Greek Catholic Eparchy of Mukachevo

Last updated
Greek Catholic
Eparchy of Mukachevo

Eparchia Munkacsiensis
Greek Catholic Eparchy of Mukachevo.svg
Location
CountryUkraine
Statistics
Population
- Total		(as of 2010)
380,000
Parishes471
Information
Denomination Catholic Church (Eastern Catholic)
Rite Byzantine Rite
EstablishedSeptember 19, 1771
Cathedral Holy Cross Cathedral
Patron Theodore Romzha
Secular priests 261
Current leadership
Pope Francis
Bishop Teodor Matsapula
Apostolic Administrator Nil Lushchak
Map
Map of Greek Catholic Eparchy of Mukachevo.svg
Website
www.mgce.uz.ua

The Greek Catholic Eparchy of Mukachevo [1] is an eparchy (diocese) of the Ruthenian Greek Catholic Church that was erected by the Pope Clement XIV in 1771. The geographic remit of the eparchy includes the south-western parts of Ukraine that are roughly within Zakarpatska Oblast. As an Eastern Catholic Church, it is in full communion with the Catholic Church. The eparchy is exempt, which means that it does have a metropolitan bishop but is directly subject to the Holy See. It is supervised by the Roman Dicastery for the Eastern Churches, a Roman Curia dicastery acting on behalf of the Pope. Its parishes observe the Byzantine Rite which is also celebrated by the majority of Orthodox Christians, and as provided for in the original terms of the Union of Uzhhorod. The episcopal seat is the Cathedral of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross in the city of Uzhhorod. [2]

Contents

The eparchy is a mother eparchy of four modern metropolises: the Slovak Greek Catholic Church, the Romanian Greek Catholic Church, the Hungarian Greek Catholic Church, and the Ruthenian Greek Catholic Church. [3]

History

Cathedral of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross, Uzhhorod Cathedral of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross Uzhhorod 2009.jpg
Cathedral of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross, Uzhhorod

Some historians[ who? ] believe that the origins of the eparchy are to be found in the missionary work of Saints Cyril and Methodius in the ninth century. The 14th century saw the founding of the Saint Nicholas Monastery on Chernecha Hora (Hill of Monks) located in the city of Mukachevo.[ citation needed ] Many believe that from that point, the Eparchy of Mukachevo evolved into the entity as we know it today.[ citation needed ] The bishops resided at the Monastery and administered ecclesiastical affairs from there until 1766. After the union with Rome and until 1946, the Monastery of St Nicholas was also the principal religious house of the monks of the Order of Saint Basil the Great (OSBM), also called Basilian monks. [2]

The bishops, clergy and faithful of this eparchy were originally Orthodox Christians at some point were reconstituted under an eparchy suffragan to the original Metropolitan of Kiev (Rhosia Orthodox Church) that was under the jurisdiction of the Patriarch of Constantinople (see Eparchy of Mukačevo and Prešov).

In 1646, following the example of their compatriots across the Carpathian Mountains in Galicia (current day Western Ukraine), who in 1596 established the Union of Brest, the people of the Mukachevo eparchy united with the papal Holy See (recognizing the primacy of Catholic Rome, not Byzantine, Orthodox 'second Rome' Constantinople) under what is known as the Union of Uzhhorod. Other Eastern Orthodox Christians who belonged to the original Eastern Orthodox eparchy of Mukachevo and refused to convert joined the eparchy of Buda that is suffragan to the Serbian Patriarchate of Peć (and later Patriarchate of Karlovci).

In the political and spiritual climate of the day, union with Rome was considered by many to be a productive solution to promoting both the welfare of the people and the church. Following a model similar to that proposed at the Council of Florence, the people were allowed to maintain their Byzantine Rite spiritual, liturgical and canonical traditions, while recognizing the Roman Pontiff as the head of the universal church. [2] From 1646 to 1771 the eparchy was suffragan to the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Eger.

On September 19, 1771, after decades of efforts on the part of the bishops of Mukachevo for recognition as a fully self-governing ecclesiastical entity, free from the control of the Latin Catholic bishops of Eger (today in Hungary), the Habsburg Holy Roman Empress Maria Theresa issued a decree, subsequently approved by Rome, that created a jurisdictionally independent Mukachevo Eparchy no longer subordinate to the Latin Church ordinary. It was also at this time that the faithful of the eparchy formally became known as Greek Catholics. During the episcopate of Bishop Andrii Bachynskyij (1772-1809), the eparchy retained its historic name but its seat was moved to Uzhhorod (1780), where it remains to this day.

Following the Second World War and the occupation of Carpatho-Ukraine by the Soviet regime, the Greek Catholic Church was liquidated in 1949. All properties were allocated to the Russian Orthodox Church and the clergy and many faithful exiled to concentration camps. The bishop of Mukachevo during this time was Theodore Romzha. In 1947, Bishop Romzha was poisoned by NKVD (predecessor of the KGB) authorities. During the Soviet years, the Greek Catholic Church in Galicia, Transcarpathia and Slovakia continued to operate secretly in the underground.

Structure

With the collapse of the Soviet Union, many priests and faithful of the Eparchy of Mukachevo came out of the catacombs. The eparchy was allowed to officially renew its activities in 1989. Bishop Ivan Semedi, who had been secretly consecrated during the persecution years, was the first bishop to freely perform his ministry in over 40 years.

In 2014 the eparchy had 320,000 faithful, 2 bishops, 429 parishes, 280 diocesan priests, 30 religious priests, 44 men religious, 45 women religious, 0 deacons and 98 seminarians. [4]

List of Bishops

The list of the eparchs (bishops) of the Greek Catholic Eparchy of Mukachevo is: [5] [6] [7]

Eastern Orthodox bishops

Greek Catholic bishops

See also

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Yosyf Holovach was a Ruthenian Greek Catholic hierarch. He was an auxiliary bishop of the Ruthenian Catholic Eparchy of Mukacheve from 1983 to 2000 as titular bishop of Sozopolis in Haemimonto.

Petro Pavlo Oros was a Greek Catholic Eparchy of Mukachevo hierarch after the Church was suppressed by the communist regime. He was an auxiliary bishop of the Ruthenian Catholic Eparchy of Mukacheve from 1944 to 1953, when he was murdered by an anti-faith police officer.

Vasyl Tarasovych was a church figure in Transcarpathia, Basilian, eparch of Mukachevo and the initiator of the union with the Catholic Church in Transcarpathia.

References

  1. ↑ "Greek Catholic Eparchy of Mukachevo. Official site". Archived from the original on 2019-04-03. Retrieved 2017-03-18.
  2. 1 2 3 "The Rusyns - Rusyn". Archived from the original on 2012-12-12. Retrieved 2010-09-10.
  3. ↑ Havrosh, O. Bishop Milan: "Eparchy of Mukachevo belongs to the biggest in Ukraine" (Владика Мілан: «Мукачівська єпархія належить до найбільших в Україні») . Eparchy of Mukachevo website from Mirror Weekly. 6 July 2012
  4. ↑ Ronald Roberson (source: Annuario Pontificio 2014) (January 10, 2015). "The Eastern Catholic Churches 2014" (PDF). Catholic Near East Welfare Association.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  5. ↑ Eparchy of Mukacevo (1893). Schematismus Cleri Graeci Ritus Catholicorum Dioecesis Munkácsensis. p. VI.
  6. ↑ Pelesz, Julian (1881). Geschichte der Union der ruthenischen Kirche mit Rom. Woerl. p. 1088.
  7. ↑ "Eparchy of Mukachevo (Munkács) (Ruthenian)". Catholic-Hierarchy.org . David M. Cheney. Retrieved 23 January 2015.

Further reading

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