Aceh, officially the Province of Aceh, is the westernmost province of Indonesia. It is located on the northern end of Sumatra island, with Banda Aceh being its capital and largest city. Granted a special autonomous status, Aceh is a religiously conservative territory and the only Indonesian province practicing the Sharia law officially. There are ten indigenous ethnic groups in this region, the largest being the Acehnese people, accounting for approximately 80% to 90% of the region's population.
The Free Aceh Movement was a separatist group seeking independence for the Aceh region of Sumatra, Indonesia. GAM fought against Indonesian government forces in the Aceh insurgency from 1976 to 2005, during which over 15,000 lives are believed to have been lost.
The Aceh War, also known as the Dutch War or the Infidel War (1873–1913), was an armed military conflict between the Sultanate of Aceh and the Kingdom of the Netherlands which was triggered by discussions between representatives of Aceh and the United States in Singapore during early 1873. The war was part of a series of conflicts in the late 19th century that consolidated Dutch rule over modern-day Indonesia.
Joannes Benedictus van Heutsz was a Dutch military officer who was appointed governor general of the Dutch East Indies in 1904, years after he had become famous years by bringing to an end to the long Aceh War.
Pagaruyung, also known as Pagarruyung, Pagar Ruyung and, Malayapura or Malayupura, was a kingdom that once stood in the island of Sumatra and the seat of the Minangkabau kings of Western Sumatra. Modern Pagaruyung is a village in Tanjung Emas subdistrict, Tanah Datar regency, located near the town of Batusangkar, Indonesia.
Sabang is a city in Aceh province, Indonesia consisting of Weh Island and several smaller islands off the northern tip of Sumatra. The administrative centre is located 17 kilometres (11 mi) north of Banda Aceh. The city covers an area of 122.13 square kilometres (47.15 sq mi) and had a population of 43,391 in the 2020 census although that total was subsequently adjusted to 41,197; the official estimate as at mid 2022 was 43,208. Sabang is known as the northernmost and westernmost city of Indonesia. It also has by far the smallest population of any city in Indonesia.
Teungku Mohammad Daud Beureueh was the military Governor of Aceh (1945–1953) and leader of the Darul Islam rebellion in the province (1953–1963).
The insurgency in Aceh, officially designated the Rebellion in Aceh by the Indonesian government, was a conflict fought by the Free Aceh Movement (GAM) between 1976, and 2005, with the goal of making the province of Aceh independent from Indonesia. The aftermath of a strong military offensive in 2003 and the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake brought a peace agreement and an end to the insurgency.
The Acehnese are an indigenous ethnic group from Aceh, Indonesia on the northernmost tip of the island of Sumatra. The area has a history of political struggle against the Dutch colonial rule. The vast majority of the Acehnese people are Muslims. The Acehnese people are also referred to by other names such as Lam Muri, Lambri, Akhir, Achin, Asji, A-tse and Atse. Their language, Acehnese, belongs to the Aceh–Chamic group of Malayo-Polynesian of the Austronesian language family.
Teuku Mohammad Hasan was an Indonesian politician and national hero from Aceh, who served as the first and only governor of Sumatra from 1945 until 1948. He also served as a cabinet minister in Sjafruddin Prawiranegara's emergency cabinet and was a member of both the Senate of the United States of Indonesia (USI) and the Provisional People's Representative Council (DPRS) of the Republic of Indonesia.
Muhammad Saman, better known as Teungku Chik di Tiro, was an Acehnese guerrilla fighter. On 6 November 1973 he was declared a National Hero of Indonesia.
Teungku Nyak Arif was an Acehnese nationalist and National Hero of Indonesia. He has been given the nickname Rencong of Aceh, after the traditional Acehnese weapon, for his bravery.
Kiai Haji Zainal Mustafa, born Hudaemi, and also known as Zainal Mustofa, was an Indonesian ulama and National Hero of Indonesia. He founded the Pesantren Sukamanah when he was 20. He was awarded the title of National Hero in 1972.
The 1947 Yogyakarta Dakota accident occurred when a Douglas C-47 Skytrain was carrying medical supplies to the de facto republican government of Indonesia at Yogyakarta which crashed on 29 July 1947.
Hasan Basry was a military general, Indonesian nationalist leader, and was a key figure in the liberation of Kalimantan from Dutch rule. During the Indonesian National Revolution, he acted as the military representative of the Indonesian army in Kalimantan and led a guerilla war against the Linggadjati Agreement. He was a key figure behind the 17 May Proclamation which rallied Kalimantan natives against Dutch rule in 1949. He was declared a National Hero of Indonesia in 2001.
Major Daniel Elias Mogot was a military officer involved in the Indonesian National Revolution. He was part of a group that established the Tangerang Military Academy and became its first director. He was killed during the Lengkong incident, an attempt to disarm a Japanese army depot in Lengkong.
Kyai Hajji Abdul Fatah Hasan, better known as Ki Fatah Hasan was an Islamic scholar and fighter for Indonesian Independence. Hasan was also a member of the Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence (BPUPK) which began meeting on 10 July 1945, after the addition of 6 members of the Indonesian nation at the second hearing.
Ismail Hasan Metareum was a politician from the United Development Party. He served as the party's chairman from 1989 until 1998, the vice chairman of the People's Representative Council from 1997 until 1999, and vice chairman of the Supreme Advisory Council.
Mr. Sutan Mohammad Amin Nasution, also known by his birth name Krueng Raba Nasution, was an Acehnese–Mandailing lawyer and politician.
Muhammad Hasan Gayo was an Indonesian politician and journalist from Aceh. He was active in youth guerilla groups during the Indonesian National Revolution, and later worked as a journalist during the Sukarno period.
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