The politics of Haiti takes place in the framework of a unitary semi-presidential republic,where the president is the head of state and the prime minister is the head of government. The politics of Haiti are considered historically unstable due to various coups d'état,regime changes,military juntas and internal conflicts. After Jean-Bertrand Aristide was deposed,Haitian politics became relatively stable. The Economist Intelligence Unit rated Haiti an "authoritarian regime" in 2022. According to the V-Dem Democracy indices Haiti is 2023 the 4th least electoral democratic country in Latin America.
RenéGarcia Préval was a Haitian politician and agronomist who twice was President of Haiti,from early 1996 to early 2001,and again from mid-2006 to mid-2011. He was also Prime Minister from early to late 1991 under the presidency of Jean-Bertrand Aristide.
Michel Joseph Martelly is a Haitian musician and politician who was the President of Haiti from May 2011 until February 2016.
Ericq Pierre is a Haitian economist working for the Inter-American Development Bank. He was unsuccessfully nominated as Prime Minister by President RenéPréval in 1997 and 2008.
Robert Manuel is a Haitian political figure who was an unsuccessful nominee to the post of Prime Minister of Haiti in 2008.
Paul Antoine Bien-Aimé was Minister of Interior and Territorial Collectivities of Haiti. He was appointed to the Cabinet by Jacques-Édouard Alexis on June 6,2006. The appointment was approved by the Senate on the 7th and Bien-Aiméwas sworn in on the 9th.
General elections were held in Haiti on 28 November 2010,having originally been scheduled for 28 February. Ten senators and all 99 deputies were to be elected.
Dr. Garry Conille is a Haitian academic,development worker,author,and former Prime Minister of Haiti. He submitted his resignation as prime minister on 24 February 2012,and was officially succeeded by Laurent Lamothe on 16 May 2012.
Laurent Salvador Lamothe is a Haitian businessman,technology entrepreneur,and political figure who has served in the government of Haiti as Foreign Minister beginning in October 2011,then as Prime Minister after appointment on 4 May 2012. On 14 December 2014,Lamothe resigned from his position as Prime Minister. Canada and the United States have imposed sanctions on him and accused him of corruption.
Daniel Gérard Rouzier is a Haitian tycoon. Rouzier runs several companies in different sectors in Haiti,including car dealers,and an electric power company;and is member of the executive board of PromoCapital;a Haitian bank. Rouzier is member of the Haitian-American Chamber of Commerce (AMCHAM).
Corruption in Haiti occurs at one of the worst rates in the world. Corruption disrupts all attempts to establish a rule of law,a sustainable democracy,and to improve the quality of life of Haiti's people.
The Defence Force of Haiti was the envisaged name of the planned,reconstituted armed forces of the Republic of Haiti. Haiti had not had a regular armed forces since 1995;a process to reestablish them was initiated in 2011 and culminated in their remobilization in 2017.
Jovenel Moïse was a Haitian politician and entrepreneur,who served as the 43rd president of Haiti from 2017 until his assassination in 2021. He assumed the presidency in February 2017 after winning the November 2016 election. During his term,Haiti experienced widespread protests and unrest. In the early morning of 7 July 2021,Moïse was assassinated,and his wife Martine was injured during an attack on their private residence in Pétion-Ville. Claude Joseph assumed the role of acting president in the aftermath of Moïse's assassination.
Presidential elections were held in Haiti on 20 November 2016 after having been postponed several times. The elections were overseen by the Provisional Electoral Council (CEP),and were held using the two-round system,with a second round scheduled for 29 January 2017 if no candidate received an absolute majority of the votes in the first round. However,on 27 November election officials announced that,according to preliminary results,Jovenel Moïse had won the election in the first round with more than 50% of the vote. Voter turnout,in the election held 6 weeks after Hurricane Matthew hit Haiti,was reported to be 21%. Jovenel Moïse assumed office on 7 February 2017,and was assassinated on 7 July 2021.
Protests began in cities throughout Haiti on 7 July 2018 in response to increased fuel prices. Over time,these protests evolved into demands for the resignation of Jovenel Moïse,the then-president of Haiti. Led by opposition politician Jean-Charles Moïse,protesters stated that their goals were to create a transitional government,provide social programs,and prosecute allegedly corrupt officials. From 2019 to 2021,there were massive protests calling for the Jovenel Moïse government to resign. Moïse had come in first in the 2016 presidential election,for which voter turnout was 21%. The 2015 elections had been annulled due to fraud. On 7 February 2021,supporters of the opposition allegedly attempted a coup d'état,leading to 23 arrests,as well as clashes between protestors and police.
Jean Gabriel Fortuné was a Haitian politician,who served as the mayor of Les Cayes and senator. He was also a National Palace advisor and departmental delegate. In 2019,he delivered the offer of a conditional resignation by Haiti's president,Jovenel Moïse.
Jovenel Moïse,the 43rd president of Haiti,was assassinated on 7 July 2021 at 1 am EDT (UTC−04:00) at his residence in Port-au-Prince. A group of 28 foreign mercenaries,mostly from Colombia,are alleged to be responsible for the killing. First Lady Martine Moïse was also shot multiple times in the attack,and was airlifted to the United States for emergency treatment. Later in the day,USGPN killed three of the suspected assassins and arrested 20 more. A manhunt was launched for other gunmen as well as the masterminds of the attack. Haitian chief prosecutor Bedford Claude confirmed plans to question Moïse's top bodyguards;none of the president's security guards were killed or injured in the attack. US authorities have since arrested eleven suspects alleged to have conspired in the assassination. Martine Moïse and Claude Joseph,who succeeded Moïse as President of Haiti,have been accused of conspiring in the assassination and were formally charged on 19 February 2024.
Ariel Henry is a Haitian neurosurgeon and politician who served as the acting prime minister and de facto head of state from 20 July 2021,after the assassination of Jovenel Moïse,until his formal resignation on 24 April 2024. He had also served as the acting Minister of Interior and Territorial Communities from 14 November 2022 until his resignation.
Joseph Lambert is a Haitian politician who served as the president of the Haitian Senate from 2021 to 2023. Lambert had previously been the president of the Senate from 2006 to 2008 and from 2018 to 2019. He was sanctioned by Canadian and American authorities for his involvement in the global illicit drug trade,corruption,and gross violations of human rights on 4 November 2022.
Rony Célestin is a Haitian politician from the PHTK party. He represents the Centre department. Célestin was sanctioned by the Government of Canada for allegedly supporting illegal activities of armed criminal gangs and the United States Government for abuse of his public position and corrupt activity.
