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Kate Douglas Wiggin was an American educator, author and composer. She wrote children's stories, most notably the classic children's novel Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm, and composed collections of children's songs. She started the first free kindergarten in San Francisco in 1878. With her sister during the 1880s, she also established a training school for kindergarten teachers. Kate Wiggin devoted her adult life to the welfare of children in an era when children were commonly thought of as cheap labor.
Kindergarten is a preschool educational approach based on playing, singing, practical activities such as drawing, and social interaction as part of the transition from home to school. Such institutions were originally made in the late 18th century in Germany, Bavaria and Alsace to serve children whose parents both worked outside home. The term was coined by the German Friedrich Fröbel, whose approach globally influenced early-years education. Today, the term is used in many countries to describe a variety of educational institutions and learning spaces for children ranging from 2 to 6 years of age, based on a variety of teaching methods.
A preschool, also known as nursery school, pre-primary school, or play school or creche, is an educational establishment or learning space offering early childhood education to children before they begin compulsory education at primary school. It may be publicly or privately operated, and may be subsidized from public funds.
Friedrich Wilhelm August Fröbel or Froebel was a German pedagogue, a student of Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi, who laid the foundation for modern education based on the recognition that children have unique needs and capabilities. He created the concept of the kindergarten and coined the word, which soon entered the English language as well. He also developed the educational toys known as Froebel gifts.
National Louis University (NLU) is a private university with its main campus in Chicago, Illinois. NLU enrolls undergraduate and graduate students in more than 60 programs across its four colleges. It has locations throughout the Chicago metropolitan area as well as a regional campus in Tampa, Florida, where it serves students from 13 counties in that state’s central region.
Susan Elizabeth Blow was an American educator who opened the first successful public kindergarten in the United States. She was known as the "Mother of the Kindergarten."
Maria Kraus-Boelté (1836–1918) was a pioneer of Fröbel education in the United States, and helped promote kindergarten training as suitable for study at university level.
Emily Anne Eliza Shirreff was a pioneer in the movement for the higher education of women and the development of the Froebelian principles in England.
Lucy Wheelock was an American early childhood education pioneer within the American kindergarten movement. She began her career by teaching the kindergarten program at Chauncy-Hall School (1879–89). Wheelock was the founder and head of Wheelock Kindergarten Training School, which later became Wheelock College in Boston, Massachusetts, and is now the namesake of Boston University's college of education BU Wheelock. She wrote, lectured, and translated on subjects related to education.
Elizabeth Harrison was an American educator from Kentucky. She was the founder and first president of what is today National Louis University in Chicago, Illinois. Harrison was a pioneer in creating professional standards for early childhood teachers and in promoting early childhood education.
Bertha Hofer Hegner was an educator and promoter of the Kindergarten Movement in Chicago, Illinois during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. She is remembered as the founder of the first kindergarten in Chicago, Illinois, the founder of the Pestalozzi-Froebel Teachers College, a school centered on training its students for teaching kindergarten in Chicago, and the fourth President of Columbia College of Expression.
Eliza Cooper Blaker was an American educator who headed the free kindergarten movement in Indianapolis from 1882 to 1926 as the first superintendent of schools for the Indianapolis Free Kindergarten and Children's Aid Society. She also established the Indianapolis Kindergarten and Primary Normal Training School at her Indianapolis home in 1882. Renamed the Teachers College of Indianapolis in 1905, she served as its president until her death in 1926. Four years later it became part of the education department at Butler University.
Elizabeth Adelaide Manning was a British writer and editor. She championed kindergartens. She was one of the first students to attend Girton College. Manning was active for the National Indian Association which championed education and the needs of women in India.
The Pestalozzi-Fröbel-Haus was founded in 1882. It was one of the first institutions in Germany which started to train early childhood teachers, as well as one of the first where women could get a professional training in Berlin. It practiced a belief in teaching children as individuals.
Anna Evans Murray (1857–1955) was an American civic leader, educator, and early advocate of free kindergarten and the training of kindergarten teachers. In 1898 she successfully lobbied Congress for the first federal funds for kindergarten classes, and introduced kindergarten to the Washington, D.C. public school system.
Rose Haas Alschuler was an American educator. She worked with the Chicago Woman's Club to create and direct the first nursery school in Chicago. That school, organized in the Franklin Public School system was also the second nursery school created in the United States. Alschuler continued to support and promote early childhood education throughout her life. She later became a fund-raiser for the new State of Israel.
Annie Coolidge Rust (?–?) was a 19th-century American educator from the U.S. state of Virginia. A proponent of the Froebelian method, she focused on kindergarten training schools, playground courses, and a mother's course. She is remembered for Miss Annie Coolidge Rust's Froebel School of Kindergarten Normal Classes. She is remembered as the founder of the Miss Annie Coolidge Rust's Froebel School of Kindergarten Normal Classes.
Haydee Campbell was an American educator, an advocate for kindergarten for African-American children.
Alice Mary Buckton (1867-1944) was an English educator, poet, community playwright, feminist and mystic.
Aikaterini Laskaridou was a Greek feminist and educator who created the kindergarten system in Greece and introduced physical exercise into the girls' schools.
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 La Orme Ladd, Sadie F. Smith, and Thord Lund, "In Memory of Alice H. Putnam", The Kindergarten-primary Magazine (March 1919), Vol. 31, No. 7.
- ↑ "Elizabeth Harrison and the Kindergarten Movement in Chicago", National Louis University .
- 1 2 3 Roberta Lyn Wollons, Kindergartens and Cultures: The Global Diffusion of an Idea (2000), p. 47-48.
- 1 2 3 4 Barbara Beatty, Preschool Education in America: The Culture of Young Children from the Colonial Era to the Present (1997), p. 84.
- ↑ Barbara Beatty, Preschool Education in America: The Culture of Young Children from the Colonial Era to the Present (1997), p. 86.
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