Manufacturer | Northrop Grumman |
---|---|
Country of origin | United States |
Operator | Northrop Grumman |
Applications | ISS resupply |
Specifications | |
Spacecraft type | Uncrewed cargo vehicle |
Launch mass | 6,600 kg |
Dry mass | 3,400 kg |
Payload capacity | 3,000 kg |
Volume | 18.9 m3 |
Power | 3.5 kW |
Design life | 1 week to 2 years [1] |
Dimensions | |
Length | 5.1 m |
Diameter | 3.07 m |
Production | |
Status | In service |
On order | 5 |
Built | 21 |
Launched | 20 |
Operational | 1 |
Retired | 18 |
Lost | 1 |
Maiden launch | 18 September 2013 |
Last launch | 30 January 2024 |
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Cygnus is an expendable American cargo spacecraft developed by Orbital Sciences Corporation but manufactured and launched by Northrop Grumman Space Systems as part of NASA's Commercial Resupply Services (CRS) program. It is usually launched by Northrop Grumman's Antares rocket from the Wallops Flight Facility, although three flights were on ULA's Atlas V and three are planned for SpaceX's Falcon 9, in both cases launching from Cape Canaveral Space Force Station. It transports supplies to the International Space Station (ISS) following the retirement of the American Space Shuttle. Since August 2000, ISS resupply missions have been regularly flown by the Russian Progress spacecraft, as well as by the European Automated Transfer Vehicle, and the Japanese H-II Transfer Vehicle. With the Cygnus spacecraft and the SpaceX Dragon, NASA seeks to increase its partnerships with domestic commercial aviation and aeronautics industry. [2]
Cygnus is the Latinized Greek word for swan and a northern constellation.
With Rocketplane Kistler unable to meet funding obligations for its K-1 launch vehicle under the terms of the COTS agreement, NASA decided on 18 October 2007 to terminate its contract with Rocketplane Kistler and re-award its contract after a competition. [3] On 19 February 2008, NASA announced that it had chosen Orbital Sciences as the new winner. [4] On 23 December 2008, NASA awarded Orbital Sciences a $1.9 billion contract under the Commercial Resupply Services (CRS) program. Under this contract, Orbital Sciences agreed to deliver up to 20 tons of cargo to the ISS through 2016 in eight Cygnus spacecraft flights. [2]
By April 2010, Orbital had displayed a full-scale model of the Cygnus cargo delivery spacecraft at the National Space Symposium (NSS) in Colorado Springs, CO. [5]
Launched on an Antares (renamed from Taurus II) medium-class launch vehicle or Atlas V, the first Cygnus flight was originally planned to occur in December 2010. [6] · [7] The Cygnus demonstration mission was successfully launched on 18 September 2013. [8] On 12 January 2014, the first scheduled Cygnus resupply mission arrived at the space station; the capsule carried Christmas presents and fresh fruit for the astronauts. Its arrival was delayed, first by the need to repair the station, and then by frigid weather at the launch site and solar flares that forced postponements. [8] · [9]
With the December 2015 launch of Orb CRS-4 on Atlas V, the enhanced version of Cygnus made its debut. While it was planned from the beginning to fly on the fifth mission, the Orb CRS-3 failure and subsequent move to Atlas V meant a delay. However, lessons learned on packing and the extra capabilities of the Atlas allowed payload to be increased to 3,500 kg (7,700 lb). [10]
The Cygnus spacecraft consists of two basic components: the Pressurized Cargo Module (PCM) and the Service Module (SM). The PCM is manufactured by Thales Alenia Space in Turin, (Italy). The first PCMs had an empty mass of 1,500 kg (3,300 lb) [11] and a volume of 18 m3 (640 cu ft). [12] The service module is built by Orbital ATK and is based on their GEOStar and LEOStar spacecraft buses as well as components from the development of the Dawn spacecraft. It has a gross mass of 1,800 kg (4,000 lb) with propulsion provided by 32 monopropellant thrusters for attitude control. The SM also carries one BT-4 main engine [13] burning hypergolic propellants hydrazine and nitrogen tetroxide (the propellant mass is 800 kg (1,800 lb) [14] [15] ). The service module is capable of producing up to 4 kW of electrical power via two gallium arsenide solar arrays. [12] On 12 November 2009, Dutch Space announced it would provide the solar arrays for the first Cygnus spacecraft. [16]
The fourth and all subsequent Cygnus spacecraft are the "Enhanced" variant, as the standard version has been retired. [17] These have a stretched 1,800 kg (4,000 lb) empty weight PCM with interior volume increased by 50% to 27 m3 (950 cu ft) and the service module uses Orbital ATK Ultraflex solar arrays providing the same power as the previous arrays at a lower mass. [12] · [17] A new upper stage built by Orbital ATK, the Castor 30XL, is used together with the enhanced Cygnus. With a more powerful upper stage and lighter solar arrays, the Cygnus payload delivered to the ISS can be increased by 700 kg (1,500 lb). [18]
During nominal CRS missions, Cygnus maneuvers close to the International Space Station, where the Canadarm2 robotic arm grapples the spacecraft and berths it to a Common Berthing Mechanism on the Harmony module in a similar fashion to the Japanese H-II Transfer Vehicle and the retired SpaceX Dragon, [12] but not the other active American CRS Dragon 2 vehicle, which docks autonomously. For typical missions, Cygnus remains berthed for about 30 days. [19] · [20] Unlike Dragon 2 and the earlier Dragon, Cygnus does not provide cargo return capability. However, it can be loaded with obsolete equipment and trash for destructive reentry like the Russian Progress vehicles. [21]
An earlier proposed version of Cygnus would have replaced the PCM with the Unpressurized Cargo Module (UCM), based on NASA's ExPRESS Logistics Carrier, and would have been used to transport unpressurized cargo, such as ISS Orbital Replacement Units. [6] · [22] Another proposed variant would have replaced the PCM with the Return Cargo Module (RCM), which would have allowed Cygnus to return cargo to Earth. [6] ·
In August 2023, Northrop Grumman announced a further enlarged Mission B version of Cygnus, with a 1.5 m (4.9 ft) stretch to the payload module and payload mass increased to 5,000 kg (11,000 lb). This version is expected to enter service with the NG-23 mission in 2025 (the first to use the new Antares 330 launch vehicle). [23]
In August 2019, NASA decided to sole source its design for the Minimal Habitation Module (Habitation and Logistics Outpost, or HALO) of the Lunar Gateway to Northrop Grumman Innovation Systems, which offered a minimalist 6.1 m (20 ft) by 3 m (9.8 ft) design based directly on the Enhanced Cygnus, as well as a larger 7 m (23 ft) by 4.4 m (14 ft) design [24] [25] having radial docking ports, body-mounted radiators (BMRs), batteries and communications antennas added on the outside. Northrop Grumman Innovation Systems opted to build the minimalist design, which offered the advantage of component compatibility and expedited testing of life support systems on existing Cygnus spacecraft. [26] [27] On 5 June 2020, NASA awarded Northrop Grumman Innovation Systems a $187 million contract to complete the preliminary design of HALO. NASA will sign a separate contract with Northrop for the fabrication of the HALO, and for integration with the Power and Propulsion Element (PPE), being built by Maxar. [26] [27]
List includes only missions that have flown and six planned missions. As of January 2024 [update] two missions are currently planned to be launched on the Falcon 9 rocket from SLC-40, and three from Wallops on an Antares 330. Cygnus is the only cargo freighter to launch on four different orbital launchers, that is, Antares 100 series, Atlas V, Antares 200 series and Falcon 9 Block 5 rockets. [28]
Each mission is named for a notable member of the Human spaceflight community, often but not exclusively former NASA astronauts.
# | Mission | Patch | Payload | Variant | Launch date | Rocket | Payload mass | Outcome | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | Cygnus Mass Simulator | Cygnus Payload Simulator | N.A. | 21 April 2013, 21:00:00 UTC | Antares 110 | Success | [29] · [30] | ||
First Antares launch, demonstrated Antares's performance and capability to place its payload on a precise target orbit. [31] | |||||||||
1 | Orb-D1 G. David Low | Cygnus 1 Orbital Sciences COTS Demo Flight | Standard | 18 September 2013, 14:58:00 UTC | Antares 110 | 1,299 lb (589 kg) | Success | [32] · [33] · [29] · [34] | |
First Cygnus mission, first mission to rendezvous with ISS, first mission to berth with ISS, second launch of Antares. Mission Directors: Mike Orlowski (lead) and Ken Peek. The rendezvous between the new Cygnus cargo freighter and the International Space Station was delayed due to a computer data link problem, [35] but the issue was resolved and berthing followed shortly thereafter. [36] | |||||||||
2 | Orb-1 C. Gordon Fullerton | Orbital-1 | Standard | 9 January 2014, 18:07:05 UTC | Antares 120 | 2,780 lb (1,260 kg) | Success | [33] · [29] · [37] · [34] | |
First Commercial Resupply Service (CRS) mission for Cygnus, first Antares launch using the Castor 30B upperstage. | |||||||||
3 | Orb-2 Janice E. Voss | Orbital Sciences CRS Flight 2 | Standard | 13 July 2014, 16:52:14 UTC | Antares 120 | 3,293 lb (1,494 kg) | Success | [29] · [34] | |
Second Commercial Resupply Service (CRS) mission for Cygnus. | |||||||||
4 | Orb-3 Deke Slayton | Orbital Sciences CRS Flight 3 | Standard | 28 October 2014, 22:22:38 UTC | Antares 130 | 4,883 lb (2,215 kg) | Failure | [38] · [34] | |
First Antares launch to use Castor 30XL upperstage, delayed due to boat in launch safe zone. Second takeoff attempt suffered a catastrophic anomaly resulting in an explosion shortly after launch. Contents of the cargo included food and care packages for the crew, parts, experiments, and the Arkyd-3 Flight Test (Non-optical) Satellite from Planetary Resources. | |||||||||
5 | OA-4 Deke Slayton II | Orbital ATK CRS Flight 4 | Enhanced | 6 December 2015, 21:44:57 UTC | Atlas V 401 | 7,746 lb (3,514 kg) | Success | [39] · [40] · [34] | |
First Enhanced Cygnus mission; Orbital Sciences contracted with United Launch Alliance to launch this Cygnus on an Atlas V rocket from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station. | |||||||||
6 | OA-6 Rick Husband | Orbital ATK CRS Flight 6 | Enhanced | 23 March 2016, 03:05:52 UTC | Atlas V 401 | 7,758 lb (3,519 kg) | Success | [39] · [41] · [40] · [42] · [34] | |
Second mission to fly on an Atlas V. Orbital Sciences had an option with United Launch Alliance to conduct a third Cygnus launch on an Atlas V rocket if necessary. | |||||||||
7 | OA-5 Alan Poindexter | Orbital ATK CRS Flight 5 | Enhanced | 17 October 2016, 23:45:36 UTC | Antares 230 | 5,163 lb (2,342 kg) | Success | [43] · [44] · [45] | |
The Antares 230 rocket carrying Cygnus lifted off at 23:45:36 UTC, 17 October 2016. Successful rendezvous was achieved on 23 October 2016 at 14:53 UTC. | |||||||||
8 | OA-7 John Glenn | Orbital ATK CRS Flight 7 | Enhanced | 18 April 2017, 15:11:26 UTC | Atlas V 401 | 7,443 lb (3,376 kg) | Success | [46] [47] · [41] · [40] · [42] · [34] | |
9 | OA-8E Gene Cernan | Orbital ATK CRS Flight 8 | Enhanced | 12 November 2017, 12:19:51 UTC | Antares 230 | 7,359 lb (3,338 kg) | Success | [48] [47] · [41] · [40] · [42] | |
11 November 2017, launch was scrubbed just before launch when a general aviation aircraft entered the hazard zone and did not respond to calls. [49] | |||||||||
10 | OA-9E J.R. Thompson | Orbital ATK CRS Flight 9 | Enhanced | 21 May 2018, 08:44:06 UTC | Antares 230 | 7,385 lb (3,350 kg) | Success | [50] [51] | |
It became the first time a commercial vehicle performed ISS reboosting when, at 20:25 UTC on July 10, 2018 , Cygnus’s main engine was fired for about 50 seconds. Although it was just a reboost test, it raised the altitude by about 295 feet, according to NASA. [52] | |||||||||
11 | NG-10 John Young | Northrop Grumman CRS Flight 10 | Enhanced | 17 November 2018, 09:01:31 UTC | Antares 230 | 7,386 lb (3,350 kg) | Success | [53] · [54] | |
12 | NG-11 Roger Chaffee | Northrop Grumman CRS Flight 11 | Enhanced | 17 April 2019, 20:46:07 UTC | Antares 230 | 7,575 lb (3,436 kg) | Success | [55] | |
13 | NG-12 Alan Bean | Northrop Grumman CRS Flight 12 | Enhanced | 2 November 2019, 13:59:47 UTC | Antares 230+ | 8,221 lb (3,729 kg) | Success | ||
14 | NG-13 Robert H. Lawrence | Northrop Grumman CRS Flight 13 | Enhanced | 15 February 2020, 20:21:01 UTC | Antares 230+ | 8,009 lb (3,633 kg) | Success | [56] | |
9 February 2020, launch was scrubbed due to a ground support issue. [57] | |||||||||
15 | NG-14 Kalpana Chawla | Northrop Grumman CRS Flight 14 | Enhanced | 3 October 2020, 01:16:14 UTC | Antares 230+ | 7,624 lb (3,458 kg) | Success | [58] | |
1 October 2020, launch delayed at 11:00 due to boat in range [59] 1 October 2020, launch was scrubbed due to a ground support issue [60] | |||||||||
16 | NG-15 Katherine Johnson | Northrop Grumman CRS Flight 15 | Enhanced | 20 February 2021, 17:36:50 UTC | Antares 230+ | 8,400 lb (3,800 kg) | Success | ||
17 | NG-16 Ellison Onizuka | Northrop Grumman CRS Flight 16 | Enhanced | 10 August 2021, 22:01:05 UTC | Antares 230+ | 8,208 lb (3,723 kg) | Success | [61] | |
18 | NG-17 Piers Sellers | Northrop Grumman CRS Flight 17 | Enhanced | 19 February 2022, 17:40:03 UTC | Antares 230+ | 8,049 lb (3,651 kg) | Success | ||
Performed the first operational limited reboost of ISS by a commercial vehicle on 25 June 2022 after it was aborted after few seconds on 20 June 2022. [62] [63] | |||||||||
19 | NG-18 Sally Ride | Northrop Grumman CRS Flight 18 | Enhanced | 7 November 2022, 10:32:42 UTC | Antares 230+ | 8,173 lb (3,707 kg) | Success | [64] [65] [66] | |
6 November 2022, scrubbed due to fire alarm in mission control. [67] | |||||||||
20 | NG-19 Laurel Clark | Northrop Grumman CRS Flight 19 | Enhanced | 2 August 2023, 00:31:14 UTC [65] | Antares 230+ | 8,345 lb (3,785 kg) | Success | [68] | |
21 | NG-20 Patricia “Patty” Hilliard Robertson | Northrop Grumman CRS Flight 20 | Enhanced | 30 January 2024 [69] | Falcon 9 Block 5 ♺, B1077.10 | TBA | TBA | ||
Northrop Grummam contracted with SpaceX to launch this Cygnus on a Falcon 9 Block 5 rocket from Cape Canaveral Space Force Station. | |||||||||
22 | NG-21 TBA | TBA | Northrop Grumman CRS Flight 21 | Enhanced | August 2024 [70] | Falcon 9 Block 5 | TBA | TBA | |
23 | NG-22 TBA | TBA | Northrop Grumman CRS Flight 22 | Enhanced | February 2025 [71] | Falcon 9 Block 5 | TBA | TBA | |
24 | NG-23 TBA | TBA | Northrop Grumman CRS Flight 23 | Enhanced | June 2025 [72] | Antares 330 | TBA | TBA | |
First flight of the Antares 330. | |||||||||
25 | NG-24 TBA | TBA | Northrop Grumman CRS Flight 24 | Enhanced | January 2026 [73] | Antares 330 | TBA | TBA | |
25 | NG-25 TBA | TBA | Northrop Grumman CRS Flight 25 | Enhanced | 2026 [74] | Antares 330 | TBA | TBA | |
In March 2022, NASA ordered six additional flights, Cygnus NG-20 to NG-25, to resupply the ISS through 2026. [75]
Antares, known during early development as Taurus II, is an expendable launch system developed by Orbital Sciences Corporation and the Pivdenne Design Bureau to launch the Cygnus spacecraft to the International Space Station as part of NASA's COTS and CRS programs. Able to launch payloads heavier than 8,000 kg (18,000 lb) into low Earth orbit, Antares is the largest rocket operated by Northrop Grumman. Antares launches from the Mid-Atlantic Regional Spaceport and made its inaugural flight on April 21, 2013. Antares 100 was retired in 2014 and series 200 was retired in 2023 due to component unavailability. As of January 2024 Antares 300 is under development.
Commercial Resupply Services (CRS) are a series of flights awarded by NASA for the delivery of cargo and supplies to the International Space Station (ISS) on commercially operated spacecraft. The first CRS contracts were signed in 2008 and awarded $1.6 billion to SpaceX for twelve cargo Dragon and $1.9 billion to Orbital Sciences for eight Cygnus flights, covering deliveries to 2016. The Falcon 9 and Antares rockets were also developed under the CRS program to deliver cargo spacecraft to the ISS.
OA-4, previously known as Orbital-4, was the fourth successful flight of the Orbital ATK uncrewed resupply spacecraft Cygnus and its third flight to the International Space Station (ISS) under the Commercial Resupply Services (CRS-1) contract with NASA. With the Antares launch vehicle undergoing a redesign following its failure during the Orb-3 launch, OA-4 was launched by an Atlas V launch vehicle. Following three launch delays due to inclement weather beginning on 3 December 2015, OA-4 was launched at 21:44:57 UTC on 6 December 2015. With a liftoff weight of 7,492 kg (16,517 lb), OA-4 became the heaviest payload ever launched on an Atlas V. The spacecraft rendezvoused with and was berthed to the ISS on 9 December 2015. It was released on 19 February 2016 after 72 days at the International Space Station. Deorbit occurred on 20 February 2016 at approximately 16:00 UTC.
OA-6, previously known as Orbital-6, is the sixth flight of the Orbital ATK uncrewed resupply spacecraft Cygnus and its fifth flight to the International Space Station under the Commercial Resupply Services (CRS) contract with NASA. The mission launched on 23 March 2016 at 03:05:52 UTC.
OA-7, previously known as Orbital-7, is the eighth flight of the Orbital ATK uncrewed resupply spacecraft Cygnus and its seventh flight to the International Space Station (ISS) under the Commercial Resupply Services contract with NASA. The mission launched on 18 April 2017 at 15:11:26 UTC. Orbital and NASA jointly developed a new space transportation system to provide commercial cargo resupply services to the International Space Station (ISS). Under the Commercial Orbital Transportation Services (COTS) program, then Orbital Sciences designed and built Antares, a medium-class launch vehicle; Cygnus, an advanced maneuvering spacecraft, and a Pressurized Cargo Module which is provided by Orbital's industrial partner Thales Alenia Space.
OA-8E was the ninth flight of the Orbital ATK uncrewed resupply spacecraft Cygnus and its eighth flight to the International Space Station (ISS) under the Commercial Resupply Services (CRS-1) contract with NASA. The mission launched on 12 November 2017 at 12:19:51 UTC. Orbital and NASA jointly developed a new space transportation system to provide commercial cargo resupply services to the International Space Station (ISS). Under the Commercial Orbital Transportation System (COTS) program, then Orbital Sciences designed and built Antares, a medium-class launch vehicle; Cygnus, an advanced maneuvering spacecraft, and a Pressurized Cargo Module which is provided by Orbital's industrial partner Thales Alenia Space.
OA-9E was the tenth flight of the Orbital ATK uncrewed resupply spacecraft Cygnus and its ninth flight to the International Space Station (ISS) under the Commercial Resupply Services with NASA. The mission launched on 21 May 2018 at 08:44:06 UTC. Orbital ATK and NASA jointly developed a new space transportation system to provide commercial cargo resupply services to the International Space Station. Under the Commercial Orbital Transportation Services (COTS) program, then Orbital Sciences designed and built Antares, a medium-class launch vehicle; Cygnus, an advanced maneuvering spacecraft, and a Pressurized Cargo Module which is provided by Orbital's industrial partner Thales Alenia Space.
NG-10, previously known as OA-10E, is the eleventh flight of the Northrop Grumman uncrewed resupply spacecraft Cygnus and its tenth flight to the International Space Station under the Commercial Resupply Services (CRS-1) contract with NASA. The mission launched on 17 November 2018, at 09:01:31 UTC. This particular mission is part of an extension of the initial CRS contract that enables NASA to cover the ISS resupply needs until the Commercial Resupply Services-2 (CRS-2) contract enters in effect.
NG-11, previously known as OA-11, is the twelfth flight of the Northrop Grumman robotic resupply spacecraft Cygnus and its eleventh flight to the International Space Station under the Commercial Resupply Services (CRS-1) contract with NASA. The mission launched on 17 April 2019 at 20:46:07 UTC. This is the last mission from the extended CRS-1 contract; follow-up missions are part of the CRS-2 contract. Cygnus NG-11 was also the first mission to load critical hardware onto Cygnus within the last 24 hours prior to launch, a new Antares feature.
NG-12, previously known as OA-12, was the thirteenth flight of the Northrop Grumman robotic resupply spacecraft Cygnus and its twelfth Commercial Resupply Services flight to the International Space Station (ISS) for NASA. The mission launched on 2 November 2019 at 13:59:47 UTC). This was the first launch of Cygnus under the Commercial Resupply Services 2 (CRS-2) contract.
NG-13, previously known as OA-13, was the fourteenth flight of the Northrop Grumman robotic resupply spacecraft Cygnus and its thirteenth flight to the International Space Station (ISS) under the Commercial Resupply Services (CRS-1) contract with NASA. The mission launched on 15 February 2020 at 20:21:01 UTC after nearly a week of delays. This is the second launch of Cygnus under the CRS-2 contract.
NG-14, previously known as OA-14, was the fifteenth flight of the Northrop Grumman robotic resupply spacecraft Cygnus and its fourteenth flight to the International Space Station under the Commercial Resupply Services (CRS-1) contract with NASA. The mission was launched on 3 October 2020, at 01:16:14 UTC.
NG-15, previously known as OA-15, was the fifteenth launch of the Northrop Grumman robotic resupply spacecraft Cygnus and its fourteenth flight to the International Space Station (ISS) under the Commercial Resupply Services (CRS) contract with NASA. The mission launched on 20 February 2021 at 17:36:50 UTC. This is the fourth launch of Cygnus under the CRS-2 contract.
Cygnus NG-16, previously known as Cygnus OA-16, was the sixteenth flight of the Northrop Grumman robotic resupply spacecraft Cygnus and its fifteenth flight to the International Space Station (ISS) under the Commercial Resupply Services (CRS-2) contract with NASA. The mission was launched on 10 August 2021 at 22:01:05 UTC, for a (planned) 90-day mission at the ISS. This was the fifth launch of Cygnus under the CRS-2 contract.
Cygnus NG-17, previously known as Cygnus OA-17, was the seventeenth flight of the Northrop Grumman robotic resupply spacecraft Cygnus and its sixteenth flight to the International Space Station (ISS) under the Commercial Resupply Services (CRS) contract with NASA. The mission launched on 19 February 2022 at 17:40:03 UTC. It was the sixth launch of Cygnus under the CRS-2 contract.
NG-18 was the eighteenth flight of the Northrop Grumman robotic resupply spacecraft Cygnus and its seventeenth flight to the International Space Station (ISS) under the Commercial Resupply Services (CRS-2) contract with NASA. The mission successfully launched on 7 November 2022 at 10:32:42 UTC. This was the seventh launch of Cygnus under the CRS-2 contract.
NG-19 was the nineteenth flight of the Northrop Grumman robotic resupply spacecraft Cygnus and its eighteenth flight to the International Space Station (ISS) under the Commercial Resupply Services (CRS-2) contract with NASA. The mission launched on 2 August 2023 at 00:31:14 UTC. This was the eighth launch of Cygnus under the CRS-2 contract.
NG-20 is the twentieth flight of the Cygnus robotic resupply spacecraft and its seventeenth flight to the International Space Station (ISS). It launched on 30 January 2024. It is contracted to Northrop Grumman under the Commercial Resupply Services II (CRS-2) contract with NASA. The capsule launched aboard a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket.
Cygnus NG-21 is the twenty-first planned flight of the Cygnus robotic resupply spacecraft and its eighteenth flight to the International Space Station (ISS). It is planned to launch in August 2024. It is contracted to Northrop Grumman under the Commercial Resupply Services II (CRS-2) contract with NASA. The capsule is scheduled to be launched aboard a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket.
Typical mission will be about 30 days, including the rendezvous, the time aboard station, the time to de-orbit. We could extend that to 60 or 90 at NASA's request, however once we separate from the space station, the spacecraft itself, depending on its fuel load could probably fly easily for another year, in terms of what the components are certified for.