The rijksdaalder (Dutch, "Imperial dollar") was a Dutch coin first issued by the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands in the late 16th century during the Dutch Revolt which featured an armored half bust of William the Silent. It was the Dutch counterpart of the Reichsthaler of the Holy Roman Empire (weighing 29.232 grams of 0.889 fine silver) but weighed slightly less, at 29.03 g (448 grains) of 0.885 fine silver, reduced to 0.875 fine by the 17th century. [1] [2] Friesland, Gelderland, Holland, Kampen, Overijssel, Utrecht, West Friesland, Zeeland, and Zwolle minted armored half bust rijksdaalders until the end of the 17th century.
17th century rijksdaalder was set to be equal to from 48 to 50 stuivers (the Dutch equivalent of shillings) and circulated along with silver florins (28 stuivers), daalders (30 stuivers), leeuwendaalders (36 to 42 stuivers; 27.68 g, 0.743 fine), silver ducats (48 stuivers; 28.06 g, 0.868 fine), and ducatons (60 stuivers; 32.46 g, 0.938 fine) [1] [3] silver ducats and rijksdaalders were almost of the same size and quality. With the disappearance of the original armored half bust rijksdaalder design, silver ducats and later 2+1⁄2 guilders started to be called rijksdaalders.
Unification of the Dutch monetary system in the beginning of the 18th century introduced guilder and set rijksdaalders and silver ducats at 2+1⁄2 guilders. Following decimalization (in 1816), 2+1⁄2-guilder coins were no longer produced because a 3-guilder coin was thought to better fit in the series of denominations. This turned out to be a mistake (due to the high silver price) and from 1840 onward 2+1⁄2-guilder coins were produced again. Production stopped in 2002 due to the introduction of the euro. 2+1⁄2-guilder coins continued to be called by their nicknames rijksdaalder, riks, and knaak until the introduction of the euro.
The Royal Dutch Mint still mints a silver ducat "rijksdaalder" to this day. [4]
These are mintage figures for the 21⁄2-guilder denomination until introduction of the euro in 2002. It excludes the silver ducat which is still minted as a numismatic product even after 2002.
Year | Mintage | Mint | Mint marks | Monarch | Notes [5] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1840 | 44,409 | Utrecht | Utrecht Mint, privy mark | William I | Diameter: 38mm; silver content: 94.5% |
1841 | 53,542 | Utrecht | Utrecht Mint, privy mark | William II | |
1842 | 1,009,807 | Utrecht | Utrecht Mint, privy mark | ||
1843 | 642,659 | Utrecht | Utrecht Mint, privy mark | ||
1844 | 278,535 | Utrecht | Utrecht Mint, privy mark | ||
1845 | 3,928,381 | Utrecht | Utrecht Mint, privy mark | ||
1846 | 3,629,712 | Utrecht | Utrecht Mint, privy mark | ||
1847 | 9,465,005 | Utrecht | Utrecht Mint, privy mark | ||
1848 | 8,333,000 | Utrecht | Utrecht Mint, privy mark | ||
1849 | 2,049,000 | Utrecht | Utrecht Mint, privy mark | ||
439,307 | Utrecht | Utrecht Mint, privy mark | William III | ||
1850 | 5,008,210 | Utrecht | Utrecht Mint, privy mark | ||
1851 | 3,647,493 | Utrecht | Utrecht Mint, privy mark | ||
1852 | 4,547,764 | Utrecht | Utrecht Mint, privy mark | ||
1853 | 234,128 | Utrecht | Utrecht Mint, privy mark | ||
1854 | 4,334,526 | Utrecht | Utrecht Mint, privy mark | ||
1855 | 2,082,046 | Utrecht | Utrecht Mint, privy mark | ||
1856 | 909,345 | Utrecht | Utrecht Mint, privy mark | ||
1857 | 3,353,072 | Utrecht | Utrecht Mint, privy mark | ||
1858 | 8,357,486 | Utrecht | Utrecht Mint, privy mark | ||
1859 | 4,306,594 | Utrecht | Utrecht Mint, privy mark | ||
1860 | 847,104 | Utrecht | Utrecht Mint, privy mark | ||
1861 | 876,003 | Utrecht | Utrecht Mint, privy mark | ||
1862 | 3,304,118 | Utrecht | Utrecht Mint, privy mark | ||
1863 | 50,652 | Utrecht | Utrecht Mint, privy mark | ||
1864 | 2,033,644 | Utrecht | Utrecht Mint, privy mark | ||
1865 | 2,287,612 | Utrecht | Utrecht Mint, privy mark | ||
1866 | 3,652,608 | Utrecht | Utrecht Mint, privy mark | ||
1867 | 4,984,886 | Utrecht | Utrecht Mint, privy mark | ||
1868 | 4,040,021 | Utrecht | Utrecht Mint, privy mark | ||
1869 | 5,046,192 | Utrecht | Utrecht Mint, privy mark | ||
1870 | 6,639,847 | Utrecht | Utrecht Mint, privy mark | ||
1871 | 6,875,035 | Utrecht | Utrecht Mint, privy mark | ||
1872 | 13,416,378 | Utrecht | Utrecht Mint, privy mark | ||
1873 | 5,515,073 | Utrecht | Utrecht Mint, privy mark | ||
1874 | 12,795,726 | Utrecht | Utrecht Mint, privy mark | ||
1875–1897: No rijksdaalders minted | |||||
1898 | 100,000 | Utrecht | Utrecht Mint, privy mark | Wilhelmina | |
1899–1928: No rijksdaalders minted | |||||
1929 | 4,400,000 | Utrecht | Utrecht Mint, privy mark | Silver content reduced to 72.0% | |
1930 | 11,600,000 | Utrecht | Utrecht Mint, privy mark | ||
1931 | 4,720,000 | Utrecht | Utrecht Mint, privy mark | ||
1932 | 6,000,000 | Utrecht | Utrecht Mint, privy mark | ||
1933 | 3,560,000 | Utrecht | Utrecht Mint, privy mark | ||
1934–1936: No rijksdaalders minted | |||||
1937 | 4,000,000 | Utrecht | Utrecht Mint, privy mark | ||
1938 | 2,000,000 | Utrecht | Utrecht Mint, privy mark | ||
1939 | 3,760,000 | Utrecht | Utrecht Mint, privy mark | ||
1940 | 4,640,000 | Utrecht | Utrecht Mint, privy mark | ||
1941–1942: No rijksdaalders minted | |||||
1943 | 2,000,000 | Denver | Letter D, privy mark | ||
1944–1958: No rijksdaalders minted | |||||
Juliana | |||||
1959 | 7,200,000 | Utrecht | Utrecht Mint, privy mark | Diameter reduced to 33mm | |
1960 | 12,800,000 | Utrecht | Utrecht Mint, privy mark | ||
1961 | 10,000,000 | Utrecht | Utrecht Mint, privy mark | ||
1962 | 5,000,000 | Utrecht | Utrecht Mint, privy mark | ||
1963 | 4,000,000 | Utrecht | Utrecht Mint, privy mark | ||
1964 | 2,800,000 | Utrecht | Utrecht Mint, privy mark | ||
1965: No rijksdaalders minted | |||||
1966 | 5,000,000 | Utrecht | Utrecht Mint, privy mark | ||
1967–1968: No rijksdaalders minted | |||||
1969 | 15,720,000 | Utrecht | Utrecht Mint, privy mark | Silver content removed. Diameter reduced to 29mm | |
1970 | 22,000,000 | Utrecht | Utrecht Mint, privy mark | ||
1971 | 8,000,000 | Utrecht | Utrecht Mint, privy mark | ||
1972 | 20,000,000 | Utrecht | Utrecht Mint, privy mark | ||
1973–1977: No rijksdaalders minted | |||||
1978 | 5,000,000 | Utrecht | Utrecht Mint, privy mark | ||
1979 | 5,000,000 | Utrecht | Utrecht Mint, privy mark | Union of Utrecht circulating commemorative | |
1980 | 37,300,000 | Utrecht | Utrecht Mint, privy mark | ||
30,500,000 | Utrecht | Utrecht Mint, privy mark | Beatrix and Juliana | Abdication circulating commemorative | |
1981: No rijksdaalders minted | Beatrix | ||||
1982 | 14,300,000 | Utrecht | Utrecht Mint, privy mark | ||
1983 | 3,800,000 | Utrecht | Utrecht Mint, privy mark | ||
1984 | 5,200,000 | Utrecht | Utrecht Mint, privy mark | ||
1985 | 3,100,000 | Utrecht | Utrecht Mint, privy mark | ||
1986 | 5,800,000 | Utrecht | Utrecht Mint, privy mark | ||
1987 | 2,500,000 | Utrecht | Utrecht Mint, privy mark | ||
1988 | 6,800,000 | Utrecht | Utrecht Mint, privy mark | ||
1989 | 4,000,000 | Utrecht | Utrecht Mint, privy mark | ||
1990 | 1,000,000 | Utrecht | Utrecht Mint, privy mark | ||
1991 | 400,000 | Utrecht | Utrecht Mint, privy mark | ||
1992 | 400,000 | Utrecht | Utrecht Mint, privy mark | ||
1993 | 400,000 | Utrecht | Utrecht Mint, privy mark | ||
1994 | 420,000 | Utrecht | Utrecht Mint, privy mark | ||
1995 | 150,000 | Utrecht | Utrecht Mint, privy mark | ||
1996 | 150,000 | Utrecht | Utrecht Mint, privy mark | ||
1997 | 180,000 | Utrecht | Utrecht Mint, privy mark | ||
1998 | 200,000 | Utrecht | Utrecht Mint, privy mark | ||
1999 | 240,000 | Utrecht | Utrecht Mint, privy mark | ||
2000 | 300,000 | Utrecht | Utrecht Mint, privy mark | ||
2001 | 600,000 | Utrecht | Utrecht Mint, privy mark | ||
2002 | none | Discontinued due to introduction of the euro. |
The Dutch rijksdaalder or the local versions of the 2+1⁄2-guilder coin (or paper) were circulating in Dutch East India from 1602 until 1949. In this year the Netherlands Indies gulden was replaced by the Indonesian rupiah.
The Netherlands United East India Company (VOC) issued the rijksdaalder in the Cape Colony in the 17th century. The Dutch monetary system overseas of a rijksdaalder – or rixdollar – of 48 stuiver was continued in the Cape Province by the British in the early nineteenth century.
In Ceylon, the VOC issued coins during the 18th century in denominations of 1⁄8 and 1 duit, 1⁄4, 1, 2 and 4+3⁄4 stuiver and 1 rijksdaalder. The currency derived from the Dutch rijksdaalder, although again the Dutch rijksdaalder was worth 50 stuiver and the Ceylon version 48 stuiver. After the British took over Ceylon and the rixdollar was the currency of Ceylon until 1828. The rixdollar was then replaced by the British pound at a rate of 1 rixdollar = 1 shilling 6 pence (£1 = 13+1⁄3 rixdollars).
In Suriname the Surinamese Rijksdaalder circulated until 2004, when the Surinamese guilder was replaced by the Surinamese dollar. In the former Netherlands Antilles the rijksdaalder circulated until 2011. In that year the Netherlands Antillean guilder will be replaced by the American dollar and the Caribbean guilder.
The similarly named Reichsthaler , riksdaler and rigsdaler were used in Germany and Austria-Hungary, Sweden, Denmark, and Norway, respectively.
The dollar is named after the Dutch daalder, the little brother of the rijksdaalder, with a value of 30 stuiver.[ citation needed ]
Dollar is the name of more than 25 currencies. The United States dollar, named after the international currency known as the Spanish dollar, was established in 1792 and is the first so named that still survives. Others include the Australian dollar, Brunei dollar, Canadian dollar, Eastern Caribbean dollar, Hong Kong dollar, Jamaican dollar, Liberian dollar, Namibian dollar, New Taiwan dollar, New Zealand dollar, Singapore dollar, Trinidad and Tobago Dollar and several others. The symbol for most of those currencies is the dollar sign $ in the same way as many countries using peso currencies. The name "dollar" originates from Bohemia and a 29 g silver-coin called the Joachimsthaler.
Guilder is the English translation of the Dutch and German gulden, originally shortened from Middle High German guldin pfenninc "gold penny". This was the term that became current in the southern and western parts of the Holy Roman Empire for the Fiorino d'oro. Hence, the name has often been interchangeable with florin.
A thaler or taler is one of the large silver coins minted in the states and territories of the Holy Roman Empire and the Habsburg monarchy during the Early Modern period. A thaler size silver coin has a diameter of about 40 mm and a weight of about 25 to 30 grams. The word is shortened from Joachimsthaler, the original thaler coin minted in Joachimsthal, Bohemia, from 1520.
The shilling is a historical coin, and the name of a unit of modern currencies formerly used in the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, other British Commonwealth countries and Ireland, where they were generally equivalent to 12 pence or one-twentieth of a pound before being phased out during the 1960s and 1970s.
The svenska riksdaler was the name of a Swedish coin first minted in 1604. Between 1777 and 1873, it was the currency of Sweden. The daler, like the dollar, was named after the German Thaler. The similarly named Reichsthaler, rijksdaalder, and rigsdaler were used in Germany and Austria-Hungary, the Netherlands, and Denmark-Norway, respectively. Riksdaler is still used as a colloquial term for krona, Sweden's modern-day currency.
A non-decimal currency is a currency that has sub-units that are a non-decimal fraction of the main unit, i.e. the number of sub-units in a main unit is not a power of 10. Historically, most currencies were non-decimal, though today virtually all are now decimal.
The Belgian franc was the currency of the Kingdom of Belgium from 1832 until 2002 when the Euro was introduced. It was subdivided into 100 subunits, each known as a centiem in Dutch, or centime in French and German.
Rixdollar is the English term for silver coinage used throughout the European continent.
The Reichsthaler, or more specifically the Reichsthaler specie, was a standard thaler silver coin introduced by the Holy Roman Empire in 1566 for use in all German states, minted in various versions for the next 300 years, and containing 25–26 grams fine silver.
The rigsdaler was the name of several currencies used in Denmark until 1875. The similarly named Reichsthaler, riksdaler and rijksdaalder were used in Germany and Austria-Hungary, Sweden and the Netherlands, respectively. These currencies were often anglicized as rix-dollar or rixdollar.
The guilder or florin was the currency of the Netherlands from 1434 until 2002, when it was replaced by the euro.
The stuiver was a coin used in the Netherlands, worth 1⁄20 Dutch Guilders. It was also minted on the Lower Rhine region and the Dutch colonies. The word can still refer to the 5 euro cent coin, which has almost exactly the same diameter and colour despite being over twice the value of the older coin.
The Netherlands Antillean guilder is the currency of Curaçao and Sint Maarten, which until 2010 formed the Netherlands Antilles along with Bonaire, Saba, and Sint Eustatius. It is subdivided into 100 cents. The guilder was replaced on 1 January 2011 on the islands of Bonaire, Saba and Sint Eustatius by the United States dollar.
The duit was an old low-value Dutch copper coin. Struck in the 17th and 18th centuries in the territory of the Dutch Republic, it became an international currency. It had the value of 1/8 stuiver.
The rixdollar was the currency of British Ceylon until 1828. It was subdivided into 48 stivers, each of 4 duit. Units called the fanam and larin were also used, worth 4 and 9½ stiver, respectively. The currency derived from the Dutch rijksdaalder and stuiver, although the rijksdaalder was worth 50 stuiver.
The guilder was the currency of Suriname until 2004, when it was replaced by the Surinamese dollar. It was divided into 100 cents. Until the 1940s, the plural in Dutch was cents, with centen appearing on some early paper money, but after the 1940s the Dutch plural became cent.
The Netherlands Indies guilder was the unit of account of the Dutch East Indies from 1602 under the United East India Company, following Dutch practice first adopted in the 15th century. A variety of Dutch, Spanish and Asian coins were in official and common usage. After the collapse of the VOC at the end of the 18th century, control of the islands reverted to the Dutch government, which issued silver 'Netherlands Indies' guilder and fractional silver and copper coins until Indonesian independence in 1945.
The guilder was the currency of British Guiana between 1796 and 1839.
The Kronenthaler was a silver coin first issued in 1755 in the Austrian Netherlands and which became a popular trade coin in early 19th century Europe. Most examples show the bust of the Austrian ruler on the obverse and three or four crowns on the reverse, hence the name which means "crown thaler" (also Brabanter and crocione.
The ducaton, ducatone or ducatoon was a crown-sized silver coin of the 16th-18th centuries.