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The Canton Fair or China Import and Export Fair, is a trade fair held in the spring and autumn seasons each year since the spring of 1957 in Canton (Guangzhou), Guangdong, China. [1] It is the oldest, largest, and the most representative trade fair in China. [2]
Canton Fair | |||||||||||||||
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Simplified Chinese | 中国 进出口 商品 交易 会 | ||||||||||||||
Traditional Chinese | 中國進出口商品交易會 | ||||||||||||||
Literal meaning | China Import and Export Fair | ||||||||||||||
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Alternative Chinese name | |||||||||||||||
Simplified Chinese | 广 交 会 | ||||||||||||||
Traditional Chinese | 廣交會 | ||||||||||||||
Literal meaning | Canton Fair | ||||||||||||||
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Its full name since 2007 has been China Import and Export Fair (中国进出口商品交易会),renamed from Chinese Export Commodities Fair (中国出口商品交易会). [3] The fair is co-hosted by the Ministry of Commerce of China and the provincial government of Guangdong Province and organized by China Foreign Trade Centre. [4]
The National Pavilion (export section) of Canton Fair is sorted into 16 categories of products,which will be exhibited in 51 sections. Over 24,000 of China's best foreign trade corporations (enterprises) take part in the fair. These include private enterprises,factories,scientific research institutions,wholly foreign-owned enterprises,and foreign trade companies.
The fair leans to export trade,though import business is also done here. Apart from the above-mentioned,various types of business activities such as economic and technical cooperation and exchange,commodity inspection,insurance,transportation,advertising,and trade consultation are other activities that are also commonly carried out at the fair.
Guangzhou,also known as Canton,is the capital and largest city of Guangdong province in southern China. Located on the Pearl River about 120 km (75 mi) north-northwest of Hong Kong and 145 km (90 mi) north of Macau,Guangzhou has a history of over 2,200 years and was a major terminus of the maritime Silk Road;it continues to serve as a major port and transportation hub as well as being one of China's three largest cities. For a long time it was the only Chinese port accessible to most foreign traders. Guangzhou was captured by the British during the First Opium War and no longer enjoyed a monopoly after the war;consequently it lost trade to other ports such as Hong Kong and Shanghai,but continued to serve as a major transshipment port. Due to a high urban population and large volumes of port traffic,Guangzhou is classified as a Large-Port Megacity,the largest type of port city in the world. Due to worldwide travel restrictions at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic,Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport,the major airport of Guangzhou,briefly became the world's busiest airport by passenger traffic in 2020.
Guangdong,Cantonese:Canton or Kwangtung,is a province in southern China. It is China's top economically developed province and located on the north shore of the South China Sea,bordering Hong Kong. The capital of the province is Guangzhou. With a population of 126.84 million across a total area of about 179,800 km2 (69,400 sq mi),Guangdong is the most populous province of China and the 15th-largest by area as well as the second-most populous country subdivision in the world. In the province,the most developed city is Shenzhen,which directly borders Hong Kong and is often described as China's Silicon Valley.
The Ministry of Commerce (MOFCOM) is a executive department of the State Council of the People's Republic of China that is responsible for formulating policy on foreign trade,export and import regulations,foreign direct investments,consumer protection,market competition and negotiating bilateral and multilateral trade agreements. it is the 20th-ranking department of the State Council. The current minister is Wang Wentao.
The Canton System served as a means for Qing China to control trade with the West within its own country by focusing all trade on the southern port of Canton. The protectionist policy arose in 1757 as a response to a perceived political and commercial threat from abroad on the part of successive Chinese emperors.
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James Flint was an 18th-century British merchant and diplomat employed by the East India Company and noted for his role in precipitating the Canton System of Chinese trade with the West. One of the first English people to learn the Chinese language,Flint broke Qing dynasty court protocol through a direct complaint to the Qianlong Emperor,which led to three years of detention in the Portuguese colony of Macau. In later life,he was jointly responsible for the introduction of the soybean to North America.
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The Cohong,sometimes spelled kehang or gonghang,a guild of Chinese merchants or hongs,operated the import–export monopoly in Canton during the Qing dynasty (1644–1911). During the century prior to the First Opium War of 1839–1842,trade relations between China and Europe took place exclusively via the Cohong –a system formalised by an imperial edict of the Qianlong Emperor in 1760. The Chinese merchants who made up the Cohong were referred to as hangshang (行商) and their foreign counterparts as yanghang.
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The following is a timeline of the history of the Chinese city of Guangzhou,also formerly known as Panyu,Canton,and Kwang-chow.
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