994 genocide. The term 'gacaca' can be translated as 'short grass' referring to the public space where neighborhood male elders (abagabo) used to meet to solve local problems. The name of this system was then adopted in 2001 as the title of the state's new criminal justice system "Gacaca Courts" to try those deemed responsible for the 1994 Rwandan genocide where over an estimated 500,000 people were killed, tortured and raped. In 1994, the United Nations Security Council created the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda to try high-ranking government and army officials accused of genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity. The Gacaca Courts were established in law in 2001, began to operate on a trial basis in 2002 and eventually came to operate as trials throughout the country by early 2007.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">International criminal law</span> Public international law

International criminal law (ICL) is a body of public international law designed to prohibit certain categories of conduct commonly viewed as serious atrocities and to make perpetrators of such conduct criminally accountable for their perpetration. The core crimes under international law are genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and the crime of aggression.

Transitional justice is a process which responds to massive human rights violations through judicial redress, political reforms in a region or country, and other measures in order to prevent the recurrence of human rights abuse. Transitional justice consists of judicial and non-judicial measures implemented in order to redress legacies of human rights abuses. Such mechanisms "include criminal prosecutions, truth commissions, reparations programs, and various kinds of institutional reforms" as well as memorials, apologies, and various art forms. Transitional justice is instituted at a point of political transition classically from war to positive peace, or more broadly from violence and repression to societal stability and it is informed by a society's desire to rebuild social trust, reestablish what is right from what is wrong, repair a fractured justice system, and build a democratic system of governance. The core value of transitional justice is the very notion of justice—which does not necessarily mean criminal justice. This notion and the political transformation, such as regime change or transition from conflict are thus linked to a more peaceful, certain, and democratic future.

Gregory H. Stanton is the former Research Professor in Genocide Studies and Prevention at the George Mason University in Fairfax County, Virginia, United States. He is best known for his work in the area of genocide studies. He is the founder and president of Genocide Watch, the founder and director of the Cambodian Genocide Project, and the Chair of the Alliance Against Genocide. From 2007 to 2009 he was the president of the International Association of Genocide Scholars.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Stephen Rapp</span> American politician

Stephen J. Rapp is an American lawyer and the former United States Ambassador-at-Large for War Crimes Issues in the Office of Global Criminal Justice.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">William Schabas</span> Canadian academic (born 1950)

William Anthony Schabas, OC is a Canadian academic specialising in international criminal and human rights law. He is professor of international law at Middlesex University in the United Kingdom, professor of international human law and human rights at Leiden University in the Netherlands, and an internationally respected expert on human rights law, genocide and the death penalty. Schabas has been described as "the world expert on the law of genocide and international law."

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Charles A. Adeogun-Phillips</span>

Charles Ayodeji Adeogun-Phillips is a former United Nations genocide and war crimes prosecutor, international lawyer and founder of Charles Anthony (Lawyers) LLP.

An atrocity crime is a violation of international criminal law that falls under the historically three legally defined international crimes of genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity. Ethnic cleansing is widely regarded as a fourth mass atrocity crime by legal scholars and international non-governmental organizations (NGOs) working in the field, despite not yet being recognized as an independent crime under international law.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Incitement to genocide</span> Crime under international law

Incitement to genocide is a crime under international law which prohibits inciting (encouraging) the commission of genocide. An extreme form of hate speech, incitement to genocide is considered an inchoate offense and is theoretically subject to prosecution even if genocide does not occur, although charges have never been brought in an international court without mass violence having occurred. "Direct and public incitement to commit genocide" was forbidden by the Genocide Convention in 1948. Incitement to genocide is often cloaked in metaphor and euphemism and may take many forms beyond direct advocacy, including dehumanization and accusation in a mirror. Historically, incitement to genocide has played a significant role in the commission of genocide, including the Armenian genocide, the Holocaust and the Rwandan genocide.

Gregory S. Gordon is an American scholar of international law and a former genocide prosecutor during the Media Case at the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda. Gordon is known for his advocacy of the criminalization under international law of a broader category of speech likely to cause mass atrocities, and his book Atrocity Speech Law in which he advances this argument.

Genocidal intent is the mens rea for the crime of genocide. "Intent to destroy" is one of the elements of the crime of genocide according to the 1948 Genocide Convention. There are some analytic differences between the concept of intent under national criminal law, where responsibility for a murder is ascribed to an individual based on their mental state, and international law. Under international law, responsibility falls upon individuals in their capacities as members of certain organizations or other official roles. The intent for genocide is less direct. An international court might look at whether the defendant participated in planning the genocidal acts, perhaps within the auspices of a certain organizational structure, or whether they acted with knowledge of such a preconceived plan.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Genocides in history</span> Overview of genocide in a historical context

Genocide is the deliberate and systematic destruction, in whole or in part, of an ethnic, racial, religious, or national group. The term was coined in 1944 by Raphael Lemkin. It is defined in Article 2 of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (CPPCG) of 1948 as "any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial, or religious group, as such: killing members of the group; causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group; deliberately inflicting on the group's conditions of life, calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part; imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group; [and] forcibly transferring children of the group to another group."

Jennifer Trahan is an American legal scholar and academic. She is a Clinical Professor at New York University's Center for Global Affairs and directs their Concentration in International Law and Human Rights.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Asoka De Zoysa Gunawardana</span> Sri Lankan judge

Asoka De Zoysa Gunawardana was a Sri Lankan judge of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) from 1999 to 2004. He was also a judge of the Appeals Chamber of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) and the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) from 2001 to 2004.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Beth Van Schaack</span> American diplomat

Beth Van Schaack is an American attorney and academic who serves as the United States ambassador-at-large for global criminal justice.

References

  1. ↑ "Zachary D. Kaufman". www.zacharykaufman.com. Retrieved 2021-05-21.
  2. 1 2 3 "Zachary D. Kaufman, J.D., Ph.D. - University of Houston Law Center". www.law.uh.edu. Retrieved 2021-05-21.
  3. ↑ "Executive Committee - Yale Law School". law.yale.edu. Retrieved 2021-05-21.
  4. ↑ "UH Law Center Professor Kaufman named to Marshall Scholarship selection committee". www.law.uh.edu. Retrieved 2021-05-21.
  5. ↑ "UH Law Center's Kaufman elected to leadership of American Society of International Law's Human Rights Interest Group". www.law.uh.edu.
  6. ↑ "Human Rights | ASIL". www.asil.org. Retrieved 2021-05-21.
  7. ↑ "UH Law Center Associate Professor Kaufman joins leadership of AALS' human rights section". www.law.uh.edu. Retrieved 2021-05-21.
  8. ↑ "AALS Sections". memberaccess.aals.org. Retrieved 2021-05-21.
  9. ↑ "Zachary D. Kaufman | Activities". www.zacharykaufman.com. Retrieved 2021-05-21.
  10. ↑ "The Leadership of the Association of Marshall Scholars". Association of Marshall Scholars. Retrieved 2021-05-21.
  11. ↑ "Genocide Watch- Directors and Advisors". genocidewatch. Retrieved 2021-05-21.
  12. ↑ "Zachary Kaufman". Humanity in Action. Retrieved 2021-05-21.
  13. ↑ "USA - Governance". Humanity in Action. Retrieved 2021-05-21.
  14. ↑ "Zachary D. Kaufman". carrcenter.hks.harvard.edu. Retrieved 2021-05-23.
  15. ↑ "Turning Bystanders into Upstanders Amid Sexual Crimes". Stanford Law School. 10 August 2018. Retrieved 2021-05-23.
  16. ↑ "International Affairs Fellowship". Council on Foreign Relations. Retrieved 2021-05-23.
  17. ↑ "Zachary Kaufman to serve on US Senate Foreign Relations Committee". www.politics.ox.ac.uk. Retrieved 2021-05-23.
  18. ↑ "Zachary D. Kaufman". Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs. Retrieved 2021-05-23.
  19. ↑ "Supreme Court Fellows - Supreme Court of the United States". www.supremecourt.gov. Retrieved 2021-05-23.
  20. ↑ "Council on Foreign Relations". Council on Foreign Relations. Retrieved 2021-05-23.
  21. 1 2 "Zachary D. Kaufman | Activities". www.zacharykaufman.com. Retrieved 2021-05-23.
  22. ↑ University, © Stanford; Stanford; Complaints, California 94305 Copyright. "Zachary Kaufman". cddrl.fsi.stanford.edu. Retrieved 2021-05-23.
  23. ↑ "Zachary D. Kaufman | Awards & Honors". www.zacharykaufman.com. Retrieved 2021-05-23.
  24. ↑ "Zachary D. Kaufman | Awards & Honors". www.zacharykaufman.com. Retrieved 2016-07-20.
  25. ↑ "Zachary D. Kaufman". 5 September 2011.
  26. ↑ "Senior Fellow Awards". Archived from the original on 2021-05-24. Retrieved 2021-05-23.
  27. ↑ "Four from Yale Named Marshall Scholarship Winners". YaleNews. December 7, 2001.
  28. ↑ "Scholar Profiles - Marshall Scholarships". www.marshallscholarship.org.
  29. 1 2 "Four from Yale Named Marshall Scholarship Winners". YaleNews. 2001-12-07. Retrieved 2021-05-23.
  30. ↑ "Kaufman '00 wins presidency" (PDF).
  31. ↑ "The Dominion Post" (PDF).
  32. ↑ "1998 NCWA Championships".
  33. ↑ "Yale Law & Policy Review" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-09-28. Retrieved 2013-09-25.
  34. ↑ "Yale Law & Policy Review" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-09-28. Retrieved 2012-05-01.
  35. ↑ "bio". zacharykaufman.com. Retrieved 2021-11-24.
  36. ↑ "United States Law and Policy on Transitional Justice: Principles, Politics, and Pragmatics - Zachary D. Kaufman". www.transitionaljustice-book.com. Retrieved 2016-07-20.
  37. 1 2 "After Genocide | Transitional Justice, Post-Conflict Reconstruction & Reconciliation in Rwanda and Beyond Phil Clark and Zachary D. Kaufman, editors".
  38. 1 2 "Home | SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN THE AGE OF ATROCITIES". www.socialentrepreneurship-book.com.
  39. ↑ Kaufman, Zachary D. (2011-09-09). "Transitional Justice Delayed Is Not Transitional Justice Denied: Contemporary Confrontation of Japanese Human Experimentation During World War II Through a People's Tribunal". Rochester, NY. SSRN   1924030.
  40. ↑ Kaufman, Zachary D. (2008). "No Right to Fight: The Modern Implications of Japan's Pacifist Postwar Constitution". Rochester, NY. SSRN   1913100.
  41. ↑ Kaufman, Zachary D. (2015). "From the Aztecs to the Kalahari Bushmen -- Conservative Justices' Citation of Foreign Sources: Consistency, Inconsistency, or Evolution?". Rochester, NY. SSRN   2638906.
  42. ↑ Kaufman, Zachary D. (2006). "Book Review: Naomi Roht-Arriaza, The Pinochet Effect: Transnational Justice in the Age of Human Rights". Rochester, NY. SSRN   1912948.
  43. ↑ Kaufman, Zachary D. (2007). "Book Review: Designing Criminal Tribunals: Sovereignty and International Concerns in the Protection of Human Rights, by Steven D. Roper & Lilian A. Barria". Rochester, NY. SSRN   1923724.
  44. ↑ Kaufman, Zachary D. (2013-12-04). "The United States, Syria, and the International Criminal Court: Implications of the Rome Statute's Aggression Amendment". Rochester, NY. SSRN   2367262.
  45. ↑ Kaufman, Zachary D. (2020). "Legislating Atrocity Prevention". Rochester, NY. SSRN   3484442.
  46. ↑ Kaufman, Zachary D. (2019-08-02). "Lessons from Rwanda: Post-Genocide Law and Policy". Rochester, NY. SSRN   3431422.
  47. ↑ Kaufman, Zachary D. (2020-12-01). "Digital Age Samaritans". Rochester, NY. SSRN   3741017.
  48. ↑ Kaufman, Zachary D. (2019-12-08). "Protectors of Predators or Prey: Bystanders and Upstanders Amid Sexual Crimes". Rochester, NY. SSRN   3153253.
  49. ↑ Kaufman, Zachary D. (2013). "Transitional Justice for T ōjō's Japan: The United States Role in the Establishment of the International Military Tribunal for the Far East and Other Transitional Justice Mechanisms for Japan after World War II". Rochester, NY. SSRN   2408714.
  50. ↑ Kaufman, Zachary D. (2018). "The Prospects, Problems, and Proliferation of Recent UN Investigations of International Law Violations". Rochester, NY. SSRN   3128436.
  51. 1 2 "Zachary D. Kaufman | Writing – Published". www.zacharykaufman.com. Retrieved 2021-05-25.
  52. ↑ "Opinion | If Not Peace, Then Justice". The New York Times. 2006-04-16. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved 2021-05-25.
  53. ↑ "Opinion | Young Americans, Doing Good". The New York Times. 2006-03-24. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved 2021-05-25.
  54. ↑ "Opinion | What Does a Terrorist Look Like? (8 Letters)". The New York Times. 2005-07-31. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved 2021-05-25.
  55. ↑ "Opinion | Darfur, Now That We Know... (7 Letters)". The New York Times. 2005-02-24. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved 2021-05-25.
  56. ↑ "Opinion | An African Tragedy". The New York Times. 2004-03-27. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved 2021-05-25.
  57. ↑ "Opinion | Hunting War Criminals". The New York Times. 2003-04-26. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved 2021-05-25.
  58. ↑ "Opinion | U.S. and Iraq: The Ground Shifts". The New York Times. 2002-09-19. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved 2021-05-25.
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  124. ↑ Kaufman, Zachary D. (October 11, 2017). "Jesner v. Arab Bank: U.S. Foreign Policy and National Security Interests". SSRN   3051250 – via papers.ssrn.com.
  125. ↑ Kaufman, Zachary D. (5 October 2017). "Give the Nobel Peace Prize Posthumously by Zachary D. Kaufman" – via papers.ssrn.com.
  126. ↑ Kaufman, Zachary D. (September 28, 2017). "New UN Team Investigating ISIS Atrocities Raises Questions About Justice in Iraq and Beyond". SSRN   3044527 – via papers.ssrn.com.
  127. ↑ Kaufman, Zachary D. (August 4, 2016). "Islam is (Also) a Religion of Peace". SSRN   2818787 – via papers.ssrn.com.
  128. ↑ Kaufman, Zachary D. (July 17, 2016). "Transitions in Transitional Justice". SSRN   2819272 – via papers.ssrn.com.
  129. ↑ Kaufman, Zachary D. (June 30, 2016). "Term Limits at Home and Abroad". SSRN   2819269 – via papers.ssrn.com.
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  131. ↑ Kaufman, Zachary D. (April 11, 2016). "Addressing Japanese Atrocities". SSRN   2819223 – via papers.ssrn.com.
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