Madagascar,officially the Republic of Madagascar,is an island country lying off the southeastern coast of Africa. It is the world's fourth largest island,the second-largest island country and the 44th largest country in the world. Its capital and largest city is Antananarivo.
Politics of Madagascar takes place in a framework of a semi-presidential representative democratic republic,with a pluralist multi-party system. The President of Madagascar is head of state and the Prime Minister of Madagascar is head of government. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the bicameral parliament,which is composed of the Senate and the National Assembly. The Judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature.
Jacques Hugues Sylla was a Malagasy politician. He was the Prime Minister of Madagascar under President Marc Ravalomanana from February 2002 to January 2007. He subsequently served as the President of the National Assembly of Madagascar from October 2007 to March 2009.
Albert Zafy was a Malagasy politician and educator who served as the fourth President of Madagascar from 1993 to 1996. In 1988,he founded the National Union for Democracy and Development (UNDD).
Didier Ignace Ratsiraka was a Malagasy politician and naval officer who was the third President of Madagascar from 1975 to 1993 and the fifth from 1997 to 2002. At the time of his death,he was the longest-serving President of Madagascar.
William Joseph Browne,was a Canadian lawyer,judge and politician. He served in the Newfoundland House of Assembly and the House of Commons of Canada.
Patrick Xavier Heriniaina Ramiaramanana is a Malagasy politician. He was Mayor of Antananarivo,the capital of Madagascar,before serving in the government from 2007 to 2008.
Charles Rabemananjara was Prime Minister of Madagascar from 2007 to 2009. He took office on 20 January 2007 at the beginning of the second term of President Marc Ravalomanana.
Yvan Randriasandratriniony is a Malagasy politician. He served in the government of Madagascar as Minister of Agriculture,Breeding and Fishing from March 2002 to January 2004 and Minister of Decentralization and Regional Planning from January 2007 to April 2008. He became President of Tiako i Madagasikara (TIM),the ruling party,in October 2007,and he was President of the Senate of Madagascar from May 2008 to March 2009;he also served for a time as ambassador to South Africa.
Parliamentary elections were held in Madagascar on 23 September 2007,with the vote to be repeated in two constituencies on 14 November 2007. 637 candidates contested the election,in which the 127 seats in the National Assembly were at stake.
Robert Lecourt was a French politician and lawyer,judge and the fourth President of the European Court of Justice. He was born in Pavilly and died in Boulogne-Billancourt.
Philibert Tsiranana was a Malagasy politician and leader who served as the seventh Prime Minister of Madagascar from 1958 to 1959,and then later the first President of Madagascar from 1959 to 1972.
Andry Nirina Rajoelina is a French-Malagasy politician and businessman who is the president-elect of Madagascar. He previously served as president of Madagascar from 2019 to 2023,and was president of a provisional government from 2009 to 2014 following a political crisis and military-backed coup,having held the office of Mayor of Antananarivo for one year prior. Before entering the political arena,Rajoelina was involved in the private sector,including a printing and advertising company called Injet in 1999 and the Viva radio and television networks in 2007.
The High Transitional Authority was a provisional executive body that came to power in Madagascar following the coup that forced Marc Ravalomanana to leave the country on March 17,2009,as a result of the 2009 Malagasy protests. It was headed by Andry Rajoelina,who appointed members to the body weeks prior to the handing of executive authority from Ravalomanana to the military,which subsequently gave the authority over to the High Transitional Authority.
The Colony of Madagascar and Dependencies was a French colony off the coast of Southeast Africa between 1897 and 1958 in what is now Madagascar. The colony was formerly a protectorate of France known as Malagasy Protectorate. The protectorate became a colony,following Queen Ranavalona III's exile to Réunion.
The Parti des déshérités de Madagascar was a political party active in Madagascar from June 1946 into the First Republic (1960–1972). It was formed in reaction to the establishment and rapid political success of the Mouvement démocratique de la rénovation malgache (MDRM) political party,formed by Merina elites on a platform of independence from France. While nationalism - and therefore the MDRM - had widespread support from all ethnic communities,PADESM championed the empowerment and equitable government of coastal peoples,who had historically been subjugated by the Merina and feared the MDRM could ensure their return to political dominance upon independence. They actively recruited and campaigned along ethnic lines,initially including coastal peoples and the descendants of Merina slaves,but eventually excluding the latter entirely. The formation and political success of PADESM was actively fostered by the French colonial administration,which manipulated election results in favor of the coastal party.
Hekuran Isai was an Albanian politician of the Albanian Party of Labour (PPSh).
Christine Harijaona Razanamahasoa is a Malagasy politician. She served as a Minister of Justice between 2009 and 2013,and as the president of the National Assembly of Madagascar from February till May 2014,becoming the first woman in this position. She was elected again on 16 July 2019.
Marie Gisèle Aimée Rabesahala was a Malagasy politician and activist who was the first woman to hold a ministerial position in the government of Madagascar. She entered politics at the age of 17,campaigning on behalf of political prisoners,and becoming Madagascar's first woman municipal councilor,before becoming the first Malagasy woman to establish and lead a political party. She was a committed Marxist and co-founded the communist Congress Party for the Independence of Madagascar,which took power in 1975. In 1977 she became Madagascar's first female minister,responsible for promoting revolutionary art and culture,but lost her job in 1991 when her ministry was abolished in the course of Madagascar's return to multi-party democracy. She remained an active political campaigner and journalist until her death in 2011.
Michel Randria was a Malagasy teacher and politician who was a senator for French Madagascar from 1948 to 1952.
