Eskandar Khan Davidkhanian | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Deputy Commander of the Persian Cossack Brigade | |
| Monarch | Reza Shah |
| Personal details | |
| Relations | See Davidkhanian family |
| Parent | Martiros Khan Davidkhanian (Father) |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance | Imperial Iranian Army |
Eskandar Khan Davidkhanian was an Iranian general,professor,the Deputy Commander of the Persian Cossack Brigade,and a member of the Davidkhanian family. [1]
A member of the Davidkhanian family through his father,Eskandar shares blood with Markar Khan Davidkhanian,the Minister of Finance to Fath Ali Shah. [2] He married Karolina Hoeltzer,the daughter of photographer Ernst Hoeltzer. [3]
The son of General Martiros Khan Davidkhanian,Eskandar Khan Davidkhanian followed in his father's footsteps,teaching French and Russian at Dar ul-Funun—the oldest university in Iran—as well as serving as a General in the Persian military. Davidkhanian served as the Deputy Commander of the Persian Cossack Brigade,ranking higher than the future Shah,Reza Pahlavi. [4]
In 1906,a committee was chosen to investigate the Brigade's finances under Fyodor Chernozubov,determining that Chernozubov had been stealing the soldier's pay,an act confirmed by Russian officers. Chernozubov had mishandled the pension distribution of Martiros Khan Davidkhanian and given a portion of the pension to Alexander Khan Setkhanian,Eskandar's brother-in-law. Chernozubov was dismissed after the results of the investigation were announced,leading to the appointment of a new Commander. [5]
Reza Shah Pahlavi was an Iranian military officer,politician,and first shah of the House of Pahlavi of the Imperial State of Iran and father of the last shah of Iran. He reigned from 15 December 1925 until he was forced to abdicate by the Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran on 16 September 1941. Reza Shah introduced many social,economic,and political reforms during his reign,ultimately laying the foundation of the modern Iranian state. Therefore,he is regarded as the founder of modern Iran.
Mohammad Hosayn Âyrom was a senior military leader of the Pahlavi dynasty of Iran during the reign of king Reza Shah. He was the nephew of General Teymur Xân Âyromlu and a first cousin of Queen Tâj ol-Moluk Âyromlu. Only some members of the Ayrums family spelled their surname "Âyromlu" with the added suffix "-lu".
Mohammad-Taqi Khan Pessian,more commonly known as Colonel Pessian,was an Iranian gendarme,fighter pilot and warlord who formed and led the short-lived Autonomous Government of Khorasan in 1921. He was killed in a battle with forces sent by Ahmad Qavam,the prime minister at the time.
The Persian Cossack Brigade or Iranian Cossack Brigade was a Cossack-style cavalry unit formed in 1879 in Persia. It was modelled after the Caucasian Cossack regiments of the Imperial Russian Army. Until 1920,it was commanded by Russian officers,while its rank and file were composed of ethnic Caucasians and later on Persians as well. During much of the Brigade's history it was the most functional and effective military unit of the Qajar dynasty. Acting on occasion as kingmakers,this force played a pivotal role in modern Iranian history during the Revolution of 1905–1911,the rise of Reza Shah,and the foundation of the Pahlavi Dynasty.
The Persian campaign or invasion of Iran was a series of military conflicts between the Ottoman Empire and the British Empire and Russian Empire in the Iranian Azerbaijan region of neutral Qajar Iran,beginning in December 1914 and ending with the Armistice of Mudros on 30 October 1918,as part of Middle Eastern theatre of World War I. The fighting also involved local Persian units,who fought against the Entente and Ottoman forces in Iran. The conflict proved to be a devastating experience for Persia. Over 2 million Persian civilians died in the conflict,mostly due to the Armenian genocide by the Ottoman regime and Persian famine of 1917–1919,influenced by British and Russian actions. The Qajar government's inability to maintain the country's sovereignty during and immediately after the First World War led to a coup d'état in 1921 and Reza Shah's establishment of the Pahlavi dynasty.
The Persian Constitutional Revolution,also known as the Constitutional Revolution of Iran,took place between 1905 and 1911. The revolution led to the establishment of a parliament in Persia (Iran) during the Qajar dynasty.
Assadollah Hosseinpour was born in 1882 or 1883 in Tehran,Iran. He was one of Ahad Agha Shirvani's three sons,and grandson of Moustafa Khan Shirvani,governor of the Shirvan Khanate),a descendant of the Shirvan Shah who fought against Shah Esmaeil from the Persian Safavid dynasty. Following the defeat of the Shirvan Shah,the Khanate of Shirvan was annexed to Persia,but Mustafa Khan retained the governorship of Shirvan.
1921 Persian coup d'état,known in Iran as 3 Esfand 1299 coup d'état,refers to several major events in Persia in 1921,which eventually led to the establishment of the Pahlavi dynasty as the ruling house of the country in 1925.
The 1908 bombardment of the Majlis of Iran took place on 23 June 1908 in Tehran,during the Iranian Constitutional Revolution,when the Persian Cossack forces,commanded by Vladimir Liakhov and other Russian officers,bombarded and suppressed the Iranian parliament,the Majlis.
Qajar Iran,also referred to as Qajar Persia,the Qajar Empire,Sublime State of Persia, officially the Sublime State of Iran and also known then as the Guarded Domains of Iran,was an Iranian state ruled by the Qajar dynasty,which was of Turkic origin,specifically from the Qajar tribe,from 1789 to 1925. The Qajar family took full control of Iran in 1794,deposing Lotf 'Ali Khan,the last Shah of the Zand dynasty,and re-asserted Iranian sovereignty over large parts of the Caucasus. In 1796,Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar seized Mashhad with ease,putting an end to the Afsharid dynasty. He was formally crowned as Shah after his punitive campaign against Iran's Georgian subjects.
Ernst Hoeltzer was a German telegraphist and photographer. He came to Iran during the rule of Naser al-Din Shah in the Qajar dynasty and lived in Isfahan for about 20 years (1871–98). He captured historical photos of the city and the sites around it.
The Imperial Russian involvement in the Persian Constitutional Revolution was to support the authoritarian faction led by Mohammad Ali Shah to defeat the constitutionalists. Until 20 April 1909,when the Russian army under Major General I. Snarsky occupied Tabriz to protect the Russian consuls,the Russian Empire indirectly supported Ali Shah and the authoritarian faction. Support from the Russian Empire included sending weapons,lending money to Colonel Vladimir Liakhov,the commander of the Persian Cossack Brigade,and a large-scale propaganda machine against the constitutionalist leaders.
Set Khan Astvatsatourian was an Iranian–Armenian businessman,ambassador to Great Britain,military advisor to Fath-Ali Shah,and a member of the Davidkhanian family. He played a leading role in the modernization of the Persian military,working with close friend Abbas Mirza,the Crown Prince of Iran,to reform the military during The Great Game. Set Khan is immortalized in stone holding his Ottoman-jeweled dagger within the "Asia Group" statuary at the Prince Albert Memorial in London's Hyde Park.
Tsatur Khan (1820–1905) was an Iranian general,envoy to Russia,and advisor to Shah Mozaffar ad-Din Qajar. He was a close friend of Grand Duke Michael Nikolaevich of Russia,and a member of the Davidkhanian family.
Martiros Khan Davidkhanian (1843-1905) was an Iranian general,philanthropist,professor,the Chief of Staff of the Persian Cossack Brigade,and the Commander of the Royal Guard of the Qajar Court. He taught Russian to Naser al-Din Shah Qajar,the King of Iran.
Markar Khan Davidkhanian was the Minister of Finance of Iran,a close advisor to Fath-Ali Shah Qajar,the second King of Qajar Iran,and a member of the Davidkhanian family. As Finance Minister,Davidkhanian shaped Iranian economic policy during the Great Game.
Meguertitch Khan Davidkhanian (1902-1983) was an Iranian general,politician,statesman,and a member of the Davidkhanian family.
Alexander Khan Setkhanian (1865-1953) was an Iranian general,the Chief of Staff of the Cossack Brigade,a Commander in the Iranian Imperial Army,and a member of the Davidkhanian family.
The Davidkhanian Mansion is a historic estate in Qazvin,Iran. It was one of the estates of the Davidkhanian family. It is now owned by the Iranian government.
David Khan (1795–1851) was a Persian diplomat,Qajar civil servant,and Royal Physician to the Shah of Persia.