Abbreviation | HxA |
---|---|
Formation | 2015 |
Founders | Jonathan Haidt, Chris C. Martin, and Nicholas Quinn Rosenkranz |
Location | |
President | John Tomasi [1] |
Interim Executive Director | Manon Loustaunau |
Chair, Board of Directors | Jonathan Haidt [2] |
Website | heterodoxacademy |
Heterodox Academy (HxA) is a non-profit advocacy group of academics working to counteract what they see as a lack of viewpoint diversity on college campuses, especially political diversity. [3] The organization was founded in 2015 by Jonathan Haidt, Nicholas Quinn Rosenkranz, and Chris C. Martin.
In 2011, Jonathan Haidt, a psychology professor at the University of Virginia, gave a talk at the Society for Personality and Social Psychology in which he argued that American conservatives were under-represented in social psychology and that this hinders research and damages the field's credibility. [4] [5] In 2015, Haidt was contacted by Nicholas Quinn Rosenkranz, a Georgetown University law professor, who had given a talk to the Federalist Society discussing a similar lack of conservatives in law and similarly argued that this undermines the quality of research and teaching. [5] Haidt was also contacted by Chris C. Martin, a sociology graduate student at Emory University, who had published a similar paper in The American Sociologist about the lack of ideological diversity in sociology. [6] [7] Haidt, Martin, and Rosenkranz formed "Heterodox Academy" to address this issue. [6] [8] [9] [10] [11] Initial funding for the group came from the Richard Lounsbery Foundation and The Achelis and Bodman Foundation. [5] The Heterodox Academy website was launched with 25 members in September 2015. A series of campus freedom of speech controversies, such as those surrounding Erika Christakis at Yale and the 2015–16 University of Missouri protests, coincided with an increase in membership. [5]
Membership was initially open to tenured and pre-tenure professors, but has been expanded to adjunct professors, graduate students, and postdoctorals. Initially, the group had a selective membership application process which is partly intended to address imbalances toward any particular political ideology. [5] In July 2017, the group had 800 members internationally. [5] [12] As of February 2018, around 1,500 college professors had joined Heterodox Academy, along with a couple hundred graduate students. [3]
In 2018, Debra Mashek, a professor of psychology at Harvey Mudd College, was appointed as the executive director of Heterodox Academy, a position which she held until 2020, after which an interim executive director was appointed. [3] [13] [14] In 2020, the organization had around 4,000 members. [15] John Tomasi, a political philosopher at Brown University, became the first president of Heterodox Academy in 2022. As of early 2023, membership had grown to 5,000. [16]
In 2016 and 2017, Heterodox Academy published an annual Heterodox Academy Guide to Colleges, a ranking based on "political conformity and orthodoxy". [12] [17] [18] [19]
In June 2018, Heterodox Academy held an inaugural Open Mind Conference in New York City, featuring several academic guests recently involved in campus free speech issues, like Robert Zimmer, Lucía Martínez Valdivia, Allison Stanger, Alice Dreger, and Heather Heying. [20] [21]
The organization administers a "Campus Expression Survey", designed to allow professors and college administrators to survey their students' feelings about freedom of expression on campus. [22]
Heterodox Academy describes itself as non-partisan. [13] In 2018, the group's website described its mission as encouraging political diversity to allow dissent and challenge errors. [13]
According to Vox's Zack Beauchamp, Heterodox Academy advances conservative viewpoints on college campuses by ignoring the data and arguing that such views are suppressed by left-wing bias or political correctness. [23] Commentators such as Beauchamp and Chris Quintana, writing in The Chronicle of Higher Education , have disputed Heterodox Academy's contention that college campuses are facing a "free-speech crisis", noting the lack of data to support it and arguing that advocacy groups such as Heterodox Academy functionally do more to narrow the scope of academic debates than any of the biases they allege. [23] [24]
The University of California, Irvine is a public land-grant research university in Irvine, California. One of the ten campuses of the University of California system, UCI offers 87 undergraduate degrees and 129 graduate and professional degrees, and roughly 30,000 undergraduates and 6,000 graduate students were enrolled at UCI as of Fall 2019. The university is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity" and had $523.7 million in research and development expenditures in 2021. UCI became a member of the Association of American Universities in 1996.
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Heterodox Academy was founded in 2015 by Jonathan Haidt, Chris Martin, and Nicholas Rosenkranz, in reaction to their observations about the negative impact a lack of ideological diversity has had on the quality of research within their disciplines.
Heterodox Academy was founded in 2015 by psychologist Jonathan Haidt, sociologist Chris Martin, and legal scholar Nicholas Rosenkranz because all three worried that a lack of ideological diversity within their disciplines was impacting the quality of research