AB Doradus

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AB Doradus
ESO - Near-Infrared Image of AB Doradus A and its Companion.jpg
AB Doradus with the orbit of C in yellow
Observation data
Epoch J2000       Equinox J2000
Constellation Dorado
Right ascension 05h 28m 44.8489s [1]
Declination −65° 26′ 54.946″ [1]
Apparent magnitude  (V)6.98−7.06 [2] / 13.0 [3]
Characteristics
AB Dor AC
Spectral type K0V [4] + M8
U−B color index +0.37
B−V color index +0.86±0.02 [2]
Variable type Flare star
AB Dor B
Spectral type M5 + M5-6 [5]
Astrometry
Radial velocity (Rv)32.40 ± 2.2 [6]  km/s
Proper motion (μ)RA: 33.16 [7]   mas/yr
Dec.: 150.83 [7]   mas/yr
Parallax (π)65.93 ± 0.57  mas [7]
Distance 49.5 ± 0.4  ly
(15.2 ± 0.1  pc)
Absolute magnitude  (MV)5.86 [8]
Orbit [5]
PrimaryAB Dor Ba
CompanionAB Dor Bb
Period (P)0.986 ± 0.008 yr
Semi-major axis (a)0.052 ± 0.002″
Eccentricity (e)0.6 ± 0.1
Inclination (i)121 ± 5°
Longitude of the node (Ω)270 ± 15°
Periastron epoch (T)2003.68 ± 0.05
Argument of periastron (ω)
(secondary)		54 ± 20°
Orbit [9]
PrimaryAB Dor A
CompanionAB Dor C
Period (P)12.895 yr
Semi-major axis (a)0.304″
Eccentricity (e)0.281
Inclination (i)63.0°
Longitude of the node (Ω)159.2°
Periastron epoch (T)B 1991.822
Argument of periastron (ω)
(secondary)		157.3°
Details
AB Dor A
Mass 0.86 [10]   M☉
Radius 0.96±0.06 [10]   R☉
Temperature 5,250 [11]   K
Rotation 0.5148 days [11]
Age 50 [12]   Myr
AB Dor C
Mass 0.090±0.008 [13]   M☉
Radius 0.178 [14] [lower-alpha 1]   R☉
Luminosity0.0021±0.0005 [14]   L☉
Temperature 2925+170
−145 [14]   K
Age 25–120 [13]   Myr
AB Dor Ba
Mass 0.28 ± 0.05 [5]   M☉
AB Dor Bb
Mass 0.25 ± 0.05 [5]   M☉
Other designations
AB Dor, CD−65° 332, HD  36705, HIP  25647
Database references
SIMBAD data
ARICNS data

AB Doradus is a pre-main-sequence quadruple [5] star system in the constellation Dorado. The primary is a flare star that shows periodic increases in activity.

Contents

A visual band light curve for AB Doradus. The main plot shows the long-term variability, and the inset shows the periodic variability (as of Oct/Nov 1989). Adapted from Innis et al. (2008) and Anders (1990). ABDorLightCurve.png
A visual band light curve for AB Doradus. The main plot shows the long-term variability, and the inset shows the periodic variability (as of Oct/Nov 1989). Adapted from Innis et al. (2008) and Anders (1990).

The primary star in this system spins at a rate 50 times that of the Sun, and consequently has a strong magnetic field. [16] It has a greater number of star spots than the Sun. These can cause the luminosity of the star to appear to vary over each orbital cycle. Measurements of the spin rate of this star at its equator have shown that it varies over time due to the effect of this magnetic field. [17]

The system has four components consisting of a pair of binary star systems separated by an angle of about 9″. [5] The binary star AB Doradus Ba/Bb orbits the primary AB Doradus A at an average distance of 135 astronomical units (AUs). AB Doradus C is a closer in companion that orbits the primary at a distance of 5.1 AU, and has an orbital period of 11.75 years.

AB Doradus C is among the lowest-mass stars ever found. At an estimated mass 93 times Jupiter's, it is near the limit of 75–83 Jupiter masses below which it would be classified as a brown dwarf. [18] However, recent evidence indicates that the star may actually be a binary system itself, consisting of two brown dwarfs, AB Doradus Ca/Cb, with 72 and 13 Jupiter masses, respectively. [19]

This system is a member of the eponymous AB Doradus Moving Group, a loose stellar association of about 30 stars that are all approximately the same age and moving in the same general direction. [20] It is likely that all of these stars formed in the same giant molecular cloud.

Notes

  1. ↑ Applying the Stefan–Boltzmann law with a nominal solar effective temperature of 5,772  K:
    .

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References

  1. 1 2 Gaia Collaboration (2016). "Gaia Data Release 1". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 595: A2. arXiv: 1609.04172 . Bibcode:2016A&A...595A...2G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201629512. S2CID   1828208.
  2. 1 2 3 Innis, J. L.; et al. (May 2008), "Recent CCD Photometry of AB Dor, and a Comment on the Long-term Activity Cycle", Information Bulletin on Variable Stars, 5832 (5832): 1, Bibcode:2008IBVS.5832....1I.
  3. ↑ "NAME AB Dor B". SIMBAD . Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg . Retrieved 19 July 2017.
  4. ↑ Torres, C. A. O.; et al. (December 2006), "Search for associations containing young stars (SACY). I. Sample and searching method", Astronomy and Astrophysics , 460 (3): 695–708, arXiv: astro-ph/0609258 , Bibcode:2006A&A...460..695T, doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20065602, S2CID   16080025.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Azulay, R.; et al. (June 2015), "Dynamical masses of the low-mass stellar binary AB Doradus B", Astronomy & Astrophysics, 578: 9, arXiv: 1504.02766 , Bibcode:2015A&A...578A..16A, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201525704, S2CID   15893005, A16.
  6. ↑ Gontcharov, G. A. (2006). "Pulkovo Compilation of Radial Velocities for 35 495 Hipparcos stars in a common system". Astronomy Letters. 32 (11): 759–771. arXiv: 1606.08053 . Bibcode:2006AstL...32..759G. doi:10.1134/S1063773706110065. S2CID   119231169.
  7. 1 2 3 van Leeuwen, F.; et al. (2007). "Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 474 (2): 653–664. arXiv: 0708.1752 . Bibcode:2007A&A...474..653V. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078357. S2CID   18759600.
  8. ↑ Holmberg, J.; et al. (July 2009). "The Geneva-Copenhagen survey of the solar neighbourhood. III. Improved distances, ages, and kinematics". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 501 (3): 941–947. arXiv: 0811.3982 . Bibcode:2009A&A...501..941H. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200811191. S2CID   118577511.
  9. ↑ "Sixth Catalog of Orbits of Visual Binary Stars". United States Naval Observatory. Archived from the original on 1 August 2017. Retrieved 19 June 2017.
  10. 1 2 Drake, Jeremy J.; et al. (March 2015), "X-Ray Evidence for a Pole-dominated Corona on AB Dor", The Astrophysical Journal, 802 (1): 11, arXiv: 1501.05846 , Bibcode:2015ApJ...802...62D, doi:10.1088/0004-637X/802/1/62, S2CID   119090455, 62.
  11. 1 2 Strassmeier, Klaus G. (September 2009), "Starspots", The Astronomy and Astrophysics Review, 17 (3): 251–308, Bibcode:2009A&ARv..17..251S, doi: 10.1007/s00159-009-0020-6
  12. ↑ K. L. Luhman; John R. Stauffer; E. E. Mamajek (2005). "The Age of AB Dor". Astrophysical Journal. 628 (1): L69–L72. arXiv: astro-ph/0510665 . Bibcode:2005ApJ...628L..69L. doi:10.1086/432617. S2CID   10101115.
  13. 1 2 Azulay, R.; Guirado, J. C.; et al. (2017). "The AB Doradus system revisited: The dynamical mass of AB Dor A/C". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 607: A10. Bibcode:2017A&A...607A..10A. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/201730641 .
  14. 1 2 3 Close, Laird M.; Thatte, Niranjan; Nielsen, Eric L.; Abuter, Roberto; Clarke, Fraser; Tecza, Matthias (2007-08-01). "New Photometry and Spectra of AB Doradus C: An Accurate Mass Determination of a Young Low-Mass Object with Theoretical Evolutionary Tracks". The Astrophysical Journal. 665: 736–743. doi:10.1086/518207. ISSN   0004-637X.
  15. ↑ Anders, G. (March 1990). "Changes in the Light Curve of AB Doradus (HD 36705)". Information Bulletin on Variable Stars. 3437: 1. Bibcode:1990IBVS.3437....1A . Retrieved 1 January 2022.
  16. ↑ JR Minkel (2001-12-11). "Shimmying Star May Shed Light on Forces at Work in the Sun". Scientific American . Retrieved 2006-06-25.
  17. ↑ A. C. Cameron; J. F. Donati. "Christmas Star Does the Twist". PPARC. Archived from the original on 2015-09-23. Retrieved 2006-08-25. (The AB Dor Picture Gallery)
  18. ↑ "Weighing the Smallest Stars". ESO. 2005-01-19. Retrieved 2006-08-13.
  19. ↑ Climent, J. B.; Berger, J. P.; et al. (2019). "Evidence of a Substellar Companion to AB Dor C". The Astrophysical Journal. 886 (1): L9. arXiv: 1911.04736 . Bibcode:2019ApJ...886L...9C. doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/ab5065 .
  20. ↑ B. Zuckerman; I. Song; M. S. Bessell (2005). "The AB Doradus Moving Group". The Astrophysical Journal. 613 (1): L65–L68. Bibcode:2004ApJ...613L..65Z. doi: 10.1086/425036 .
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