1030

Last updated

Millennium: 2nd millennium
Centuries:
Decades:
Years:
1030 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar 1030
MXXX
Ab urbe condita 1783
Armenian calendar 479
ԹՎ ՆՀԹ
Assyrian calendar 5780
Balinese saka calendar 951–952
Bengali calendar 437
Berber calendar 1980
English Regnal year N/A
Buddhist calendar 1574
Burmese calendar 392
Byzantine calendar 6538–6539
Chinese calendar 己巳年 (Earth  Snake)
3726 or 3666
     to 
庚午年 (Metal  Horse)
3727 or 3667
Coptic calendar 746–747
Discordian calendar 2196
Ethiopian calendar 1022–1023
Hebrew calendar 4790–4791
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat 1086–1087
 - Shaka Samvat 951–952
 - Kali Yuga 4130–4131
Holocene calendar 11030
Igbo calendar 30–31
Iranian calendar 408–409
Islamic calendar 420–421
Japanese calendar Chōgen 3
(長元3年)
Javanese calendar 932–933
Julian calendar 1030
MXXX
Korean calendar 3363
Minguo calendar 882 before ROC
民前882年
Nanakshahi calendar −438
Seleucid era 1341/1342 AG
Thai solar calendar 1572–1573
Tibetan calendar 阴土蛇年
(female Earth-Snake)
1156 or 775 or 3
     to 
阳金马年
(male Iron-Horse)
1157 or 776 or 4
King Olaf II (left) is killed at Stiklestad. Arbo-Olav den helliges fall i slaget pa Stiklestad.jpg
King Olaf II (left) is killed at Stiklestad.

Year 1030 ( MXXX ) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar, the 1030th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 30th year of the 2nd millennium, the 30th year of the 11th century, and the 1st year of the 1030s decade.

Contents

Events

By place

Byzantine Empire

  • Emperor Romanos III Argyros decides to retaliate upon the incursions of the Muslims on the eastern frontier. He leads a Byzantine expeditionary force (20,000 men) to secure Antioch. The Mirdasid emir Shibl al-Dawla Nasr of Aleppo sues for peace, but Romanos refuses to negotiate and leads his army against Aleppo, against the advice of his generals. The Byzantine army encamps near Azaz, where they are encircled by the Mirdasids' Bedouin troops, who cut off the Byzantines from food and water.
  • 10 August Romanos orders a retreat to Antioch. As the army is exhausted from the heat and the lack of supplies, the retreat soon turns into a flight in panic. Romanos returns to Constantinople in humiliation but his generals on the eastern frontier manage to salvage the situation: a Fatimid attack on Maraclea is repulsed, and Azaz itself is captured in December after a brief siege. In April/May 1031, Emir Nasr of Aleppo agreed to vassal and tributary status with Byzantium. [1]

Europe

  • June Emperor Conrad II (the Elder) leads an invasion into Hungary. He plunders the lands west of the River Rába, but suffers from consequences of the scorched earth tactics used by the Hungarians. Conrad, threatened by starvation, is forced to retreat back to Germany. King Stephen I pursues his forces, which are defeated and captured by the Hungarians at Vienna.
  • July 29Battle of Stiklestad: King Olaf II Haraldsson (St. Olaf) attempts to reconquer Norway with help from King Anund Jakob of Sweden. He is defeated by a superior Norwegian peasant and Danish army (14,000 men). Olaf is killed in the battle, he is later canonized and becomes the patron saint of Norway and Rex perpetuum Norvegiae ('the eternal king of Norway').
  • The first mention is made of Tartu, Estonia, as Grand Prince Yaroslav I (the Wise) of Novgorod and Kiev defeats the Estonians, and founds a fort named Yuryev (modern-day Tartu). [2] The Rus' will hold the fortress for the next 30 or 31 years.
  • The first mention is made of Thalwil, Switzerland, which is derived from Tellewilare, and indicates the early medieval origins of Thalwil as an Alemannic farmstead.
  • Henry I revolts against his father King Robert II (the Pious) in a civil war over power and property. Robert's army is defeated, and he retreats to Beaugency.

Asia

Births

Deaths

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Muʿizz al-Dawla Abū ʿUlwān Thimāl ibn Ṣāliẖ ibn Mirdās was the Mirdasid emir of Aleppo from 1042 until 1057, and again from 1061 until his death. He was the son of Salih ibn Mirdas.

Shibl al-Dawla Nasr

Abu Kamil Nasr ibn Salih ibn Mirdas, also known by his laqab of Shibl al-Dawla, was the second Mirdasid emir of Aleppo, ruling between 1029/1030 until his death. He was the eldest son of Salih ibn Mirdas, founder of the Mirdasid dynasty. Nasr fought alongside his father in the battle of al-Uqhuwana near Tiberias, where Salih was killed by a Fatimid army led by Anushtakin al-Dizbari. Afterward, Nasr ruled the emirate jointly with his brother Thimal. The young emirs soon faced a large scale Byzantine offensive led by Emperor Romanos III. Commanding a much smaller force of Bedouin horsemen, Nasr routed the Byzantines at the Battle of Azaz.

Mirdasid dynasty Arab dynasty which ruled the Emirate of Aleppo mostly from 1024 to 1080

The Mirdasid dynasty, also called the Banu Mirdas, was an Arab dynasty that controlled the Emirate of Aleppo more or less continuously from 1024 until 1080.

The 1020s was a decade of the Julian Calendar which began on January 1, 1020, and ended on December 31, 1029.

The Battle of Azaz was an engagement fought in August 1030 near the Syrian town of Azaz between the Byzantine army, led by Emperor Romanos III Argyros in person, and the forces of the Mirdasid Emirate of Aleppo, likewise under the personal command of Emir Shibl al-Dawla Nasr. The Mirdasids defeated the much larger Byzantine army and took great booty, even though they were eventually unable to capitalise on their victory.

Abūʾl-Murajjā Sālim ibn al-Mustafād al-Ḥamdānī was the commander of Aleppo's ahdath during the reigns of the Mirdasid emirs Salih ibn Mirdas and Nasr ibn Salih. He was executed by the latter in 1034 for stirring a local Muslim uprising against Aleppo's vassalage to the Christian Byzantine Empire.

Muqallid ibn Kamil ibn Mirdas was a member of the Mirdasid dynasty, a commander of the Banu Kilab and at times served as governor of the Aleppo Citadel and the Mirdasids' envoy to the Byzantines and Fatimids.

Asad al-Dawla Abū Dhūʿaba ʿAṭiyya ibn Ṣāliḥ was the Mirdasid emir of Aleppo in 1062–1065. Prior to his assumption of the emirate in Aleppo, he had been the Mirdasid emir of al-Rahba from 1060. He continued as the emir of al-Rahba and the eastern portion of the Mirdasid realm after losing Aleppo to his nephew Mahmud ibn Nasr. He lost al-Rahba in 1070. He entered Byzantine protection afterward and launched a failed assault against Mahmud's territories before his death in Constantinople.

References

  1. Halm, Heinz (2003). Die Kalifen von Kairo: Die Fatimiden in Ägypten, 973–1074[The Caliphs of Cairo: The Fatimids in Egypt, 973–1074] (in German). Munich: C. H. Beck. pp. 341–343. ISBN   3-406-48654-1.
  2. Tvauri, Andres (2012). The Migration Period, Pre-Viking Age, and Viking Age in Estonia. pp. 33, 59, 60. Retrieved December 27, 2016.