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The United States courts of appeals are the intermediate appellate courts of the United States federal judiciary. They hear appeals of cases from the United States district courts and some U.S. administrative agencies, and their decisions can be appealed to the Supreme Court of the United States. The courts of appeals are divided into 13 "Circuits". Eleven of the circuits are numbered "First" through "Eleventh" and cover geographic areas of the United States and hear appeals from the U.S. district courts within their borders. The District of Columbia Circuit covers only Washington, DC. The Federal Circuit hears appeals from federal courts across the United States in cases involving certain specialized areas of law.
The United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit is the U.S. federal court of appeals that has appellate jurisdiction over the U.S. district courts in the following federal judicial districts:
The United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit is a United States federal court with appellate jurisdiction over the following United States district courts:
The United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit is one of the thirteen United States Courts of Appeals. Its territory covers the states of Connecticut, New York, and Vermont, and it has appellate jurisdiction over the U.S. district courts in the following federal judicial districts:
The United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit is a federal court with appellate jurisdiction over the district courts for the following districts:
The United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit is a federal court located in Richmond, Virginia, with appellate jurisdiction over the district courts in the following districts:
The United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit is one of the 13 United States courts of appeals. It has appellate jurisdiction over the U.S. district courts in the following federal judicial districts:
The United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit is a federal court with appellate jurisdiction over the district courts in the following districts:
The United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit is the U.S. federal court with appellate jurisdiction over the courts in the following districts:
The United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit is a federal court with appellate jurisdiction over the district courts in the following districts:
The United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit is a federal appellate court over the following U.S. district courts:
In the United States, a federal judge is a judge who serves on a court established under Article Three of the U.S. Constitution. Such judges include the chief justice and associate justices of the U.S. Supreme Court, circuit judges of the U.S. Courts of Appeals, district judges of the U.S. District Courts, and judges of the U.S. Court of International Trade. These judges are often called "Article Three judges".
The United States District Court for the Western District of Tennessee is the federal district court covering the western part of the state of Tennessee. Appeals from the Western District of Tennessee are taken to the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit.
The United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit is one of the 13 United States courts of appeals. It has special appellate jurisdiction over certain categories of specialized cases in the U.S. federal court system. Specifically, it has exclusive appellate jurisdiction over all U.S. federal cases involving patents, trademark registrations, government contracts, veterans' benefits, public safety officers' benefits, federal employees' benefits, and various other types of cases. The Federal Circuit has no jurisdiction over criminal, bankruptcy, immigration, or U.S. state law cases. It is headquartered at the Howard T. Markey National Courts Building in Washington, DC.
The United States District Court for the Middle District of Tennessee is the federal trial court for most of Middle Tennessee. Based at the Estes Kefauver Federal Building and United States Courthouse in Nashville, it was created in 1839 when Congress added a third district to the state. Tennessee—along with Kentucky, Ohio, and Michigan—is located within the area covered by United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit, and appeals are taken to that court.
The United States District Court for the Eastern District of Tennessee is the federal court in the Sixth Circuit whose jurisdiction covers most of East Tennessee and a portion of Middle Tennessee. The court has jurisdiction over 41 counties, which are divided among four divisions. Based in Knoxville, Tennessee, it maintains branch facilities in Chattanooga, Tennessee; Greeneville, Tennessee; and Winchester, Tennessee.
During President Jimmy Carter's presidency, he nominated four people for four different federal appellate judgeships who were not processed by the Democratic-controlled Senate Judiciary Committee before Carter's presidency ended. None of the four nominees were renominated by Carter's successor, President Ronald Reagan. Three of the nominees who were not processed were nominated after July 1, 1980, the traditional start date of the unofficial Thurmond rule during a presidential election year. All four seats eventually were filled by appointees of President Ronald Reagan.
United States v. More, 7 U.S. 159 (1805), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that it had no jurisdiction to hear appeals from criminal cases in the circuit courts by writs of error. Relying on the Exceptions Clause, More held that Congress's enumerated grants of appellate jurisdiction to the Court operated as an exercise of Congress's power to eliminate all other forms of appellate jurisdiction.
References
- ↑ "It took conservatives 50 years to get a reliable majority on the Supreme Court. Here are 3 reasons why". www.washingtonpost.com. Retrieved 12 June 2019.
- ↑ "Kavanaugh Confirmation Solidifies Supreme Court Tilt to the Right". www.rollcall.com. 6 October 2018. Retrieved 12 June 2019.
- 1 2 "U.S. Senate: U.S. Senate Roll Call Votes 117th Congress - 2nd Session". www.senate.gov. Retrieved 2022-04-15.
- ↑ "Circuit Status". news.bloomberglaw.com. Retrieved 24 June 2023.
- ↑ "How Trump is shifting the most important courts in the country". www.washingtonpost.com. Retrieved 12 June 2019.
- ↑ "With another Supreme Court pick, Trump is leaving his mark on higher federal courts". www.pewresearch.org. 16 July 2018. Retrieved 12 June 2019.
- ↑ "Justices tend to agree with presidents that pick them — but stray later". www.washingtonpost.com. Retrieved 12 June 2019.
- ↑ Stolzenberg, Ross M.; Lindgren, James (2022). "Judges as Party Animals: Retirement Timing by Federal Judges and Party Control of Judicial Appointments". American Sociological Review. 87 (4): 675–697. doi:10.1177/00031224221102072. ISSN 0003-1224. S2CID 233649566.
- ↑ Chen, Daniel L.; Reinhart, Eric (2022-02-19). "The Disavowal of Decisionism: Politically Motivated Exits from the U.S. Courts of Appeals". SSRN. doi:10.2139/ssrn.2816253. S2CID 157951217. SSRN 2816253.
- ↑ Nixon, David C.; Haskin, J. David (2000). "Judicial Retirement Strategies: The Judge's Role in Influencing Party Control of the Appellate Courts". American Politics Quarterly. 28 (4): 458–489. doi:10.1177/1532673X00028004002. ISSN 0044-7803. S2CID 35805961.
- ↑ Spriggs, James F; Wahlbeck, Paul J. (1995). "Calling It Quits: Strategic Retirement on the Federal Courts of Appeals, 1893-1991". Political Research Quarterly. 48 (3): 573–597. doi:10.1177/106591299504800306. ISSN 1065-9129. S2CID 153375332.
- ↑ Federal Judiciary Act (1789), National Archives and Records Administration, retrieved September 12, 2017
- ↑ "Judges on Horseback" (PDF). U.S. Courts Library - 8th Circuit. Retrieved April 4, 2021.
- ↑
- 1 2 "Judgeship Appointments By President". United States Courts. Retrieved February 24, 2023.
- ↑ "Text of H.R. 660 (110th): Court Security Improvement Act of 2007 (Passed Congress/Enrolled Bill version) - GovTrack.us". GovTrack.us.
- ↑ "U.S. Senate: U.S. Senate Roll Call Votes 117th Congress - 2nd Session". www.senate.gov. Retrieved 2022-01-22.
- ↑ Federal Judgeships, United States Courts.
