1225

November 9: Frederick II marries Queen Isabella II of Jerusalem

1225 in various calendars

Gregorian calendar	1225 MCCXXV
Ab urbe condita	1978
Armenian calendar	674 ԹՎ ՈՀԴ
Assyrian calendar	5975
Balinese saka calendar	1146–1147
Bengali calendar	631–632
Berber calendar	2175
English Regnal year	9  Hen. 3  – 10  Hen. 3
Buddhist calendar	1769
Burmese calendar	587
Byzantine calendar	6733–6734
Chinese calendar	甲申年 (Wood  Monkey) 3922 or 3715     — to — 乙酉年 (Wood  Rooster) 3923 or 3716
Coptic calendar	941–942
Discordian calendar	2391
Ethiopian calendar	1217–1218
Hebrew calendar	4985–4986
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1281–1282
- Shaka Samvat	1146–1147
- Kali Yuga	4325–4326
Holocene calendar	11225
Igbo calendar	225–226
Iranian calendar	603–604
Islamic calendar	621–622
Japanese calendar	Gennin 2 / Karoku 1 (嘉禄元年)
Javanese calendar	1133–1134
Julian calendar	1225 MCCXXV
Korean calendar	3558
Minguo calendar	687 before ROC 民前687年
Nanakshahi calendar	−243
Thai solar calendar	1767–1768
Tibetan calendar	ཤིང་ཕོ་སྤྲེ་ལོ་ (male Wood-Monkey) 1351 or 970 or 198     — to — ཤིང་མོ་བྱ་ལོ་ (female Wood-Bird) 1352 or 971 or 199

Year 1225 ( MCCXXV ) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar.

Events

January – March

• January 11 – Albrecht of Orlamünde, Denmark's governor of Nordalbingia, meets with numerous nobles in Segeberg and marches with his cousin Otto of Lüneburg against Henry I, Count of Schwerin, the ally of Adolf, Count of Schauerburg. Days later, Albrecht and Henry fight the Battle of Mölln in what is now the German state of Schleswig-Holstein, where Albrecht is taken as a prisoner of war. ^[1]
• February 11 –
  • The Charter of the Forest is restored to its traditional rights by King Henry III. 'Free men' are allowed to find pasture for their pigs, collect firewood, graze animals, or cut turf for fuel. At this time, however, only about 10 percent of the population is 'free', the rest are locked into service to a local landowner, some of them little more than slaves. ^[2]
  • The Magna Carta is reaffirmed (for the third time) by Henry III, in return for issuing a property tax. ^[3] It becomes the definitive version of the text. ^[4]
• March 3 – As the envoy of Pope Honorius III, Romanus, Cardinal-deacon of San Angelo, leaves Rome to travel to France to the court of King Louis XIII. ^[5]
• March 23 – Prince Richard of Cornwall, brother of King Henry III of England, and his uncle William Longsword, Earl of Salisbury, depart England on with 77 warriors on an expedition to fight in Aquitaine in France, and soon land at Bordeaux, then on to capture La Rochelle. As the expedition progresses, Richard's expedition captures La Réole and Bergerac by November. ^[6]

April – June

• April 15 – Pope Honorius III issues the papal bull Magistro Andree canonico Palentino, granting the Andree, a former Jew who converted to Christianity, the title of canon of Palencia, with full eccleastical dignities. ^[7]
• May 10 – Gerold of Lausanne, French bishop of Valence, becomes the new Latin patriarch of Jerusalem (until 1239).
• May 15 – Pope Honorius exhorts Hungarian Catholics to launch the Bosnian Crusade against the autonomous Bosnian Church Christians. ^[8]
• May 25 – At his royal palace in Bergen, King Haakon IV of Norway marries Margaret Skulesdatter, daughter of Haakon's rival for the throne, Skule Bårdsson. ^[9]
• June 10 – Pope Honorius III issues the bull Vineae Domini custodes in which he approves the mission of two friars to Morocco. The bull is reissued in October when Honorius III exhorts the Dominican and Franciscan order to participate in that mission. ^[10]

July – September

• July 25 –
  • Jalal al-Din Mangburni dethrones Muzaffar al-Din Uzbek, ruler ( atabeg ) of the Eldiguzids, and sets himself up in the capital of Tabriz (modern Iran).
  • Emperor Frederick II takes an oath at San Germano (near Cassino) and promises to depart on a Crusade (the Sixth Crusade), for the Near East in August 1227. He sends 1000 knights to the Levant and provides Rome with 100,000 ounces of gold, to be forfeited to the Catholic Church should he break his vow. These funds will be returned to Frederick once he arrives at Acre. ^[11]
• July 27 – Visby Cathedral in Sweden is consecrated.

• August
• September

October – December

• October 5 – Caliph Al-Nasir dies from dysentery at Baghdad after a 45-year reign. He is succeeded by his son Al-Zahir as ruler of the Abbasid Caliphate.
• November 9 – Frederick II marries the 14-year-old Queen Yolande, heiress to the kingdom of Jerusalem, and adds the Crusader States to his dominions. ^[12]
• November 17 – After being taken prisoner of war at the Battle of Mölln in January, the Danish governor Albrecht signs the Peace of Bardowick in order to obtain his freedom, ceding Holstein to Adolf of Schauenberg, in addition to releasing King Valdemar II of Denmark and his son Valdemar the Younger, who both had been kidnapped in 1223 and held as prisoners. ^[1]
• November 29 – The 12-year-old Henry VII, by order of his father Frederick II, marries Margaret of Austria, daughter of Duke Leopold VI the Glorious.
• December 31 – Lý Chiêu Hoàng, the only empress regnant in the history of Vietnam, marries Trần Thái Tông, making him the first ruler of the Trần dynasty.

By place

Mongol Empire

• Autumn – Subutai is assigned a new campaign by Genghis Khan against the Tanguts. He crosses the Gobi Desert with a Mongol army and advances south into the Western Xia (or Xi Xia). Meanwhile, Genghis, in his mid-sixties, becomes wounded during hunting. His injury – a dislocated shoulder, perhaps, or a bruised rib – forces him to take some rest. ^[13]
• Iltutmish, Ghurid ruler of the Delhi Sultanate, repels a Mongol attack and invades Bengal. His rival, Ghiyasuddin, leads an army to halt Iltutmish's advance, but decides to avoid a conflict by paying him tribute and accepting his suzerainty. ^[14]

Europe

• The Teutonic Knights are expelled from Transylvania by King Andrew II, because they wanted to separate from Hungary.

Middle East

• Summer – Battle of Garni: Khwarezmid forces led by Jalal al-Din Mangburni defeat the Georgian army (some 70,000 men) at Garni. The royal court of Queen Rusudan moves to Kutaisi, while the Georgian capital Tbilisi is besieged by the Khwarezmians.

Levant

• The 8-year-old Henry I (the Fat) is crowned as king of Cyprus in the Cathedral of Saint Sophia at Nicosia. His uncle Philip of Ibelin orders the coronation, so that when Henry comes of age at fifteen a regency could not be prolonged on the ground that he is not yet crowned. ^[15]

Births

• Amato Ronconi, Italian nobleman and monk (d. 1292)
• Beatrice of Bohemia, German noblewoman (d. 1290)
• Beatrice of Brabant, countess of Flanders (d. 1288)
• Chabi, Mongol empress and wife of Kublai Khan (d. 1281)
• David VI Narin (the Clever), king of Georgia (d. 1293)
• Franciscus Accursius, Italian lawyer and jurist (d. 1293)
• Fujiwara no Kitsushi, Japanese empress (d. 1292)
• Gaston VII (Froissard), viscount of Béarn (d. 1290)
• Guido Guinizelli, Italian poet and writer (d. 1276)
• Guigues VII, ruler ( dauphin ) of Viennois (d. 1269)
• Saionji Kisshi, Japanese empress consort (d. 1292)
• Sanchia of Provence, queen of Germany (d. 1261)
• Thomas Aquinas, Italian friar and theologian (d. 1274)
• Todros ben Joseph Abulafia, Spanish rabbi (d. 1285)
• Walter Giffard, English Lord Chancellor (d. 1279)

Deaths

• January 3 – Adolf III of Holstein, German nobleman (b. 1160)
• February 18 – Hugh Bigod, English nobleman (b. 1182)
• March 30 – Gertrude of Dagsburg, French noblewoman
• May 6 – John of Fountains, English prelate and bishop
• June 8 – Sabrisho IV, patriarch of the Church of the East
• June 21 – Conrad of Krosigk, German prelate and bishop
• July 16 – Ōe no Hiromoto, Japanese nobleman (b. 1148)
• August 16 – Hōjō Masako, Japanese noblewoman (b. 1156)
• August 24 – Adelardo Cattaneo, Italian cardinal and bishop
• September 16 – Rainier of Antioch, Latin cleric and patriarch
• September 17 – William VI, marquis of Montferrat (b. 1173)
• September 29 – Arnaud Amalric, French abbot and bishop
• October 5 – Al-Nasir, caliph of the Abbasid Caliphate (b. 1158)
• October 28 – Jien, Japanese poet and historian (b. 1155)
• November 7 – Engelbert II of Berg, archbishop of Cologne
• Ahmad al-Buni, Almohad mathematician and Sufi writer
• Al-Afdal ibn Salah ad-Din, ruler of Damascus (b. 1169)
• Bernard Itier, French librarian and chronicler (b. 1163)
• Eliezer ben Joel HaLevi, German rabbi and writer (b. 1140)
• Geoffrey de Neville, English nobleman and seneschal
• Ghabdula Chelbir (or Chelbir), ruler of Volga Bulgaria
• Ivane of Akhaltsikhe, Georgian nobleman and courtier
• Lamberto Visconti di Eldizio, Sardinian ruler of Gallura
• Margaret of Louvain, Flemish servant and saint (b. 1207)
• Muzaffar al-Din Uzbek, ruler ( atabeg ) of the Eldiguzids
• Urso of Calabria, Italian scholar, philosopher and writer
• William the Breton, French chronicler (approximate date)
• Zhao Hong, Chinese prince and heir apparent (b. 1207)

References

1. Ludwig Schultz (1880). "Heinrich I. (Graf von Schwerin)"  . Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (in German). Vol. 11. Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot. pp. 618–621.
2. Rothwell, Harry (1995). English Historical Documents 1189–1327, p. 347. ISBN   978-0-415-14368-4.
3. Mason, Emma (2004). "Beauchamp, Walter de (1192/3–1236), justice". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/1842.(Subscription, Wikipedia Library access or UK public library membership required.)
4. Williams, Hywel (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History . London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp.  135–137. ISBN   0-304-35730-8.
5. The Chronicle of William of Puylaurens: The Albigensian Crusade and Its Aftermath (2003) p.70
6. Sir James H. Ramsay of Bamff, A History of the Revenues of the Kings of England, 1066-1399 (Clarendon Press, 1925) pp.279-281
7. "Michael Scot in Spain", by Charles H. Haskins, in Estudios Eruditos in Memoriam de Adolfo Bonilla Y San Martin (1875-1926) (University of Madrid, 1950) p.152
8. Malcolm Lambert, Medieval Heresy: Popular Movements from Bogomil to Hus, (Edward Arnold Ltd, 1977) p.143
9. Helle, Knut (2009). "Margrete Skulesdatter". Norsk biografisk leksikon (in Norwegian).
10. Fonnesberg-Schmidt, Iben (2007). The Popes and the Baltic Crusades: 1147-1254. BRILL. ISBN   978-90-04-15502-2 . Retrieved 5 May 2024.
11. Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre, p. 149. ISBN   978-0-241-29877-0.
12. Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre, p. 147. ISBN   978-0-241-29877-0.
13. John Man (2011). Genghis Khan: Life, Death and Resurrection, p. 242. ISBN   978-0-553-81498-9.
14. Jackson, Peter (2003). The Delhi Sultanate: A Political and Military History, p. 36. Cambridge University Press. ISBN   978-0-521-54329-3.
15. Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre, p. 151. ISBN   978-0-241-29877-0.