2012 Russian presidential election

Last updated

2012 Russian presidential election
Flag of Russia.svg
  2008 4 March 2012 2018  
Opinion polls
Registered109,860,331
Turnout65.27% (Decrease2.svg4.44pp)
  Vladimir Putin - 2012.jpg Moscow rally 1 May 2012 7 (cropped).JPG
Nominee Vladimir Putin Gennady Zyuganov
Party United Russia Communist
Popular vote45,602,07512,318,353
Percentage64.35%17.38%

  Mikhail Prokhorov IF 09-2013 (cropped).jpg Peshko A.V. i Zhirinovskii V.V. (cropped).jpeg
Nominee Mikhail Prokhorov Vladimir Zhirinovsky
Party Independent LDPR
Popular vote5,722,5084,458,103
Percentage8.08%6.29%

2012 Russian presidential election (shaded).svg
Results by federal subject
Vladimir Putin:     45–50%     50–55%     55–60%     60–65%     65–70%     70–75%     75–80%     80–85%     85–90%     90–95%     >95%

President before election

Dmitry Medvedev
United Russia

Elected President

Vladimir Putin
United Russia

Presidential elections were held in Russia on 4 March 2012. [1] There were five officially registered candidates: four representatives of registered parties, and one nominal independent. The election was the first one held after constitutional amendments were introduced in 2008, in which the elected president for the first time would serve a six-year term, rather than a four-year term.

Contents

At the congress of the ruling United Russia party in Moscow on 24 September 2011, the incumbent president Dmitry Medvedev proposed that his predecessor, Vladimir Putin, stand for the presidency in 2012, an offer which Putin accepted. Putin immediately offered Medvedev the opportunity to stand on the United Russia ticket in the parliamentary elections in December 2011 and become prime minister at the end of his presidential term. [2] All independents had to register by 15 December 2011, and candidates nominated by parties were required to register by 18 January 2012. The final list was announced on 29 January. On 2 March, outgoing president Medvedev addressed the nation on the national television channels about the upcoming elections, inviting citizens to vote.[ citation needed ]

Putin received 63.6% of the vote, [3] securing a third overall term. Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe observers assessed the voting on the election day positively overall, but assessed the vote count negatively in almost one-third of polling stations due to procedural irregularities. [4] [5]

Candidates

The following individuals submitted documents to the Russian Central Election Commission (CEC) in order to be officially registered as presidential candidates.

Registered candidates

An election ballot listing the presidential candidates Izbiratel'nyi biulleten' dlia golosovaniia na vyborakh prezidenta Rossii 4 marta 2012 goda.jpg
An election ballot listing the presidential candidates

The following candidates were successfully registered by the CEC, candidates are listed in the order they appear on the ballot paper (alphabetical order in Russian):

Candidate name, age,
political party
Political officesCampaign
Vladimir Zhirinovsky
(65)
Liberal Democratic Party
Peshko A.V. i Zhirinovskii V.V. (cropped).jpeg Deputy of the State Duma
(1993–2022)
Leader of the Liberal Democratic Party
(1991–2022)
Vladimir Zhirinovsky 2012.png
(campaign)
Gennady Zyuganov
(67)
Communist Party
Moscow rally 1 May 2012 7 (cropped).JPG Deputy of the State Duma
(1993–present)
Leader of the Communist Party
(1993–present)
(campaign)
Sergey Mironov
(59)
A Just Russia
Sergey Mironov 4.jpg Deputy of the State Duma
(2011–present)
Leader of A Just Russia
(2006–2011 and 2013–present)
Chairman of the Federation Council
(2001–2011)
Senator from St. Petersburg
(2001–2011)
Mironov 2012.png
(campaign)
Mikhail Prokhorov
(46)
Independent
Mikhail Prokhorov IF 09-2013 (cropped).jpg Leader of Right Cause
(2011)
Prokhorov logo.png
(campaign)
Vladimir Putin
(59)
United Russia
Vladimir Putin - 2012.jpg Prime Minister of Russia
(1999–2000 and 2008–2012)
Leader of United Russia
(2008–2012)
President of Russia
(2000–2008)
Director of the Federal Security Service
(1998–1999)
V.Putin 2012 logo.png
(campaign)

Campaigning

Sergey Mironov

A Just Russia nominee called for a return to a socialist model of government. [6]

Mikhail Prokhorov

Prokhorov logo.png
Prokhorov campaigning Mikhail Prokhorov (6566551193) (cropped).jpg
Prokhorov campaigning

Mikhail Prokhorov conducted a tour around the country, meeting with his supporters in various cities. He was the only candidate to do so except for Putin, who visited Russia's regions as a part of his Prime Minister of Russia duties.

If elected, Prokhorov promised to reinstate elections for Russia's governorships. [7] He also promised to pardon Mikhail Khodorkovsky. [7] He promised to reverse the recent constitutional amendment that had lengthened presidential terms from four years to six. [7] He stated that he would select Alexei Kudrin to serve as his prime minister. [7] Prokhorov promised to dismantle state control of the media and prohibit all forms of censorship and state control of major television and radio stations. [7] He promised to dismantle large energy monopolies, including dismantling Gazprom. [7] He also stated that he favored better relations with the European Union. [7]

Vladimir Putin

V.Putin 2012 logo.png

In the course of the 2012 presidential campaign, in order to present his manifesto, Putin published 7 articles in different Russian newspapers. In those articles, he presented his vision of the problems which Russia successfully solved in the last decade and the goals yet to be achieved. The topics of the articles were as follows: the general overview, the ethnicity issue, economic tasks, democracy and government efficiency, social policy, military and foreign policy. [8]

Speeches

Panorama of the 23 February Luzhniki rally, where Putin made his Borodino speech Moscow rally 23 February 2012, Luzhniki 2.jpg
Panorama of the 23 February Luzhniki rally, where Putin made his Borodino speech

During the campaign Putin made a single outdoor public speech at a rally of his supporters in the Luzhniki Stadium on 23 February, Russia's Defender of the Fatherland Day.[ citation needed ] In the speech, he called on the Russian people not to betray the Motherland, but to love her and to unite for the common good. [9] He said that foreign interference in Russian affairs should not be allowed, and Russia's national sovereignty should be paramount. [9] He compared the political situation (when there was widespread fear that the 2011–13 Russian protests could instigate a color revolution directed from abroad) with the First Fatherland War (more generally known as Napoleon Bonaparte's invasion of Russia), reminding listeners that the 200th anniversary of the Battle of Borodino would be celebrated in 2012. [9] Putin cited Lermontov's poem Borodino and ended the speech with Vyacheslav Molotov's famous Great Patriotic War slogan "The Victory Shall Be Ours!" ("Победа будет за нами!"). [9]

The BBC reported that some attendees claimed they had been ordered by their employers to take part in the rally, or paid to do so. Some said they had been told they were attending a "folk festival". After Putin spoke, popular folk band Lubeh took to the stage. [10]

Vladimir Zhirinovsky

Vladimir Zhirinovsky 2012.png
Zhirinovsky campaigning Vladimir Zhirinovskii i Mikhail Degtiariov (cropped).JPG
Zhirinovsky campaigning

Vladimir Volfovich Zhirinovsky is a veteran of Russian politics who has participated in five presidential elections in Russia (every election since 1996). Zhirinovsky's campaign slogan for 2012 was "Vote Zhirinovsky, or things will get worse". [11] Proshka, a donkey owned by Vladimir Zhirinovsky, became prominent during the presidential campaign, when he was filmed in an election advertisement video.

Gennady Zyuganov

Zyuganov campaigning in Red Square RIAN archive 910756 Young Pioneer induction ceremony held on Moscow's Red Square.jpg
Zyuganov campaigning in Red Square

In September 2011, Gennady Zyuganov again became the CPRF's candidate for the Russian presidential election.[ citation needed ]

Opinion polls

Results

Election of the President of the Russian Federation (2012) Vybory prezidenta Rossii 2012 (Severodvinsk).JPG
Election of the President of the Russian Federation (2012)
CandidatePartyVotes%
Vladimir Putin United Russia 45,602,07564.35
Gennady Zyuganov Communist Party 12,318,35317.38
Mikhail Prokhorov Independent5,722,5088.08
Vladimir Zhirinovsky Liberal Democratic Party 4,458,1036.29
Sergey Mironov A Just Russia 2,763,9353.90
Total70,864,974100.00
Valid votes70,864,97498.83
Invalid/blank votes836,6911.17
Total votes71,701,665100.00
Registered voters/turnout109,860,33165.27
Source: CEC

There were over 108,000,000 eligible voters and almost all 95,000 polling stations had webcams to observe the voting process. Following criticism of the vote in the December elections, 2 web cameras were dedicated to streaming the activities at each polling station, at an expense of five million dollars, [12] i.e. about $50 per polling station.

By federal subject

Region Vladimir Putin

United Russia

Gennady Zyuganov

Communist Party

Mikhail Prokhorov

Independent

Vladimir Zhirinovsky

Liberal Democratic Party

Sergey Mironov

A Just Russia

Invalid votes
Votes %Votes %Votes %Votes %Votes %Votes %
Flag of Adygea.svg  Adygea 141,25764.07%45,31120.55%13,1455.96%11,1645.06%6,6373.01%2,9671.35%
Flag of Altai Krai.svg  Altai Krai 674,13957.35%261,66522.26%83,7787.13%97,9618.33%45,8833.90%12,0041.02%
Flag of Altai Republic.svg  Altai Republic 68,11066.87%17,22916.92%6,2656.15%5,7045.60%3,4063.34%1,1411.12%
Flag of Amur Oblast.svg  Amur Oblast 251,18262.84%67,43316.87%23,0705.77%39,7179.94%13,5943.40%4,7081.18%
Flag of Arkhangelsk Oblast.svg  Arkhangelsk Oblast 333,34457.97%91,64815.94%60,10810.45%51,1698.90%33,2235.78%5,5220.96%
Flag of Astrakhan Oblast.svg  Astrakhan Oblast 297,44868.76%67,66215.64%21,8735.06%21,9185.07%18,5954.30%5,1071.18%
Flag goroda Baikonur.svg  Baikonur 7,50970.79%1,28812.14%7226.81%5865.52%3172.99%1851.74%
Flag of Bashkortostan.svg  Bashkortostan 1,731,71675.28%326,25014.18%83,6673.64%83,7043.64%57,3292.49%17,5920.76%
Flag of Belgorod Oblast.svg  Belgorod Oblast 533,71659.30%21,107923.45%49,8075.53%59,5616.62%35,6013.96%10,2091.13%
Flag of Bryansk Oblast.svg  Bryansk Oblast 448,01864.02%146,34020.91%32,1414.59%42,9746.14%23,4533.35%6,9220.99%
Flag of Buryatia.svg  Buryatia 275,46666.20%75,08218.04%24,4305.87%22,2115.34%13,9943.36%4,9211.18%
Flag of the Chechen Republic.svg  Chechnya 611,57899.76%1820.03%1290.02%1400.02%1650.03%8760.14%
Flag of Chelyabinsk Oblast.svg  Chelyabinsk Oblast 1,124,53865.02%254,54214.72%138,9078.03%97,8695.66%88,1775.10%25,3661.47%
Flag of Chukotka.svg  Chukotka 21,31072.64%2,6519.04%2,2097.53%2,1067.18%6332.16%4281.46%
Flag of Chuvashia.svg  Chuvashia 438,07062.32%144,67620.58%38,8385.52%39,7075.65%31,2014.44%10,4651.49%
Flag of Dagestan.svg  Dagestan 1,322,56792.84%84,6695.94%6,4270.45%1,5230.11%4,1630.29%5,1550.36%
Flag of Ingushetia.svg  Ingushetia 153,27491.91%7,4224.45%1,9341.16%1,9441.17%1,7611.06%4280.26%
Flag of Irkutsk Oblast.svg  Irkutsk Oblast 594,86155.45%242,09722.57%94,0088.76%88,4198.24%41,1523.84%12,1861.14%
Flag of Ivanovo Oblast.svg  Ivanovo Oblast 321,17061.85%95,00518.30%37,0167.13%37,6507.25%23,0604.44%5,3381.03%
Flag of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast.svg  Jewish Autonomous Oblast 48,91261.59%14,79618.63%5,1026.42%6,6328.35%2,7633.48%1,2081.52%
Flag of Kabardino-Balkaria.svg  Kabardino-Balkaria 299,52977.64%53,26113.81%8,9372.32%11,8883.08%11,7533.05%4180.11%
Flag of Kaliningrad Oblast.svg  Kaliningrad Oblast 240,42152.55%97,57021.33%62,01613.56%35,6257.79%16,1393.53%5,7121.25%
Flag of Kalmykia.svg  Kalmykia 93,50070.30%23,29517.51%8,0296.04%3,3742.54%3,5622.68%1,2420.93%
Flag of Kaluga Oblast.svg  Kaluga Oblast 299,17559.02%101,45920.01%40,9118.07%37,6347.42%21,4274.23%6,3271.25%
Flag of Kamchatka Krai.svg  Kamchatka Krai 93,73859.84%25,00915.97%14,0158.95%16,50410.54%5,4303.47%1,9511.25%
Flag of Karachay-Cherkessia.svg  Karachay-Cherkessia 266,41091.36%16,9375.81%2,6290.90%2,8510.98%2,1620.74%6310.22%
Flag of Karelia.svg  Karelia 171,38055.38%50,95716.47%37,79812.22%26,5798.59%18,8866.10%3,8391.24%
Flag of Kemerovo Oblast.svg  Kemerovo Oblast 1,267,83777.19%133,7058.14%75,5194.60%112,0676.82%37,4502.28%16,0020.97%
Flag of Khabarovsk Krai.svg  Khabarovsk Krai 367,23956.15%115,43617.65%62,1459.50%68,50010.47%31,9444.88%8,7331.34%
Flag of Khakassia.svg  Khakassia 144,51958.40%50,87220.56%19,4007.84%20,9918.48%8,8783.59%2,8191.14%
Flag of Yugra.svg  Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug 469,82266.41%97,65113.80%50,5267.14%57,4008.11%23,2763.29%8,8291.25%
Flag of Kirov Oblast.svg  Kirov Oblast 399,81057.93%127,98218.54%63,9939.27%54,5317.90%36,0055.22%7,8641.14%
Flag of Komi.svg  Komi Republic 341,86465.02%70,13513.34%43,7598.32%40,3147.67%22,7384.32%6,9701.33%
Flag of Kostroma Oblast.svg  Kostroma Oblast 183,98452.78%90,71426.02%26,5177.61%28,2048.09%16,0944.62%3,0760.88%
Flag of Krasnodar Krai.svg  Krasnodar Krai 1,715,34963.72%496,90918.46%181,8446.75%176,1196.54%88,9763.31%32,8931.22%
Flag of Krasnoyarsk Krai.svg  Krasnoyarsk Krai 784,33760.16%235,05818.03%109,8278.42%112,2228.61%46,1233.54%16,2791.25%
Flag of Kurgan Oblast.svg  Kurgan Oblast 305,77763.39%83,95517.40%27,7255.75%41,3408.57%19,2803.99%4,3140.89%
Flag of Kursk Oblast.svg  Kursk Oblast 366,74560.45%122,77520.24%38,0026.26%49,7448.20%23,1013.81%6,3501.05%
Flag of Leningrad Oblast.svg  Leningrad Oblast 501,89361.90%114,95114.18%80,8749.98%54,8576.77%47,5185.86%10,6641.32%
Flag of Lipetsk Oblast.svg  Lipetsk Oblast 382,17960.99%132,40821.13%34,7785.55%44,6977.13%24,7223.95%7,7511.24%
Flag of Magadan Oblast.svg  Magadan Oblast 39,19656.25%13,94620.01%6,7699.71%6,3999.18%2,6073.74%7691.10%
Flag of Mari El.svg  Mari El 228,61259.98%84,20022.09%24,2826.37%24,8956.53%15,1753.98%3,9841.05%
Flag of Mordovia.svg  Mordovia 506,41587.06%42,0607.23%9,3531.61%13,6352.34%6,4481.11%3,7960.65%
Flag of Moscow, Russia.svg  Moscow 1,994,31046.95%814,57319.18%868,73620.45%267,4186.30%214,7035.05%87,6982.06%
Flag of Moscow oblast.svg  Moscow Oblast 2,015,37956.85%686,44919.36%396,37911.18%236,0286.66%149,8014.23%61,3321.73%
Flag of Murmansk Oblast.svg  Murmansk Oblast 244,57960.05%65,19016.00%39,2919.65%32,9338.09%20,5665.05%4,7521.17%
Flag of Nenets Autonomous District.svg  Nenets Autonomous Okrug 13,34657.05%4,04017.27%2,34910.04%2,1149.04%1,2395.30%3041.30%
Flag of Nizhny Novgorod Region.svg  Nizhny Novgorod Oblast 1,187,19463.90%353,96419.05%125,4326.75%110,8085.96%63,1893.40%17,3660.93%
Flag of North Ossetia.svg  North Ossetia–Alania 289,64370.06%87,01721.05%6,8481.66%13,0633.16%12,8643.11%3,9950.97%
Flag of Novgorod Oblast.svg  Novgorod Oblast 179,50157.91%54,87517.70%27,0178.72%22,9557.41%22,0667.12%3,5561.15%
Flag of Novosibirsk oblast.svg  Novosibirsk Oblast 762,12656.34%304,76122.53%124,2059.18%104,2237.70%41,0013.03%16,4101.21%
Flag of Omsk Oblast.svg  Omsk Oblast 541,46955.55%234,03524.01%72,5407.44%74,8577.68%39,2844.03%12,6441.30%
Flag of Orenburg Oblast.svg  Orenburg Oblast 577,41156.89%252,94724.92%58,8495.80%74,4147.33%41,1044.05%10,2121.01%
Flag of Oryol Oblast.svg  Oryol Oblast 237,86852.84%130,93429.09%27,6326.14%33,5497.45%15,0663.35%5,1021.13%
Flag of Penza Oblast.svg  Penza Oblast 492,03164.27%150,78619.70%39,9085.21%48,9156.39%24,2133.16%9,6881.27%
Flag of Perm Krai.svg  Perm Krai 736,49662.94%184,63915.78%127,09810.86%53,8794.60%51,5354.40%16,5621.42%
Flag of Primorsky Krai.svg  Primorsky Krai 567,17757.31%201,49320.36%78,6397.95%85,3968.63%43,1684.36%13,7961.39%
Flag of Pskov Oblast.svg  Pskov Oblast 211,26559.69%73,07320.64%25,8247.30%23,7606.71%16,1644.57%3,8801.10%
Flag of Rostov Oblast.svg  Rostov Oblast 1,324,04262.66%423,88420.06%134,4616.36%132,4186.27%76,6333.63%21,7421.03%
Flag of Ryazan Oblast.svg  Ryazan Oblast 370,94559.74%132,98121.42%37,9036.10%47,0687.58%25,5624.12%6,5081.05%
Flag of Saint Petersburg.svg  Saint Petersburg 1,403,75358.77%311,93713.06%370,79915.52%110,9794.65%157,7686.61%33,3311.40%
Flag of Sakha.svg  Sakha 317,93369.46%65,87114.39%29,7126.49%20,0104.37%20,1934.41%3,9780.87%
Flag of Sakhalin Oblast.svg  Sakhalin Oblast 128,56556.30%45,73020.03%22,3379.78%20,0168.77%8,8563.88%2,8461.25%
Flag of Samara Oblast.svg  Samara Oblast 912,09958.56%320,12820.55%125,4238.05%117,8287.56%61,3613.94%20,8281.34%
Flag of Saratov Oblast.svg  Saratov Oblast 934,68570.64%206,81815.63%59,0064.46%66,9855.06%43,2673.27%12,4000.94%
Flag of Smolensk Oblast.svg  Smolensk Oblast 273,23256.69%111,18223.07%32,5166.75%38,2467.94%20,9304.34%5,8431.21%
Flag of Stavropol Krai.svg  Stavropol Krai 770,87464.47%215,60018.03%75,7246.33%83,5436.99%37,5513.14%12,4481.04%
Flag of Sverdlovsk Oblast.svg  Sverdlovsk Oblast 1,337,78164.50%251,69012.14%237,78011.46%107,8195.20%113,3535.47%25,5601.23%
Flag of Tambov Oblast.svg  Tambov Oblast 444,97871.76%107,79717.38%19,5943.16%28,1794.54%13,9732.25%5,5700.90%
Flag of Tatarstan.svg  Tatarstan 1,967,29182.70%229,7119.66%69,7082.93%52,9942.23%41,8781.76%17,3220.73%
Flag of Tomsk Oblast.svg  Tomsk Oblast 261,58157.07%86,40318.85%53,02811.57%35,1397.67%16,9663.70%5,1941.13%
Flag of Tula Oblast.svg  Tula Oblast 587,95267.77%147,01916.95%43,9175.06%50,2185.79%29,6013.41%8,8621.02%
Flag of Tuva.svg  Tuva 132,82890.00%6,3704.32%2,9251.98%2,5741.74%2,0231.37%8600.58%
Flag of Tver Oblast.svg  Tver Oblast 387,30858.02%131,59119.71%59,3028.88%49,3847.40%32,8354.92%7,0761.06%
Flag of Tyumen Oblast.svg  Tyumen Oblast 611,28173.10%95,39811.41%43,0475.15%59,0837.07%20,4552.45%6,9150.83%
Flag of Udmurtia.svg  Udmurtia 515,75565.75%116,27714.82%67,3628.59%49,1606.27%26,8033.42%9,0481.15%
Flag Ul'ianovskoi oblasti (2013).svg  Ulyanovsk Oblast 387,54058.18%160,08924.03%37,4375.62%46,3846.96%27,7834.17%6,9261.04%
Flag of Vladimir Oblast.svg  Vladimir Oblast 341,30153.49%132,40020.75%60,3159.45%53,6158.40%41,8956.57%8,4841.33%
Flag of Volgograd Oblast.svg  Volgograd Oblast 810,59863.41%240,99818.85%711,425.56%87,6576.86%55,3254.33%12,6960.99%
Flag of Vologda oblast.svg  Vologda Oblast 361,72059.44%93,41715.35%57,0649.38%49,4928.13%40,3066.62%6,5961.08%
Flag of Voronezh Oblast.svg  Voronezh Oblast 800,02461.34%292,37922.42%69,8135.35%81,0816.22%47,9743.68%13,0731.00%
Voting abroad 323,68673.24%31,7857.19%59,94213.56%12,0062.72%8,6741.96%5,8381.32%
Flag of Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District.svg  Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug 283,31384.58%18,7385.59%7,8072.33%17,4565.21%4,9791.49%2,6690.80%
Flag of Yaroslavl Oblast.svg  Yaroslavl Oblast 365,89254.53%133,47619.89%71,00710.58%51,8167.72%41,2126.14%7,5691.13%
Flag of Zabaykalsky Krai.svg  Zabaykalsky Krai 327,40765.69%71,63614.37%29,4665.91%49,6129.95%15,0153.01%5,2711.06%
Flag of Russia.svg  Russia [13] 45,602,07563.60%12,318,35317.18%5,722,5087.98%4,458,1036.22%2,763,9353.85%836,6911.17%

Electoral irregularities

International observers from the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) found that although all competitors had access to the media, Putin was given clear prominence. [4] Strict candidate registration requirements also limited "genuine competition". [4] According to Tonino Picula, the Special Co-ordinator to lead the short-term OSCE observer mission,

There were serious problems from the very start of this election. The point of elections is that the outcome should be uncertain. This was not the case in Russia. There was no real competition and abuse of government resources ensured that the ultimate winner of the election was never in doubt. [4]

The OCSE observers concluded that voting on the day of the election was assessed positively overall, but the "process deteriorated during the vote count which was assessed negatively in almost one-third of polling stations observed due to procedural irregularities." [4] The OSCE called for a thorough investigation of the electoral violations and urged citizens to actively oversee future elections in order to increase confidence. [4]

Allegations were made that Putin supporters had been driven around in coaches in order to vote for him in multiple constituencies (which is known as carousel voting). [14] Vote stuffing was documented by video monitoring systems, which were installed on most voting stations. [15]

Pravda alleged that industrial plants with a continuous-cycle production have violated the law by bussing workers to polling centres. [16] The chairman of the Moscow Election Committee Valentin Gorbunov countered the accusation saying that this was normal practice and did not constitute a violation. According to Iosif Diskin, a member of the Public Chamber of Russia, there were special observers who controlled that workers have legal absentee certificates. Information about carousel voting was, according to him, not confirmed. [17] Georgy Fyodorov, director of the NGO "Citizens Watch" ("Гражданский контроль"), said that statements from the monitoring group GOLOS about carousel voting in Strogino District were false, [18] however, Citizens Watch never addressed the evidence of the electoral fraud presented by GOLOS. The level of electoral manipulation is substantial. According to GOLOS, one third of all electoral commissions had substantial irregularities at the stage of vote counting and tabulation. [19]

Claims that Putin's share of the vote was inflated by up to 10% were dismissed by Putin in a talk with journalists: "It's possible there were irregularities, probably there were some. But they can only influence hundredths of a per cent. Well, maybe one per cent; that I can imagine. But no more." [20] Ruža Tomašić, OSCE observer from Croatia, noted that there were no irregularities at five polling stations near Kaluga. [21]

The Communist Party of the Russian Federation did not acknowledge the results of the election. [22]

Protests

On 11 March 2012 approximately 15,000–20,000 protesters demonstrated in Novy Arbat street against perceived fraud and Putin's rule. [23] MP Ilya Ponomaryov, a protest coordinator, described the protesters' plans: "We must be the government's constant nightmare and build up to a crescendo of protests at the time of Putin's inauguration in early May." [23]

Inauguration

Putin was inaugurated in the Kremlin on 7 May 2012. Public protests had taken place in Moscow on 6 May with estimated 8,000 [24] -20,000 protesters taking part. [25] 80 people were injured in confrontations with police (including over 30 policemen) [26] and 450 arrests were made on 6 May [27] and another 120 arrests the following day. [27]

Cost

The election cost 10.375 million roubles according to a report given by the Russian Central Election Commission. According to the report, during the campaign, budget funds have been spared. [28]

See also

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