1935 Nobel Prize in Literature

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Nobel prize medal.svg 1935 Nobel Prize in Literature
Nobel Prize.png
"in the field of literature, produced the most outstanding work in an idealistic direction".
Location Stockholm, Sweden
Presented by Swedish Academy
First awarded1901
Currently held bynone
Website Official website
  1934  · Nobel Prize in Literature ·  1936  

The 1935 Nobel Prize in Literature was not awarded after the Swedish Academy decided that no author in the field of literature was a suitable candidate. [1] Hence, the prize money for this year was 13 allocated to the Main Fund and 23 to the Special Fund of this prize section. [2]

Contents

Deliberations

Nominations

Despite no author(s) being awarded for the 1935 prize, numerous literary critics, societies and academics still sent nominations to the Nobel Committee of the Swedish Academy. In total, the Nobel Committee received 52 nominations for 38 authors like Frans Eemil Sillanpää (awarded in 1939), Johannes V. Jensen (awarded in 1944), Paul Valéry, Dmitry Merezhkovsky, Roger Martin du Gard (awarded in 1937) and H. G. Wells. [3]

Fourteen of the nominees were newly recommended for the prize such as Shaul Tchernichovsky, Miguel de Unamuno, Jules Romains, John Masefield, Elise Richter, Edvarts Virza, Víctor Manuel Rendón, Émile Mâle, James Cousins and G. K. Chesterton. There were five women nominees: Ivana Brlić-Mažuranić, Violet Clifton, Ricarda Huch, Maria Madalena de Martel Patrício and Elise Richter. [3]

The authors Henri Barbusse, Ioan Bianu, Arthur Hoey Davis (known as Steele Rudd), Clarence Day, Ella Loraine Dorsey, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, Anna Katharine Green, Kaitarō Hasegawa, Mary R. P. Hatch, Louise Manning Hodgkins, Winifred Holtby, Panait Istrati, T. E. Lawrence, James Leslie Mitchell (known as Lewis Grassic Gibbon), Violet Paget (known as Vernon Lee), Fernando Pessoa, Lizette Woodworth Reese, George William Russell, Tsubouchi Shōyō, Kurt Tucholsky, William Watson and Stanley G. Weinbaum died in 1935 without having been nominated for the prize.

Official list of nominees and their nominators for the prize
No.NomineeCountryGenre(s)Nominator(s)
1 Rufino Blanco Fombona (1874–1944)Flag of Venezuela.svg  Venezuela essays, literary criticismSeveral professors from American universities
2 Ivana Brlić-Mažuranić (1874–1938)Flag of Yugoslavia (1918-1943).svg  Yugoslavia novel, short story Gavro Manojlović (1856–1939)
3 Gilbert Keith Chesterton (1874–1936)Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom philosophy, theology, essays, literary criticism, novel, short story, poetryTorsten Fogelqvist (1880–1941)
4 Violet Clifton (1883–1961)Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom biography, essays Nevill Coghill (1899–1980)
5 António Correia de Oliveira (1878–1960)Flag of Portugal.svg  Portugal poetry
  • Alfredo Carneiro da Cunha (1863–1942)
  • Luís da Cunha Gonçalvez (1875–1956)
6 James Cousins (1873–1956)Flag of Ireland.svg  Ireland
British Raj Red Ensign.svg  British India
poetry, drama, essays, literary criticism Nobel prize winner.svg Rabindranath Tagore (1861–1941)
7 Karel Čapek (1890–1938)Flag of the Czech Republic.svg  Czechoslovakia drama, novel, short story, essays, literary criticism
8 Maria Madalena de Martel Patrício (1884–1947)Flag of Portugal.svg  Portugal poetry, essaysBento Carqueja (1860–1935)
9 Miguel de Unamuno (1864–1936)Flag of Spain 1931 1939.svg  Spain novel, poetry, philosophy, essays, dramaEsteban Madruga Jiménez (1890–1980)
10 Roger Martin du Gard (1881–1958)Flag of France.svg  France novel, drama, memoir
11 Olav Duun (1876–1939)Flag of Norway.svg  Norway novel, short story
12 James George Frazer (1854–1941)Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom history, essays, translation Jarl Charpentier (1884–1935)
13 Franz Karl Ginzkey (1871–1963)State flag of Austria (1934-1938).svg  Austria poetry, short story, essays Hjalmar Hammarskjöld (1862–1953)
14 Vilhelm Grønbech (1873–1948)Flag of Denmark.svg  Denmark history, essays, poetrySven Lönborg (1871–1959)
15 Jarl Hemmer (1893–1944)Flag of Finland.svg  Finland poetry, novel Hjalmar Hammarskjöld (1862–1953)
16 Ricarda Huch (1864–1947)Flag of Germany (1935-1945).svg  Germany history, essays, novel, poetry Ernst Robert Curtius (1886–1956)
17 Johannes Vilhelm Jensen (1873–1950)Flag of Denmark.svg  Denmark novel, short story, poetry
  • Vilhelm Andersen (1864–1953)
  • Johannes Brøndum-Nielsen (1881–1977)
  • Hans Brix (1870–1961)
  • Carl Adolf Bodelsen (1894–1978)
18 Guðmundur Kamban (1888–1945)Flag of Iceland.svg  Iceland novel, drama Bengt Hesselman (1875–1952)
19 Rudolf Kassner (1873–1959)State flag of Austria (1934-1938).svg  Austria philosophy, essays, translation6 professors of the University of Zurich
20 Erwin Guido Kolbenheyer (1878–1962)Flag of Austria.svg  Austria novel, short story, poetry, dramaHans-Friedrich Rosenfeld (1899–1993)
21Sven Lönborg (1871–1959)Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden philosophy, history, pedagogy, essaysEmil Rodhe (1863–1936)
22 John Masefield (1878–1967)Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom poetry, drama, novel, short story, essays, autobiography Anders Österling (1884–1981)
23 Émile Mâle (1862–1954)Flag of France (1794-1958).svg  France historyEmil Rodhe (1863–1936)
24 Dmitry Merezhkovsky (1865–1941)Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union novel, essays, poetry, drama Sigurd Agrell (1881–1937)
25 Eugene O'Neill (1888–1953)Flag of the United States.svg  United States drama Martin Lamm (1880–1950)
26 Kostis Palamas (1859–1943)Flag of Greece (1822-1978).svg  Greece poetry, essays
27 Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan (1888–1975)British Raj Red Ensign.svg  India philosophy, essays, law Hjalmar Hammarskjöld (1862–1953)
28 Víctor Manuel Rendón (1859–1940)Flag of Ecuador.svg  Ecuador novel, poetry, drama, biography, essays, translationCeliano Monge Navarrete (1856–1940)
29 Elise Richter (1865–1943)State flag of Austria (1934-1938).svg  Austria philology
  • Antonin Duraffour (1879–1956)
  • Carlo Tagliavini (1903–1982)
30 Jules Romains (1885–1972)Flag of France.svg  France poetry, drama, screenplay Fredrik Böök (1883–1961)
31 Frans Eemil Sillanpää (1888–1964)Flag of Finland.svg  Finland novel, short story, poetry
32 Hermann Stehr (1864–1940)Flag of Germany (1935-1945).svg  Germany novel, short story, poetry, dramaHermann August Korff (1882–1963)
33 Dezső Szabó (1879–1945)Flag of Hungary (1915-1918, 1919-1946).svg  Hungary novel, essays Björn Collinder (1894–1983)
34 Shaul Tchernichovsky (1875–1943)Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Mandatory Palestine
poetry, essays, translation Joseph Klausner (1874–1958)
35 Paul Valéry (1871–1945)Flag of France.svg  France poetry, philosophy, essays, drama
36 Edvarts Virza (1883–1940)Flag of Latvia.svg  Latvia poetry, essays, translation
  • Francis Balodis (1882–1947)
  • Ludis Bērzin̦š (1870–1965)
37 Herbert George Wells (1866–1946)Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom novel, short story, essays, history, biography Sigfrid Siwertz (1882–1970)
38 Tadeusz Stefan Zieliński (1859–1944)Flag of Poland (1928-1980).svg  Poland philology, history, translation, essaysSeveral professors at the University of Warsaw

Prize decision

In 1935, the Nobel Committee shortlisted the authors Karel Čapek, Miguel de Unamuno, John Masefield, Gilbert Keith Chesterton and Roger Martin du Gard for the Nobel Prize in Literature. During the deliberations, Čapek was dismissed for political reasons [lower-alpha 3] ; De Unamuno, considered as one of the Spanish existentialist writers, was dismissed for his abstract ideas in his literary oeuvres; Masefield was dismissed for his uneven works; Du Gard was praised for his The Thibaults , but the committee decided to wait for its other volumes; and Chesterton, though praised by the committee for his English poems, was dismissed for "doubts over the religious non-fictional works like Saint Francis of Assisi and the biography of Jesus". [4] Without Chesterton's religious publications, the succeeding committee members believed he could have won the Nobel for that year. With the aforementioned evaluations, it was decided that no Nobel Prize will be given in the Literature category. [5] [ page needed ] [4]

Notes

  1. All eight were professors of history of literature at the University of Prague, Czechoslovakia.
  2. Three professors of literature and/or history from the University of Athens, Greece.
  3. Nobel committee member Per Hallström, being a supporter of Nazism at the time, thought Karl Čapek's writings against anti-semitism and the Nazi movement was "unacceptable and unwelcoming". Hallström then convinced his fellow committee members to not award him and any other writers against Adolf Hitler. [4]

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References

  1. "Why was no Nobel Prize for Literature awarded in 1935?". history.stackexchange.com. Retrieved 1 April 2023.
  2. The Nobel Prize in Literature 1935 nobelprize.org
  3. 1 2 Nomination archive – Literature 1935 nobelprize.org
  4. 1 2 3 The Nobel Prize in Literature: Nominations and Reports 1901–1950 nobelprize.org
  5. Gustav Källstrand Andens Olympiska Spel: Nobelprisets historia, Fri Tanke 2021