"Free Papua Movement" is an umbrella term for the independence movement established during 1965 in the West Papuan or West New Guinea territory which is currently being administrated by Indonesia as the provinces of Papua and West Papua,also formerly known as Papua,Irian Jaya and West Irian.
West Papua,formerly Irian Jaya Barat,is a province of Indonesia. It covers the two western peninsulas of the island of New Guinea,the Bird's Head Peninsula and the Bomberai Peninsula,along with nearby islands. The province is bordered to the north by the Pacific Ocean,to the west by the Halmahera Sea and the Ceram Sea,to the south by the Banda Sea,and to the east by the province of Central Papua and the Cenderawasih Bay. Manokwari is the province's capital and largest city. West Papua is the fourth-least populous province in Indonesia,with a population of 1,134,068 at the 2020 Census;the official estimate for mid 2021 was 1,156,840.
The Republic of West Papua is a proposed state consisting of the Western New Guinea region. The region has been administered by Indonesia since 1 May 1963 under several names in the following order:West Irian,Irian Jaya,and Papua. Today the region comprises five Indonesian provinces:Papua,Central Papua,Highland Papua,South Papua,and West Papua.
Western New Guinea,also known as Papua,Indonesian New Guinea,or Indonesian Papua,is the western half of the Melanesian island of New Guinea which is administered by Indonesia. Since the island is alternatively named as Papua,the region is also called West Papua. Lying to the west of Papua New Guinea and considered a part of the Australian continent,the territory is almost entirely in the Southern Hemisphere and includes the Schouten and Raja Ampat archipelagoes. The region is predominantly covered with ancient rainforest where numerous traditional tribes live such as the Dani of the Baliem Valley although a large proportion of the population live in or near coastal areas with the largest city being Jayapura.
Human rights in Indonesia are defined by the 1945 Constitution and the laws under it;several rights are guaranteed especially as a result of the constitutional amendments following the Reform era. The Ministry of Law and Human Rights deals with human rights issues in the cabinet,and the National Commission on Human Rights,established in Suharto's New Order administration in 1993,is the country's national human rights institution.
The Indonesian National Police is the national law enforcement and police force of the Republic of Indonesia. Founded on 1 July 1946,it was formerly a part of the country's military since 1962. The police were formally separated from the armed forces on 1 April 1999 in a process which was formally completed on 1 July 1999.
Benny Wenda is a West Papuan independence leader and Chairman of the United Liberation Movement for West Papua (ULMWP). He is an international lobbyist for the independence of West Papua from Indonesia. He lives in exile in the United Kingdom. In 2003 he was granted political asylum by the British government following his escape from custody while on trial.
The Papua conflict is an ongoing conflict in Western New Guinea between Indonesia and the Free Papua Movement. Subsequent to the withdrawal of the Dutch administration from the Netherlands New Guinea in 1962 and implementation of Indonesian administration in 1963,the Free Papua Movement has conducted a low-intensity guerrilla war against Indonesia through the targeting of its military,police,and civilian populations.
The 2010–11 Liga Indonesia Premier Division,also known as 2010–11 Liga Ti-Phone Indonesia season,is the sixteenth edition of Liga Indonesia Premier Division since its establishment in 1994. The competition ran from 19 November 2010 to 25 May 2011.
Nicolaas Jouwe was a Papuan leader who was selected to be vice president of the New Guinea Council that governed the Dutch colony of Netherlands New Guinea. As the president of the New Guinea Council was the Dutch civil servant Frits Sollewijn Gelpke,Jouwe was the highest ranking Papuan politician in the colony.
Operation Trikora was an Indonesian military operation which aimed to seize and annex the Dutch overseas territory of Netherlands New Guinea in 1961 and 1962. After negotiations,the Netherlands signed the New York Agreement with Indonesia on 15 August 1962,relinquishing control of Western New Guinea to the United Nations.
Silas Ayari Donrai Papare was a Papuan–Indonesian politician and guerilla leader who is a National Hero of Indonesia.
The West New Guinea dispute (1950–1962),also known as the West Irian dispute,was a diplomatic and political conflict between the Netherlands and Indonesia over the territory of Dutch New Guinea. While the Netherlands had ceded sovereignty over most of the Dutch East Indies to Indonesia on 27 December 1949 following an independence struggle,it retained control over its colony on the western half of New Guinea. The Indonesian government claimed this territory as well,on the basis that it had belonged to the Dutch East Indies and that the new Republic of Indonesia was the legitimate successor to the former Dutch colony.
Bhayangkara Football Club are an Indonesian professional football club based in Bekasi Regency,West Java,Indonesia. The club are linked to the Indonesian National Police,with many of their players serving as policemen. Even the name of the club is based on a police rank. They currently compete in the Liga 1,the highest level of football in Indonesia and won the title once in 2017.
The Trans-Papua Highway refers to 12 road segments,some under construction,across Western New Guinea in Indonesia,located in the island of New Guinea. The roads stretch from Sorong to Merauke with a total length of 4,325 km (2,687 mi). As of March 2017,3,850 km (2,390 mi) of roads had been completed and construction on all the roads was predicted to finish in 2018,but construction was delayed in late 2018 due to armed conflict.
Airin Rachmi Diany is an Indonesian politician who served as the mayor of South Tangerang from 2011 to 2021. She is also the aunt of Banten lieutenant governor Andika Hazrumy. She has led several initiatives to combat recruitment of people in her city by radical fundamentalist groups,including interfaith forums,with the support of Indonesia's federal government. She also commissioned a canal project in order to prevent flooding on the Jakarta–Serpong Toll Road in February 2017.
The 2019 Papua protests were a series of protests by Papuans in Indonesia that began on 19 August 2019 and mainly took place across Indonesian Papua region in response to the arrests of 43 Papuan students in Surabaya,East Java for alleged disrespect of the Indonesian flag. Many of the protests involved thousands of participants,and some grew from local protests in Surabaya to demanding an independence referendum for the whole region. In several locations,the protests turned into general riots,resulting in the destruction of government buildings in Wamena,Sorong and Jayapura. Clashes between protesters and police resulted in injuries,with over 30 people killed from both the clashes and the rioting.
The Arfai incident was a skirmish between Indonesian Army soldiers and Free Papua Movement fighters backed by local sympathizers on 28 July 1965,where the fighters launched a raid against an Indonesian barracks in an attempt to capture firearms.
Izaac Hindom was an Indonesian bureaucrat and politician who served as the governor of Irian Jaya from 1982 until 1988.
Machmud Singgirei Rumagesan was a king of Sekar and pro-integration activist from West Papua. He founded the movement Gerakan Tjendrawasih Revolusioner Irian Barat (GTRIB) in 1953,and became the member of Supreme Advisory Council in 1959. On 10 November 2020,Singgirei Rumagesan was posthumously declared a National Hero of Indonesia for his lifelong efforts to unite West Irian with Indonesia.
