Immigration in Somalia is regulated by the Somali Immigration Department of the Federal Government of Somalia.
Due to the long absence of governmental regulation, it is uncertain how many foreigners travel to Somalia per year. [1] However, visas and residence permits are now mandatory for all foreign nationals. As of April 2014, the re-established Somali Immigration Department requires all undocumented foreigners to register at its offices in the capital Mogadishu. [2]
As part of IOM Somalia's Capacity Building for Migration Management (CBMM) projects, a Migration Information and Data Analysis System (MIDAS) was installed in 2014. The new immigration and border management infrastructure strengthens security by screening travelers at 11 main ports of entry in the country. It in the process registers their biometric data and passport details, and generates statistics for policymakers. [3]
In April 2015, the Federal Cabinet also passed a new policy prioritizing the local workforce and restricting the reliance on foreign labour. [4]
As of 2012, most emigrants to Somalia consist of Somali expatriates, who have returned to Mogadishu and other urban areas for investment opportunities and to take part in the ongoing post-conflict reconstruction process. [5] Through both private efforts and public initiatives like the Somali Diaspora Corps, they have participated in the renovation of schools, hospitals, banks and other infrastructure, and have played a leading role in the capital's recovery. [5] [6] They have also helped to propel the local real estate market. [7]
In 2015, after the Saudi-led military intervention in Yemen, many returning Somali expatriates as well as various foreign nationals began emigrating from Yemen to northern Somalia. [8] The UN expects the number of foreign nationals to eventually reach 100,000 over the following months. [9]
As of September 2014, the Ministry of Planning and International Cooperation is scheduled to launch the first population census for Somalia in over two decades. The UNFPA assisted the Ministry in the project, which is slated to be finalized ahead of the planned plebiscite and local and national elections in 2016. [10]
Tourism in Somalia is overseen by the Federal Government of Somalia's Ministry of Tourism. The autonomous Puntland and Somaliland regions maintain their own tourist offices. [11] The industry was traditionally noted for its numerous historical sites, beaches, waterfalls, mountain ranges and national parks. [12] After the start of the civil war in the early 1990s, the Tourism Ministry shut down operations. It was later re-established in the 2000s, and once again oversees the national tourist industry. The Mogadishu-based Somali Tourism Association (SOMTA) also provides on-the-ground consulting services. [13]
In December 2013, the Federal Government officially launched Somalia's new e-passport. Part of a broader initiative to strengthen security, the passport will be issued by the Ministry of Interior's Department of Immigration. Next, citizens are eligible for the e-passport upon production of government-issued national identity documents and birth certificates. [14]
According to Article 54 of the national constitution, the allocation of powers and resources between the Federal Government and the Federal Republic of Somalia's constituent Federal Member States shall be negotiated and agreed upon by the Federal Government and the Federal Member States, except in matters pertaining to citizenship and immigration, foreign affairs, national defense, and monetary policy. [15]
Most of the migrants to Somalia are from Ethiopia, Yemen and African Union forces within the framework of the African Union Peacekeeping Mission
Immigrant | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | Country of Origin | Population | Portion of immigrants in Somalia | Portion of Somalian population | Notes |
0 | Somalia | 15,387,869 | N/A | 99.66% | |
N/A | India | N/A | N/A | N/A | |
19 | China | ≥ 1 | 0% | 0% | |
N/A | Philippines | N/A | N/A | N/A | |
18 | United Kingdom | ≥ 2 | 0% | 0% | |
9 | United States | ≈ 700 | 1.34% | 0% | |
7 | Italy | ≤ 1,000 | 1.92% | 0.01% | |
N/A | Pakistan | N/A | N/A | N/A | |
19 | Iran | ≥ 1 | 0% | 0% | |
N/A | France | N/A | N/A | N/A | |
N/A | Lebanon | N/A | N/A | N/A | |
N/A | Russia | N/A | N/A | N/A | |
N/A | Morocco | N/A | N/A | N/A | |
19 | Iraq | ≥ 1 | 0% | 0% | |
N/A | Algeria | N/A | N/A | N/A | |
15 | Egypt | ≥ 94 | 0.18% | 0% | |
N/A | Taiwan | N/A | N/A | N/A | |
N/A | Bangladesh | N/A | N/A | N/A | |
10 | Syria | 262 to 1312 | 0.5% | 0% | Refugees of the Syrian civil war |
N/A | Afghanistan | N/A | N/A | N/A | |
N/A | South Africa | N/A | N/A | N/A | |
12 | Nigeria | ≥ 200 | 0.38% | 0% | |
1 | Ethiopia | 19,348 | 37.11% | 0.13% | title=Somalia Somalia - International immigration] |
5 | Kenya | ≥ 3,594 | 6.89% | 0.02% | |
11 | Turkey | ≥ 202 | 0.39% | 0% | |
N/A | Congo, Democratic Republic of the | N/A | N/A | N/A | |
16 | Ghana | ≥ 56 | 0.11% | 0% | |
19 | United Arab Emirates | ≥ 1 | 0% | 0% | |
12 | Tanzania | ≥ 200 | 0.38% | 0% | |
N/A | Saudi Arabia | N/A | N/A | N/A | |
19 | Cameroon | ≥ 1 | 0% | 0% | |
N/A | Tunisia | N/A | N/A | N/A | |
17 | Eritrea | 40 | 0.08% | 0% | [16] |
N/A | Indonesia | N/A | N/A | N/A | |
N/A | Jordan | N/A | N/A | N/A | |
6 | Uganda | ≥ 3,523 | 6.76% | 0.02% | |
19 | Denmark | ≥ 1 | 0% | 0% | |
19 | Sudan | ≥ 1 | 0% | 0% | |
N/A | Zimbabwe | N/A | N/A | N/A | |
4 | Burundi | ≥ 5,338 | 10.24% | 0.03% | |
N/A | Palestine, West Bank and Gaza Strip | N/A | N/A | N/A | |
19 | Senegal | ≥ 1 | 0% | 0% | |
19 | Libya | ≥ 1 | 0% | 0% | |
N/A | South Sudan | N/A | N/A | N/A | |
N/A | Guinea | N/A | N/A | N/A | |
19 | Zambia | ≥ 1 | 0% | 0% | |
19 | Zimbabwe | ≥ 1 | 0% | 0% | |
N/A | Madagascar | N/A | N/A | N/A | |
14 | Sierra Leone | ≥ 159 | 0.31% | 0% | |
3 | Yemen | 7,051 | 13.53% | 0.05% | [17] |
19 | Qatar | ≥ 1 | 0% | 0% | |
8 | Djibouti | 952 | 1.83% | 0.01% | |
19 | Mali | ≥ 1 | 0% | 0% | |
N/A | Chad | N/A | N/A | N/A | |
N/A | Central African Republic | N/A | N/A | N/A | |
2 | Other or Unknown | 9,383 | 18.38% | 0.06% | By subtracting the confirmed number from the total number of immigrants |
N/A | Niger | N/A | N/A | N/A | |
N/A | Malawi | N/A | N/A | N/A | |
19 | Gambia | ≥ 1 | 0% | 0% | |
N/A | Comoros | N/A | N/A | N/A | |
19 | Angola | ≥ 1 | 0% | 0% | |
N/A | Total immigrants | 52,131 | 100% | 0.34% |
Transport in Somalia refers to the transportation networks and modes of transport in effect in Somalia. They include highways, airports and seaports, in addition to various forms of public and private vehicular, maritime and aerial transportation.
This is a list of diplomatic missions of Somalia, excluding honorary consulates. Foreign relations of Somalia are handled primarily by the President as the head of state, the Prime Minister as the head of government, and the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Federal Government.
Mogadishu (, also ; Somali: مُقدِشُ[mʉq'dɪ:ʃɔ] or Xamar[ħɑmɑr]; Arabic: مقديشو, locally known as Xamar or Hamar, is the capital and most populous city of Somalia. The city has served as an important port connecting traders across the Indian Ocean for millennia, and has an estimated urban population of 4,249,083. Mogadishu is located in the coastal Banadir region on the Indian Ocean, which unlike other Somali regions, is considered a municipality rather than a maamul goboleed.
Aden Adde International Airport, formerly known as Mogadishu International Airport, is an international airport serving Mogadishu, the capital of Somalia. It is named after Aden Abdullah Osman Daar, the first President of Somalia.
The Somali diaspora or Qurbajoogta refers to Somalis who were born in Greater Somalia and reside in areas of the world that they were not born in. The civil war in Somalia greatly increased the size of the Somali diaspora, as many Somalis moved from Greater Somalia primarily to Europe, North America, Southern Africa and Australia. There are also small Somali populations in other pockets of Europe and Asia. The UN estimates that in 2015, approximately 2 million people from Somalia were living outside of the country's borders.
Omar Abdirashid Ali Sharmarke, popularly known as Omar Sharmarke, is a Somali diplomat and politician. From 2009 to 2010, he was the Prime Minister of Somalia. He subsequently briefly served as Somalia's Ambassador to the United States in 2014. In December 2014, Sharmarke was reappointed Prime Minister of Somalia. His term ended on 1 March 2017, and he was replaced by Hassan Ali Khaire.
Visa requirements for Belarusian citizens are administrative entry restrictions imposed on citizens of Belarus by the authorities of other states. As of 19 July 2022, Belarusian citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 78 countries and territories, ranking the Belarusian passport 71st in terms of travel freedom according to the Henley Passport Index.
Visa requirements for Brazilian citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of Brazil. As of 22 July 2022, Brazilian citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 170 countries and territories, ranking the Brazilian Passport 19th in terms of travel freedom, according to the Henley Passport Index.
Visa requirements for Burundian citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of Burundi. As of 11 January 2022, Burundian citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 51 countries and territories, ranking the Burundian passport 92nd in terms of travel freedom according to the Henley & Partners Passport Index.
Visa requirements for Cameroonian citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of Cameroon. As of 2 July 2019, Cameroonian citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 46 countries and territories, ranking the Cameroonian passport 96th in terms of travel freedom according to the Henley & Partners Passport Index.
Visa requirements for Democratic Republic of the Congo citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Tourism in Somalia is regulated by the Federal Government of Somalia's Ministry of Tourism. The industry was traditionally noted for its numerous historical sites, beaches, waterfalls, mountain ranges and national parks. After the start of the civil war in the early 1990s, the Tourism Ministry shut down operations. It was re-established in the 2000s, and once again oversees the national tourist industry. The Mogadishu-based Somali Tourism Association (SOMTA) provides on-the-ground consulting services.
Somalia–Yemen relations are bilateral relations between Somalia and Yemen. Both members of the Arab League, the two countries formally established diplomatic ties on December 18, 1960.
The Federal Government of Somalia (FGS) is the internationally recognised government of Somalia, and the first attempt to create a central government in Somalia since the collapse of the Somali Democratic Republic. It replaced the Transitional Federal Government (TFG) of Somalia on 20 August 2012 with the adoption of the Constitution of Somalia.
Hassan Sheikh Mohamud is a Somali politician who has served as the president of Somalia since May 2022. He is the founder and current chairman of the Union for Peace and Development Party. He was elected as President of the Federal Republic of Somalia on 15 May 2022, defeating the incumbent president Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed. He previously served in the same position as the 8th president of Somalia from 2012 to 2017. A civil and political rights activist, Hassan was previously a university professor and dean at SIMAD University, which he co-founded.
Abdisalam Omer Hadliye, also known as Abdisalan Hadliye Omar, is a Somali economist and politician. He was previously a Chief of Staff at the Executive Office of the Mayor of the District of Columbia, a Director of the UNDP Somalia Financial Services and Governance Program, and a Chief Business Officer for the District of Columbia Public Schools. He also served as Governor of the Central Bank of Somalia in 2013. He served as the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Somalia from 27 February 2015 to 29 March 2017.
Abdirahman Duale Beyle, also known as Abdirahman D. Beileh, is a Somali economist, professor, politician, philanthropist, poet, and well acclaimed song writer. He served as the Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation of Somalia from January 2014 to January 2015; He is currently serving as Minister of Finance of Somalia.
Egypt–Somalia relations are bilateral relations between Egypt and Somalia. Both nations are Arab League members and engage in close development cooperation. Somalia also has an embassy in Cairo, and Egypt is slated to reopen its embassy in Mogadishu.
Visa requirements for Central African Republic citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of Central African Republic. As of 2 July 2019, Central African Republic citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 49 countries and territories, ranking the Central African Republic passport 94th in terms of travel freedom according to the Henley Passport Index.
Visa requirements for Chad citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of the Chad. As of 2 July 2019, Chadian citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 51 countries and territories, ranking the Chadian passport 92nd in terms of travel freedom according to the Henley Passport Index.
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