Languages of Kalimantan

Last updated

There are 74 living languages in Kalimantan. They belong to Malayo-Polynesian subgroup of Austronesian family. Also Tringgus-Sembaan Bidayuh language is spoken as an immigrant language. [1]

According to Ethnologue , the languages belong to five families:

FamilyCode on map
Greater Barito G
Land Dayak L
Malayic M
North Borneo N
South Sulawesi S
Languages of Kalimantan.svg
No.
code
NameAlternative namesDialectsPopulation [2] YearRegionClassificationLexical Similarity
1
apg
Ampanang 30,0001981East Kalimantan Province, central, southeast of Tunjung, Jambu, Lamper area. Greater Barito, Barito-Mahakam
2
bdb
Basap Jembayan, Bulungan, Berau, Dumaring, Binatang, Karangan.15,0002007East Kalimantan Province, scattered in Bulungan, Sangkulirang, and Kutai regencies. North Borneo, Rejang–Sajau
3
bei
Bakati' Bakati Nyam, Bakati Riok, Bakatiq, Bekati.4,0001986Northwest near Sarawak border, Sambas and Selvas areas. Land Dayak, Bakati'
4
bfg
Busang Kayan Busang, Kajan, Kajang.Mahakam Busang, Belayan, Long Bleh.3,0001981East Kalimantan Province, upper Mahakam, Oga, Belayan rivers. North Borneo, North Sarawakan, Kayan-Kenyah, Kayanic, Kayan Proper
5
bhv
Bahau 19,0002007East Kalimantan Province. Northeast, north, and southeast of Busang. Long Apari, Long Pahangai, Long Bagun, and Long Hubung subdistricts, Kutai Barat Regency. North Borneo, North Sarawakan, Kayan-Kenyah, Kayanic, Kayan Proper
6
bjn
Banjar Bandjarese, Banjar Malay, Banjarese, Labuhan.Kuala, Hulu.3,502,300
(3,500,000)
2000Around Banjarmasin south and east; East Kalimantan, coastal regions of Pulau Laut, Kutai and Pasir; Central Kalimantan as far as Sampit. Also in Malaysia (Sabah). Malayo-Sumbawan, Malayic, Malay 73% with Indonesian [ind], 66% with Tamuan (Malayic Dayak), 45% with Bakumpai [bkr], 35% with Ngaju [nij].
7
bkn
Bukitan Bakatan, Bakitan, Beketan, Mangkettan, Manketa, Pakatan.Punan Ukit, Punan Busang.860
(570)
2000East Kalimantan Province, Iwan River, Sarawak border. Also in Malaysia (Sarawak). North Borneo, Melanau-Kajang, Kajang
8
bkr
Bakumpai Bakambai, Bara-Jida.Bakumpai, Mengkatip (Mangkatip, Oloh Mengkatip).100,0002003Central Kalimantan Province. Kapuas and Barito rivers, northeast of Kuala Kapuas. Greater Barito 75% with Ngaju [nij], 45% with Banjar [bjn].
9
blj
Bolongan Bulungan.May be a dialect of Tidong [tid] or Segai [sge].30,0002002East Kalimantan Province, Tanjungselor area, lower Kayan River. North Borneo, North Sarawakan, Dayic, Murutic, Tidong
10
bqr
Burusu Berusuh, Bulusu.4,3502007East Kalimantan Province, Bulungan Regency, Sesayap subdistrict, Sekatakbunyi area, north of Sajau Basap [sjb] language. North Borneo, Rejang–Sajau
11
bth
Biatah Bidayuh Biatah, Bideyu, Landu, Lundu, Pueh, Siburan.8,4802000Northwest Kalimantan, on Sarawak border. Mainly in Sarawak. Land Dayak, Bidayuh
12
bve
Berau Malay Berau, Merau Malay.11,2002007East Kalimantan Province, central coastal area, Tanjungreder and Muaramalinau north to Sepinang south. Malayo-Sumbawan, Malayic, Malay
13
bvk
Bukat 4001981West Kalimantan Province, northeast near Sarawak border, Kapuas River, southeast of Mendalam. 3 areas. North Borneo, North Sarawakan, Kayan-Kenyah, Kayanic, Muller-Schwaner 'Punan'
14
bvu
Bukit Malay Bukit, Meratus, Bukat.A variant of Banjar Malay [bjn].59,0002007East Kalimantan Province, southeast, Sampanahan River, northwest of Limbungan. Malayo-Sumbawan, Malayic, Malay
15
byd
Benyadu' Njadu, Nyadu, Balantiang, Balantian.Pandu, Nyadu (Balantian, Balantiang, Njadu).54,0002007West Kalimantan Province, northwest near Sarawak border, Landak and Bengkayang regencies. Land Dayak
16
djo
Jangkang Jangkang proper, Pompang.37,0002007West Kalimantan Province, Central Sanggau Regency, south of Balai Sebut. Land Dayak
17
dun
Dusun Deyah Deah, Dejah.20,0001981South Kalimantan Province, Tabalong River northeast of Bongkang. East Barito 53% with Lawangan [lbx], 52% with Tawoyan [twy].
18
duq
Dusun Malang Bayan, Dusun Malang. Most similar to Ma'anyan [mhy], Paku [pku], Dusun Witu [duw], Malagasy [plt].4,500 (2,000 Bayan)2003Central Kalimantan Province, North Barito Regency, west of Muarainu, northeast of Muarateweh. Greater Barito 90% between the 2 dialects.
19
duw
Dusun Witu Dusun Pepas, Dusun Witu. Most similar to Ma'anyan [mhy], Paku, Dusun Malang [duq], Malagasy [plt].5,0002003Central Kalimantan Province, South Barito Regency, Pendang and Buntokecil regions; south of Muarateweh. Greater Barito 75% with Ma'anyan, 73% with Paku [pku].
20
emb
Embaloh Malo, Maloh, Matoh, Mbaloh, Memaloh, Palin, Pari, Sangau, Sanggau.Kalis (Kalis Maloh, Kalis Dayak). Kalis may be a separate language.10,0001991West Kalimantan Province, Kapuas Hulu Regency, south of Sarawak border, upper Kapuas River: Embaloh, Leboyan, Lauh, Palin, Nyabau, Mandai, and Kalis tributaries. South Sulawesi, Bugis, Tamanic
21
hov
Hovongan Punan Bungan.Hovongan, Penyavung, Semukung Uheng.1,0001991West Kalimantan Province near Sarawak and East Kalimantan Province borders; Kapuas Hulu Regency, far northeast corner. North Borneo, North Sarawakan, Kayan-Kenyah, Kayanic, Muller-Schwaner 'Punan' 69% with Kereho [xke], 67% with Aoheng [pni].
22
iba
Iban Sea Dayak.Batang Lupar, Bugau, Kantu', Ketungau (Air Tabun, Sigarau, Seklau, Sekapat, Banjur, Sebaru', Demam, Maung, Sesat).15,000 in Kalimantan2003West Kalimantan Province, Sarawak border. Malayo-Sumbawan, Malayic, Ibanic
23
kkx
Kohin Bahasa Seruyan, Seruyan.8,0002003Central Kalimantan Province, Kotawaringin Timur Regency, central and north Seruyan River area. 10 villages. Western Barito 60%–65% with Ot Danum [otd], 50%–69% with Ngaju [nij].
24
knl
Keninjal Dayak Kaninjal, Kaninjal, Kaninjal Dayak.Kubing.32,0002007West Kalimantan Province, Sayan and Melawi rivers, Nangapinoh, Nangaella, Nangasayan, Gelalak areas. Malayo-Sumbawan, Malayic, Kendayan
25
knx
Kendayan Baicit, Kendayan-Ambawang, Kendayan Dayak, Damea, Salako.Ambawang, Kendayan, Ahe, Selako.290,700
(280,000)
2007West Kalimantan Province, northeast of Bengkayang, Ledo area, Madi and Papan jungle area; Sambas regency. Also in Malaysia (Sarawak). Malayo-Sumbawan, Malayic, Kendayan
26
kqv
Okolod Kolod, Kolour, Kolur, Okolod Murut.4,970
(3,390)
2000East Kalimantan Province along Sabah border, east of Lumbis, north of Lundayeh; also in Sarawak. Also in Malaysia (Sarawak). North Borneo, North Sarawakan, Dayic, Murutic, Murut 82% with Okolod of Sabah, 70% with Pensiangan Murut dialect of Tagal Murut [mvv], 34% with Lun Bawang [lnd].
27
kzi
Kelabit Kalabit, Kerabit, Apo Duat.Lon Bangag, Tring, Bareo (Bario), Pa' Mada, Long Napir.
(640)
2000East Kalimantan Province, remote mountains, on Sarawak border, northwest of Longkemuat. Mainly in Sarawak. North Borneo, North Sarawakan, Dayic, Apo Duat
28
lbx
Lawangan Luwangan, Northeast Barito.Ajuh, Bakoi (Lampung), Bantian (Bentian), Banuwang, Bawu (Bawo), Kali, Karau (Beloh), Lawa, Lolang, Mantararen, Njumit, Purai, Purung, Tuwang, Pasir, Benua, Taboyan. At least 17 dialects. Tawoyan [twy] may be inherently intelligible.100,0001981East central Kalimantan, Karau River area. Eastern Barito 77% with Tawoyan, 53% with Dusun Deyah [dun].
29
lgi
Lengilu 42000Northeast, between Sa'ban and Lundayeh. North Borneo, North Sarawakan, Dayic, Kelabitic Nearly extinct.
30
lnd
Lun Bawang Southern Murut, Lundayeh, Lun Daye, Lun Dayah, Lun Daya, Lun Dayoh, Lundaya Putuk.Lun Daye, Papadi, Lun Bawang (Long Bawan, Sarawak Murut). Not Murutic, although sometimes called Southern Murut.47,500
(23,000)
2007Interior from Brunei Bay to Padas River headwaters, to Baram headwaters, and into East Kalimantan, Indonesian mountains where Sesayap River tributaries arise. Also in Brunei, Malaysia (Sarawak). North Borneo, North Sarawakan, Dayic, Kelabitic
31
lra
Rara Bakati' Luru, Lara', Bekatiq, Bekati' Nyam-Pelayo, Bekati' Kendayan.Bina'e.
(12,000)
2007West Kalimantan Province, upper Lundu and Sambas rivers, Bengkayang area east of Gunung Pendering, and north in Pejampi and 2 other villages. Land Dayak, Bakati'
32
mhy
Ma'anyan Ma'anjan, Maanyak Dayak.Samihim (Buluh Kuning), Sihong (Siong), Dusun Balangan. Related to Malagasy languages in Madagascar.150,0002003Central Kalimantan, Barito Selatan Regency, South Tamianglayang area, Dusun Hilir, Karau Kuala, Dusun Selatan, Dusun Utara, Gunung Bintang Awai, Dusun Tengah, Awang, and Patangkep Tutui subdistricts. Patai River drainage area. Greater Barito 77% with Paku [pku], 75% with Dusun Witu [duv].
33
mqg
Kota Bangun Kutai Malay Not intelligible with Tenggarong Kutai Malay [vkt], but may be intelligible with one of its dialects (Northern Kutai).80,0001981East Kalimantan Province, central Mahakam River basin. Malayo-Sumbawan, Malayic, Malay
34
msa
Malay
35
mtd
Mualang Mualang Ili’, Mualang Ulu. Similar to Iban [iba].40,0002007West Kalimantan Province, Belitang Hilir, Belitang, and Belitang Hulu Sekadau subdistricts, along Ayak and Belitang rivers, about 320 km upstream from Pontianak. Malayo-Sumbawan, Malayic, Ibanic
36
mvv
Tagal Murut Semambu, Semembu, Sumambu, Sumambu-Tagal, Sumambuq.Rundum (Arundum), Tagal (Tagol, North Borneo Murut, Sabah Murut), Sumambu (Semembu, Sumambuq), Tolokoson (Telekoson), Sapulot Murut (Sapulut Murut), Pensiangan Murut (Pentjangan, Tagul, Taggal, Lagunan Murut), Alumbis (Lumbis, Loembis), Tawan, Tomani (Tumaniq), Maligan (Mauligan, Meligan, Bol Murut, Bole Murut).2,000 ?East Kalimantan Province, Nunukan Regency, Pegalan Valley, Alumbis River. North Borneo, North Sarawakan, Dayic, Murutic, Murut
37
mxd
Modang Kelingan (Long Wai, Long We), Long Glat, Long Bento’, Benehes, Nahes, Liah Bing.15,3001981East Kalimantan Province, Segah, Kelinjau, and Belayan rivers. 5 areas. North Borneo, North Sarawakan, Kayan-Kenyah, Kayanic, Modang
38
nij
Ngaju Biadju, Dayak Ngaju, Ngadju, Ngaja, Ngaju Dayak, Southwest Barito.Ba’amang (Bara-Bare, Sampit), Katingan Ngaju, Katingan Ngawa, Kahayan, Kahayan Kapuas, Mantangai (Oloh Mangtangai), Pulopetak. Related to Bakumpai [bkr].890,0002003Kalimantan, Kapuas, Kahayan, Katingan, and Mentaya rivers, south. Greater Barito 75% with Bakumpai, 62% with Kohin [kkx], 50% with Ot Danum [otd], 35% with Banjar [bjn].
39
otd
Ot Danum Dohoi, Malahoi, Uud Danum, Uut Danum.Ot Balawan, Ot Banu’u, Ot Murung 1 (Murung 1, Punan Ratah), Ot Olang, Ot Tuhup, Sarawai (Melawi), Dohoi, Ulu Ai’ (Da’an), Sebaung, Kadorih, Kuhin.78,8002007Upper reaches of south Borneo River, large area south of Schwaner Range. Ulu Ai’ on Mandai River with 7 villages. Greater Barito 70% with Siang [sya], 65% with Kohin [kkx], 60% with Katingan dialect of Ngaju [nij], 50% with Ngaju (main dialect) [nij].
40
pku
Paku Bakau.3,5002003Central Kalimantan Province, East Barito Regency, south of Ampah. East Barito 77% with Ma’anyan [mhy], 73% with Dusun Witu [duv].
41
pni
Aoheng Penihing.2,6301981East Kalimantan Province, north central near Sarawak border, upper reaches of Kapuas, Barito, and Mahakam rivers. North Borneo, North Sarawakan, Kayan-Kenyah, Kayanic, Muller-Schwaner 'Punan' 69% with Kereho [xke], 67% with Hovongan [hov].
42
puc
Punan Merap 2001981East Kalimantan Province, east of Longkemuat. North Borneo, Rejang–Sajau
43
pud
Punan Aput Aput.Allegedly unintelligible to other Penan languages.3701981East Kalimantan Province, west and north of Mt. Menyapa. North Borneo, North Sarawakan, Kayan-Kenyah, Kayanic, Muller-Schwaner 'Punan'
44
puf
Punan Merah 1401981East Kalimantan Province, Mahakam River, east of Ujohhilang. North Borneo, North Sarawakan, Kayan-Kenyah, Kayanic, Muller-Schwaner 'Punan'
45
puj
Punan Tubu Not a Kenyah language (Soriente 2003).2,0001981East Kalimantan Province, Malinau, Mentarang, and Sembakung rivers, coastal. 8 locations. North Borneo, North Sarawakan, Punan Tubu
46
put
Putoh Putuk.Pa Kembaloh, Abai. May be the same as Lun Bawang [lnd].6,0001981East Kalimantan Province, east of Lundayeh and Sa'ban, Mentarang River, Longberang, Mensalong, Bangalan areas. North Borneo, North Sarawakan, Dayic, Kelabitic
47
rir
Ribun Ribun, Bekidoh.45,0001981West Kalimantan Province, Kapuas Hulu Regency, Tayan Hulu subdistrict. Land Dayak
48
sbr
Sembakung Murut Sembakoeng, Sembakong, Simbakong, Tingalun, Tinggalan, Tinggalum.5,180
(3,180)
2000East Kalimantan Province, Nunukan Regency, Sembakung River mouth into Sabah. Also in Malaysia (Sabah). North Borneo, North Sarawakan, Dayic, Murutic, Tidong
49
sbx
Seberuang Quite similar to Desa.37,0002007West Kalimantan Province, Kapuas area from Nanga Silat to Selimbau, on Belimbing, Lebang, Belitang, Seauk, Tempunak, Selimbau, Silat rivers. Malayo-Sumbawan, Malayic, Ibanic
50
scg
Sanggau Dosan, Mayau, Sanggau. Very heterogeneous dialects, probably more than 1 language in this group—not all Sanggau isolects mutually intelligible. Koman and Semerawai could be part of this group.45,0001981West Kalimantan Province, Sanggau Regency, Kapuas River. Land Dayak
51
sdm
Semandang Kualan-Semandang.Semandang, Gerai, Beginci, Bihak, Komi.20,000 ?West Kalimantan Province, Ketapang Regency, Kualan and Semandang rivers. Land Dayak
52
sdo
Bukar-Sadong Bidayuh Buka, Bukar, Bukar Sadong, Bukar Sadung Bidayah, Sabutan, Sadong, Serian, Tebakang.Bukar Sadong, Bukar Bidayuh (Bidayuh, Bidayah). ?West Kalimantan Province, Sarawak border, Sanggau and Sintang regencies. Land Dayak, Bidayuh
53
sge
Segai Called Segayi by the Berau, Ga’ay by the Kenyah and Kayan.Kelai, Segah.2,0001981East Kalimantan Province, Berau regency, Kelai River and around Longlaai. North Borneo, North Sarawakan, Kayan-Kenyah, Kayanic, Modang
54
sjb
Sajau Basap Sajau, Sujau.Punan Sajau, Punan Basap, Punan Batu 2. Related to Basap [bdb].6,0001981East Kalimantan Province, Berau and Bulungan regencies, northeast of Muaramalinau. North Borneo, Rejang–Sajau
55
slg
Selungai Murut Murut.1,240
(640)
2000East Kalimantan Province, Nunukan Regency east of Lumbis on upper reaches of Sembakung River. Also in Malaysia (Sabah). North Borneo, North Sarawakan, Dayic, Murutic, Murut
56
snv
Sa'ban Saban, Merau.
(850)
2000East Kalimantan Province, Nunukan Regency, Sarawak border, south of Lundayeh. North Borneo, North Sarawakan, Dayic, Kelabitic
57
sre
Sara Bakati' Sara, Riok.Some dialect differences. Unidirectional intelligibility from Sara to Rara-Bakati’.4,000 ?West Kalimantan Province, near Sanggau-Ledo northeast of Ledo. Land Dayak, Bakati'
58
sya
Siang Ot Siang.Siang, Murung 2. Related to Dohoi.60,0001981 Central Kalimantan Province, Murung Raya Regency, east of Dohoi. Greater Barito
59
tid
Tidong Camucones, Tedong, Tidoeng, Tidung, Tiran, Tirones, Tiroon, Zedong.Nonukan (Nunukan), Penchangan, Sedalir (Salalir, Sadalir, Saralir, Selalir), Tidung, Tarakan (Terakan), Sesayap (Sesajap), Sibuku.47,000
(27,000)
2007East Kalimantan Province, Bulungan Regency, Sembakung and Sibuka rivers, coast and islands around Tarakan and interior, Malinau River. Also in Malaysia (Sabah). North Borneo, North Sarawakan, Dayic, Murutic, Tidong
60
tjg
Tunjung Tunjung Dayak.Tunjung (Tunjung Tengah), Tunjung Londong, Tunjung Linggang, Pahu.50,0001981East Kalimantan Province, Kutai Regency, between Adas, Dempar, Melak, and east around the lake; south Muntaiwan area. Greater Barito, Barito-Mahakam
61
tmn
Taman Dayak Taman, Taman Dayak.30,0002007West Kalimantan Province, Kapuas Hulu regency, Kapuas River, upriver from Putussibau; Mendalam and Sibau tributaries. South Sulawesi, Bugis, Tamanic
62 [3]
tsg
Tausug Joloano Sulu, Moro Joloano, Sooloo, Sulu, Suluk, Taosug, Tausog, Taw Sug.
(12,000)
1981Northeast Kalimantan coastal settlements, immigrants from Sulu Archipelago in the Philippines. Philippine, Greater Central Philippine, Central Philippine, Bisayan, Butuan–Tausug
63
twy
Tawoyan Tabojan, Tabojan Tongka, Taboyan, Tabuyan, Tawoyan Dayak, Tewoyan.20,0001981East Central around Palori. Greater Barito 77% with Lawangan [lbx], 52% with Dusun Deyah.
64
ulu
Uma' Lung Oma Longh.Marginally intelligible with Uma Lasan [xky].3,0002006East Kalimantan Province, Malinau regency mostly, Pimping, Long Setulang, Batu Kajang, Long Uli, Long Belua villages. North Borneo, North Sarawakan, Kayan-Kenyah, Kenyah, Upper Pujungan
65
vkt
Tenggarong Kutai Malay Kutai, Tenggarong.Tenggarong Kutai, Ancalong Kutai, Northern Kutai. Many dialects. Tenggarong and Kota Bangun (Malay, Kota Bangun Kutai [mqg]) are not inherently intelligible. Shares phonological innovations with Berau Malay [bve], Banjar [bjn], and Brunei [xkd].210,000 (100,000 in Tenggarong, 60,000 in Ancalong, 50,000 in Northern Kutai.)1981East Kalimantan Province, Mahakam River basin, east central coastal area, from Sepinang and Tg; Mangkalihat north to Muarabadak and Samarinda south. Malayo-Sumbawan, Malayic, Malay
66
whk
Wahau Kenyah Wahau Kenya, Lebu’ Kulit.Uma Timai, Lebu’ Kulit, Uma’ Ujok.8,0002007East Kalimantan Province, upper Mahakam River, Batu Majang, Buluk Sen, Uma’ Dian, Muara Pedohon, Kampung Baru, Uma’ Bekuai, Tabang Lama villages. North Borneo, North Sarawakan, Kayan-Kenyah, Kenyah, Kayanic Kenyah
67
whu
Wahau Kayan Wahau Kajan.5001981East Kalimantan Province, north of Muara Wahau. North Borneo, North Sarawakan, Kayan-Kenyah, Kayanic, Kayan Proper
68
xay
Kayan Mahakam 1,3001981East Kalimantan Province, West Kutai and Malinau regencies, 2 areas. North Borneo, North Sarawakan, Kayan-Kenyah, Kayanic, Kayan Proper
69
xdy
Malayic Dayak Bamayo, Bumayoh.Tapitn, Banana’, Kayung (Kayong), Delang, Semitau, Suhaid, Mentebah-Suruk, Arut (Sukarame), Lamandau (Landau Kantu), Sukamara (Kerta Mulya), Riam (Nibung Terjung), Belantikan (Sungkup), Tamuan, Tomun, Pangin, Sekakai, Silat. Listed dialects form a chain and may constitute 3 or more languages. Related to Kendayan [knx] and Keninjal [knl].520,000 (300 Tapitn, 100,000 Banana’, 100,000 Kayung, 200,000 Delang, 10,000 Semitau, 10,000 Suhaid, 20,000 Mentebah-Suruk)1981Large portions of eastern West Kalimantan and western Central Kalimantan provinces. Banana’ and Tapitn are western, between Singakawang, Bengkayang, Darit, and Sungairaya; Kayung and Delang are southern, between Sandai, Muarakayang, Pembuanghulu, Sukamara, and Sukaraja; Semitau, Suhaid, and Mentebah-Suruk are eastern, southeast of Kapuas River from Sintang to Putus Sibau. Malayo-Sumbawan, Malayic, Malay
70
xem
Kembayan Karambai.11,0002007West Kalimantan Province, near Sarawak border, Balaikarangan, Kembayan, Landak River area. Land Dayak
71
xkd
Mendalam Kayan Mendalam Kajan.1,5001981West Kalimantan Province, northeast of Putus Sibau, Mendalam River. North Borneo, North Sarawakan, Kayan-Kenyah, Kayanic, Kayan Proper
72
xke
Kereho Keriau Punan.Busang (Kereho-Busang), Seputan, Uheng (Kereho-Uheng).5002003West Kalimantan Province, far east Kapuas Hulu Regency, near Sarawak border, Kereho River. North Borneo, North Sarawakan, Kayan-Kenyah, Kayanic, Muller-Schwaner 'Punan' 69% with Hovongan [hov], 69% with Aoheng [pni].
73
xkl
Mainstream Kenyah Usun Apau Kenyah, Highland Kenyah.Lepo’ Tau, Lepo’ Bem, Uma’ Jalan, Uma’ Tukung, Lepo’ Ke, Lepo’ Kuda, Lepo’ Maut, Lepo’ Ndang, Badeng, Bakung, Lepo’ Tepu’.32,000
(12,000)
2007East Kalimantan Province, Malinau Regency, Pimping, Long Setulang, Batu Kajang, Long Uli, Long Belua villages, Kayan, Mahakam, Upper Baram, Bahau, Upper Balui, Malinau, Belayan, and Telen river areas. Also in Malaysia (Sarawak). North Borneo, North Sarawakan, Kayan-Kenyah, Kenyah
74
xkn
Kayan River Kayan Kajang, Kayan River Kajan.Uma Leken, Kayaniyut Kayan, Uma Laran.2,0001981East Kalimantan Province, Kayan River, 2 areas. North Borneo, North Sarawakan, Kayan-Kenyah, Kayanic, Kayan Proper
75
xky
Uma' Lasan Western Kenyah.Uma’ Alim, Uma’ Lasan, Uma’ Baka.
(1,500)
2003, 2005East Kalimantan Province, Malinau regency, primarily Long Pujungan and Long Jelet Mesahan villages, also Long Pejalin (Uma’ Alim). North Borneo, North Sarawakan, Kayan-Kenyah, Kenyah, Upper Pujungan

Related Research Articles

Bidayuh Ethnic group from Borneo

Bidayuh is the collective name for several indigenous groups found in southern Sarawak, Malaysia and northern West Kalimantan, Indonesia, on the island of Borneo, which are broadly similar in language and culture. The name Bidayuh means 'inhabitants of land'. Originally from the western part of Borneo, the collective name Land Dayak was first used during the period of Rajah James Brooke, the White Rajah of Sarawak. At times, they were also lesser referred to as Klemantan people. They constitute one of the main indigenous groups in Sarawak and West Kalimantan and live in towns and villages around Kuching and Serian in the Malaysian state of Sarawak, while in the Indonesian province of West Kalimantan they are mainly concentrated in the northern Sanggau Regency. In Sarawak, most of Bidayuh population can be found within 40 km of the geographical area known as Greater Kuching, within the Kuching and Serian Division. They are the second-largest Dayak ethnic group in Sarawak after the Iban and one of the major Dayak tribes in West Kalimantan.

The Sara language is a language spoken in Kalimantan in Indonesia by about 200 people.

Banjarese language Malayic language of southeast Borneo, Indonesia

Banjarese is an Austronesian language spoken by the Banjar people of South Kalimantan province of Indonesia. Since the Banjarese were historically nomadic merchants, Banjarese has been spoken throughout modern Indonesia and the Malay world.

Berau, is a Malayic language which is spoken by Berau Malays in Berau Regency, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. It is one three native varieties of Malay in southern Borneo along with Banjar and Kutai, of which it forms a dialect continuum.

Kutai

Kutai is a historical region in East Kalimantan, Indonesia on the island of Borneo and is also the name of the native ethnic group of the region, numbering around 300,000 who have their own language known as the Kutainese language which accompanies their own rich history. Today, the name is preserved in the names of three regencies in East Kalimantan province which are the Kutai Kartanegara Regency, the West Kutai Regency and the East Kutai Regency with the major river flowing in the heart of the region known as the Mahakam River. Kutai is known to be the place of the first and oldest Hindu kingdom to exist in Indonesia, the Kutai Martadipura Kingdom which was later succeeded by the Muslim Kutai Kartanegara Sultanate.

The Ibanic languages are a branch of the Malayic languages indigenous to western Borneo. They are spoken by the Ibans and related groups in East Malaysia and the Indonesian province of West Kalimantan. Other Dayak languages, called Land Dayak, which are not Ibanic, are found in the northwest corner of Kalimantan, between Ibanic and non-Ibanic Malayic languages such as Kendayan and the Malay dialects of Sarawak and Pontianak.

Lun Bawang language Austronesian language spoken on Borneo

Lun Bawang or Lundayeh is the language spoken by the Lun Bawangs. It belongs to the Malayo-Polynesian family.

Bakumpai is an Austronesian language belonging to the West Barito languages. It is spoken by about 100,000 Bakumpai people living in the central Kalimantan, Indonesia.

Ma'anyan or Ma'anjan or Maanyak Dayak is an Austronesian language belonging to the East Barito languages. It is spoken by about 150,000 Ma'anyan people living in the province of Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. It is closely related to the Malagasy language spoken in Madagascar.

Kutai is a Malayan language spoken by 300,000 to 500,000 people. It is the native language of Kutai people, the indigenous ethnic group which lives along the Mahakam River in Borneo, especially in North Kalimantan, Indonesia. They are the principal population in the regencies of West Kutai, Kutai Kartanegara, and East Kutai within North Kalimantan province.

Tidung people

The Tidung, Tidong are a native group originating from northeastern part of Borneo and surrounding small islands. They live on both sides of the border of Malaysia and Indonesia.

The Biatah language is spoken in the Malaysian state of Sarawak and the Indonesian province of West Kalimantan. It belongs to the Malayo-Polynesian branch of the Austronesian language family.

Embaloh (Maloh) is an Austronesian (Dayak) language of spoken in West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Apart from Taman, it is not close to other languages on Borneo, but rather belongs to the South Sulawesi languages. Many speakers of Embaloh also speak Iban, leading to the adoption of some Iban loanwords into Embaloh.

Kendayan, or Salako (Selako), is a Malayic Dayak language of Borneo. The exact number of speakers remains unknown, but is estimated to be around 350,000.

Bamayo (Bumayoh) is a Malayic Dayak language of Borneo.

Basap is an Austronesian language spoken in Borneo, Indonesia.

Sa’ban is one of the remoter languages of Borneo, on the Sarawak–Kalimantan border. The language is known as hmeu Sa'ban in the Sa'ban language.

Umaʼ Lasan is a Kayan language of Borneo. Umaʼ Lung is marginally intelligible with the other varieties.

Kembayan, or Mateq (Mate’), is a Dayak language of Borneo.

Segai, also known as Punan Kelai, is a Kayanic language spoken in several communities along the Kelai River, Berau Regency, East Kalimantan, Indonesia.

References

  1. Languages of Kalimantan in Ethnologue
  2. First amount - total, in brackets - Indonesia
  3. Not shown on the map

See also