List of assassinations in Lebanon

Last updated

Contents

This is a list of assassinations in Lebanon.

Pre-1970s

DateVictim(s)LocationMethodAssassin(s)Notes
1152 Raymond II of Tripoli, count of Tripoli Tripoli Killed by Hashshashin
April 28, 1192 Conrad of Montferrat Tyre Killed by Hashshashin
August 17, 1270 Philip of Montfort, Lord of Tyre Killed by Hashshashin
1528 Muhammad Agha Shu'ayb, Tripoli ruler Tripoli Assassinated along with his son in the Taynal Mosque of Tripoli.
August 6, 1921 Fouad Jumblatt, Druze leaderShakeeb Wahhab
October 31, 1950 Sami al-Hinnawi, Syrian head of stateBeirutShootingHersho al-BaraziKilled by a cousin of former Prime Minister Muhsin al-Barazi, who al-Hinnawi had executed following a coup.
July 17, 1951 Riad Al Solh, first Prime minister of Lebanon AmmanShooting SSNP In revenge for the execution of Antoun Saadeh
May 8, 1958 Nasib Al Matn, Nasserist journalistBeirutShootingPro-Chamoun LebaneseAl Matni was assassinated in his office in West Beirut in the early hours on 8 May 1958. [1]
September 1958Fouad Haddad, Journalist at the Kataeb Party's Al Amal newspaperBeirutAbductionKidnapped in Beirut and killed in September 1958. [2]
October 13, 1958 Waheed el Solh, aide to Prime Minister Sami Solh BeirutSniperfireAssassinated during the 1958 Lebanon Crisis
July 12, 1959 Naim Moghabghab, Member of Parliament for the National Liberal Party Shooting Progressive Socialist Party Killed when opponents attacked him in his car
May 16, 1966 Kamel Mrowa, the publisher of Al-Hayat and The Daily Star newspapersBeirutShootingAdnan Chaker Sultani (INM)Shot at his office in Beirut. [3]

1970s

DateVictim(s)LocationMethodAssassin(s)Notes
March 4, 1972 Muhammad Umran, former Minister of Defense of SyriaTripoliShootingShot outside his home in Tripoli
July 8, 1972 Ghassan Kanafani, Palestinian writer & spokesperson for the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine BeirutBomb Mossad Killed by a 3-kg bomb attached to his car in Beirut along with his 17-year old niece.
April 9, 1973 Kamal Adwan, senior Fatah officerBeirutRaid Israel Defence Force See IDF seaborne attack
Muhammad Youssef al-Najjar, Palestine Liberation Organization executiveWife and elderly neighbor also killed in response to the Munich massacre
Kamal Nasser, Palestinian poetSee 1973 Israeli raid on Lebanon
March 6, 1975 Maarouf Saad, Member of Parliament for Sidon SidonShooting Lebanese Army (Alleged)Shot during a fisherman's protest and later died in a Beirut hospital
July 15, 1975Amine Abouchahine, senior member of the Progressive Socialist Party Kataeb Regulatory Forces
May 25, 1976Linda Jumblatt, sister of Kamal Jumblatt BeirutShootingShe was killed in her apartment in Beirut's eastern suburbs. Her two daughters were also injured. [4]
June 16, 1976 Francis E. Meloy, Jr., United States Ambassador to Lebanon BeirutAbduction PFLP Kidnapped by members of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine and the bullet-riddled bodies had been found on a garbage dump near the beach in Ramlet al-Baida
June 16, 1976 Robert O. Waring, US Economic Counselor to Lebanon
March 16, 1977 Kamal Jumblatt, Druze leader Baakleen ShootingUnknownKamal Jumblatt was gunned down in his car near the village of Baakline in the Chouf mountains by unidentified gunmen. [5] [6] [7] His bodyguard and driver also died in the attack. [5]
June 7, 1978 [8] Joud el Bayeh, Kataeb Party leader in Zgharta and Marada Movement affiliate Zgharta Marada Movement His assassination is believed to have triggered the Ehden massacre. [8]
June 13, 1978 Tony Frangieh, Christian leader Ehden Mass killing Phalangists Killed by Phalangists led by Elie Hobeika during the Ehden massacre
January 22, 1979 Ali Hassan Salameh, Fatah security chief and CIA assetBeirutCar bombMossadKilled in a car bomb along with eight other people in Beirut

1980s

DateVictim(s)LocationMethodAssassin(s)Notes
March 6, 1980 Salim Lawzi, journalist Aramoun ShootingSyrian intelligence agentsHe was kidnapped by gunmen on the Airport Road on 25 February 1980. His heavily bruised tortured body was found nine days later on 4 March 1980 in Aramoun, on the outskirts of Beirut. [9]
May 2, 1980Hassan al-Shirazi, Iraqi-Iranian Shia scholar Borj el Brajneh ShootingBa'ath officersThirteen bullets hit al-Shirazi, mostly in his head, killing him. [10]
July 23, 1980 Riad Taha, journalist and president of the Lebanese Publishers Association.BeirutShootingUnknownAlthough there have been rumors that Syrian intelligence killed him, there is also another report, stating that Taha was killed due to the feud between his family and another Shiite family. [11]
July 28, 1980 Musa Shuaib, poet and member of Ba'ath Party BeirutCar bombUnknownKilled by a car bomb at Beirut International Airport along with three others
August 16, 1981Elias Hannush, NLP commanderBeirutShootingLeftist gunmenHis nine-year-old daughter, his seven-year-old son, and two bodyguards were also gunned down. [12]
September 4, 1981 Louis Delamare, French ambassadorBeirutShooting Red Knights Was shot at a checkpoint in Beirut.
March 16, 1982Bachir Kayrouz, former MP [13] Hazmieh ShootingUnknownWas killed in Hazmieh
April 1982Sheikh Ahmad Assaf, Sunni cleric [14] BeirutShootingLeftist gunmenGunned down by three assailants while driving home from a mosque in West Beirut.
September 14, 1982 Bachir Gemayel, President-elect of Lebanon BeirutBombing Habib Tanious Shartouni Bomb explosion in the Kataeb's Beirut headquarters. [15]
September 29, 1982 Saad Sayel, senior PLO commander Rayak Shooting Abu Nidal Group He was taken by ambulance to the Mowasat hospital in Damascus, where he died from severe bleeding.
April 18, 1983 Robert Ames, CIA chiefBeirutSuicide vanHezbollahA suicide bombing in Beirut, Lebanon, that killed 32 Lebanese, 17 Americans, and 14 visitors and passers-by. The victims were mostly embassy and CIA staff members.
Kenneth Haas, Station Chief
James Lewis, CIA officer
Janet Lee Stevens, American journalist
William R. McIntyre, deputy director of the United States Agency for International Development
December 1, 1983Sheik Halim Takieddin, Druze leader [16] BeirutShootingUnknownWas found dead at his home in West Beirut.
January 19, 1984 Malcolm H. Kerr, President of the AUB BeirutShooting Islamic Jihad Organisation Shot by two gunmen outside his office
February 14, 1984 Ghaith Khoury, Kataeb leader in Jbeil Okaibe ShootingGeorges Tannous Chidiac [17] His wife was also killed due to her injuries
March 1984 Peter Kilburn AbductionHezbollah (Islamic Jihad)
February 16, 1984 Ragheb Harb, Shia leader in south Lebanon Jibchit ShootingDanny Abdallah and Hussein AbbasShot outside his home by Lebanese criminals, allegedly at the direction of Mossad.
December 28, 1984Sheikh Khalil al Tawil, Druze leader Baakleen ShootingUnknownWas killed by four gunmen [18]
June 3, 1985 William Francis Buckley, officer at the U.S. embassyExecutionHezbollah (Islamic Jihad)Abducted in Beirut on March 16 1984. Executed in 1985.
February 9, 1986Khalil Akkawi, leader of the Islamic Unification Movement Tripoli ShootingSyriaSyrian Military Intelligence killed Tawhid leader Khalil Akkawi because he refused to fight the Lebanese Forces. [19] Three supporters of Akkawi's Islamic Tawheed, or Islamic Unification Movement, were slain in gunfights with Syrian troopers after his burial. [20]
May 18, 1987 Mahdi Amel, Marxist intellectual and militantBeirutShootingUnknownAmel was walking on Algeria street when armed men shot him. [21]
June 1, 1987 Rashid Karami, Prime Minister of LebanonBeirut Helicopter bombing Syria (alleged)Killed by bomb aboard helicopter, planted by the Lebanese Forces. [15]
August 2, 1987 Mohammad Choucair, advisor to President Amine Gemayel BeirutShootingSyrianKilled in his West Beirut apartment.
February 9, 1989 Anwar al-Fatayri, Progressive Socialist Party officialDeri el QamarShootingOfficer in the Lebanese army Shot at a public event
May 1, 1989Sobhi Saleh, head of the Sunni Islamic Higher Council.BeirutShootingUnknownWas killed by masked men in motorcycles near a mosque in West Beirut. [22]
February 17, 1987 Husayn Muruwwa, Marxist philosopherBeirutShootingUnknownShot in his head by gunmen at his house
September 24, 1987André Mass, director of USJ in Saida Sidon ShootingUnknownThree men stormed into his office and killed him. [23]
May 16, 1989 Hassan Khaled, leader of Sunni communityBeirutCar bombSyriaKhaled and 21 others were killed. [24]
September 21, 1989 Nazem Qadri, Member of Parliament from Beqaa regionBeirutShootingSyriaDriver also killed
November 22, 1989 René Moawad, President of LebanonBeirutCar bombUnknownKilled along with 23 others when a 250-kg car bomb exploded while he was being driven through West Beirut

1990s

DateVictim(s)LocationMethodAssassin(s)Notes
January 19, 1990Elias Zayek, Kataeb commander Byblos Shooting Lebanese Forces Was shot and killed in Jbeil
October 21, 1990 Dany Chamoun, son of former President Camille Chamoun BeirutShootingSyrian occupation army [25] Killed along with his wife and 2 sons. Lebanese Forces leader Samir Geagea was convicted but later cleared of the murder.
December 1991Mustafa Jeha, writer and Al-Amal contributer [26] BeirutShootingHezbollahHe was a critic of Hezbollah and Iran
February 16, 1992 Abbas al-Musawi, Secretary-General of Hezbollah Nabatieh Airstrike IDF Killed in an airstrike which also killed his wife, son and four others
August 6, 1993 Henri Philippe Pharaoun, former Foreign MinisterBeirutStabbingFormer bodyguardWas murdered in his bedroom at the Carlton Hotel [27]
January 29, 1994Naib Ma'ayta, First Secretary of the Jordanian Embassy [28] BeirutShootingFatahShot in head and chest by lone gunman outside his Beirut apartment [29]
April 13, 1994Talib Suhayl al-Tamimi, leading member of the Council for a Free Iraq.BeirutShootingIraqi intelligenceFour diplomats from the Iraqi embassy detained. One died in prison, the other three sent back to Iraq in 1996 [30]
August 31, 1995Nizar al-Halabi, leader of the Al-Ahbash Sufi movement [31] BeirutShootingmembers of Osbat al-Ansar Killed instantly when gunmen in a white Mercedes opened fire on his car in West Beirut

2000s

DateVictim(s)LocationMethodAssassin(s)Notes
January 30, 2000 Aql Hashem, Colonel in the South Lebanon Army Debel BombingHezbollahKilled by a remote-controlled bomb in his farm outside Debel. The planning and execution of the operation was filmed and broadcast by Hizbollah's own TV-station Al-Manar.
January 24, 2002 Elie Hobeika, militia leader Hazmiyeh Car bombDisputedKilled by a car bomb near his house in the Beirut suburb of Hazmiyeh. The explosion killed three other people, including his two bodyguards, and wounded six more people. [32]
May 7, 2002 Ramzi Irani, Lebanese Forces student representative at Lebanese University BeirutExecutionCold caseWas walking down Hamra Street on his way to celebrate the birthday of his 5-year-old daughter, Yasmina when he was kidnapped without a trace.
May 17, 2003Abdullah Shraidi, former leader of Osbat al-Nour Ain el-Hilweh Shooting Fatah Shraidi died two months later, in July, [33] from wounds sustained during the shooting.
May 20, 2002 Jihad Ahmed Jibril, leader of the military wing of the PFLP-GCBeirutCar bombMossadA 2 kg TNT booby trap had been put under the driver's seat of his car. The blast occurred in a crowded commercial center in Beirut's Mar Elias district.
May 2, 2004Pierre Boulos, former chairman of LF students' branch Gemmayzeh AbductionFound dead in his car outside the Gemayze Hospital after disappearing. [34]
July 19, 2004 Ghaleb Awwali, Amal officialBeirutCar bombKilled by a car bomb in Beirut
February 14, 2005 Rafik Hariri, billionaire and former Prime Minister of Lebanon BeirutCar bomb Hezbollah Killed, along with more than 20 others by a one tonne truck bomb that exploded as his motorcade passed by in Beirut. See Assassination of Rafic Hariri
Bassel Fleihan, Economics Minister in the Hariri governmentBeirutCar bomb Hezbollah Travelling in Hariri's motorcade, died of wounds sustained in explosion. See Assassination of Rafic Hariri
June 2, 2005 Samir Kassir, columnist at "An Nahar" newspaper and fierce critic of SyriaBeirutCar bombSyriaKassir was assassinated using a car bomb in Beirut on 2 June 2005, just a few days after the general elections. [35]
June 21, 2005 George Hawi, former chief of the Lebanese Communist Party BeirutCar bomb Hezbollah When a bomb planted in his Mercedes car was detonated by remote control, as he travelled through Beirut's Wata Musaitbi neighbourhood. [36]
December 12, 2005 Gibran Tueni, Editor in Chief of "An Nahar" newspaper Mkalles Car bomb Strugglers for the Unity and Freedom of al-Sham Two of his bodyguards were also killed in the blast.
May 26, 2006 Mahmoud al-Majzoub, Palestinian Islamic Jihad officialSidonCar bombMossadHis brother Nidal al-Majzoub also died in the explosion.
November 21, 2006 Pierre Gemayel, Minister of Industry Jdeideh ShootingStrugglers for the Unity and Freedom of al-ShamThe day before Lebanese Independence Day, at least three to four gunmen opened fire at close range on Gemayel with five different types of suppressed automatic weapons
June 13, 2007 Walid Eido, Future Party member of the Lebanese Parliament BeirutCar bombSyrian intelligenceSeveral citizens were also killed, two of whom were Nejmeh footballers, Hussein Naeem and Hussein Dokmak.
September 19, 2007 Antoine Ghanim, member of the Lebanese Parliament Sin el Fil Car bombSyrian intelligenceThe car-bomb that killed him along with at least six others, including his two bodyguards, one of whom is Antoine Daou.
December 12, 2007 François al-Hajj, GeneralBaabdaCar bombSyrian intelligenceFour other people, including his bodyguard, also died in the attack. [37]
January 25, 2008 Wissam Eid, senior intelligence official within the Internal Security Forces of Lebanon Hazmiyeh Car bombSyrian intelligenceA car bomb attack containing an explosive charge of at least 50 kg of explosives killed him, along with his bodyguard and two civilians
February 12, 2008 Imad Mughniyah, senior Hezbollah member Kafr Sousa Car bombMossadKilled by a car bomb blast at around 23:00 in the Kafr Sousa neighborhood of Damascus, Syria.
September 10, 2008 Saleh al Aridi, leader of the Lebanese Democratic Party Baissour Car bombUnknownKilled by a 700gm bomb placed in his car outside his home in Aley District
March 23, 2009 Kamal Naji, deputy representative of the PLO in Lebanon Mieh Mieh BombIsrael (alleged)Naji and three others were killed when a roadside bomb exploded as his convoy was passing the Kifah el Musallah security check point to Mieh Mieh camp near Sidon. [38]

2010s

DateVictim(s)LocationMethodAssassin(s)Notes
October 19, 2012 Wissam al-Hassan, head of information branch of the Internal Security Forces BeirutCar bombSyrian intelligenceSeven other people including his driver also died and nearly eighty people were wounded in the huge blast. [39]
December 4, 2013 Hassan al-Laqqis, military commander of Hezbollah Hadath Shooting ISIS in Lebanon A number of gunmen shot him in the head in his car from close range as he arrived at his home
December 27, 2013 Mohamad Chatah, former finance minister, ambassador to the United States, and advisor to Prime Minister Saad Hariri BeirutCar bomb Hezbollah Killed by a car bomb in Beirut. Presumed to be because Chatah was mentioned as a potential candidate for prime minister. Saad Hariri hinted that he believed the assassins to be from Hezbollah. [40]
February 20, 2014Abdulrahman Diab, Arab Democratic Party official [41] TripoliShootingUnknownGunned down in his car by passing motorcyclists

2020's

DateVictim(s)LocationMethodAssassin(s)Notes
December 2, 2020Mounir Abou Rjeily, head of the anti-smuggling unit in the Higher Customs Council Qartaba StabbingUnknownIt was found that the head was injured by a sharp instrument which led to his death. [42]
February 4, 2021 Lokman Slim, publisher, political activist and commentator Addousiyeh [43] Shooting Hezbollah Stated that Hezbollah supporters had been threatening him at his home and accusing him of treason before his murder. [44]
July 30, 2023 Abu Ashraf al Armoushi, Fatah militantAin el-HilwehShootingShabab Al-MuslimIslamist militants ambushed a Fatah military general in a parking lot, killing him and three bodyguards.
August 6, 2023 Elias Hasrouni, former Lebanese Forces official [45] Ain Ebel Shooting Hezbollah Lebanese Forces veteran was found murdered in his car at his hometown.
January 2, 2024 Saleh al-Arouri, deputy leader of Hamas Dahieh AirstrikeIDFKilled along with six others by an Israeli drone strike in Dahieh, Beirut. [46]
January 8, 2024 Wissam al-Tawil, commander in Hezbollah's Radwan Force. Majdel Selm AirstrikeIDFHighest ranking Hezbollah official killed during the 2023 Israel–Hezbollah conflict. [47]
April 7, 2024 Pascal Suleiman, Lebanese Forces coordinator Byblos ShootingSyrian gangHis abandoned body was found by Syrian soldiers in the Hawit area of Syria. Motives remain unknown. [48]
April 9, 2024 Mohammad Srour, Hamas money smuggler Beit Meri ShootingMossad (alleged)According to the US Treasury, Srour funneled millions of dollars from Iran to Hamas. [49]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Progressive Socialist Party</span> Political party in Lebanon

The Progressive Socialist Party is a Lebanese political party. Its confessional base is in the Druze sect and its regional base is in Mount Lebanon Governorate, especially the Chouf District. Founded by Kamal Jumblatt in 1949, the party was led by his son Walid Jumblatt between 1977 and 25 May 2023, on 25 June 2023 the son of Walid Taymur Jumblatt was officially consecrated as leader of the PSP.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Camille Chamoun</span> President of Lebanon from 1952 to 1958

Camille Nimr Chamoun OM, ONC was a Lebanese politician who served as President of Lebanon from 1952 to 1958. He was one of the country's main Christian leaders during most of the Lebanese Civil War (1975–1990).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lebanese Civil War</span> 1975–1990 conflict in Lebanon

The Lebanese Civil War was a multifaceted armed conflict that took place from 1975 to 1990. It resulted in an estimated 150,000 fatalities and also led to the exodus of almost one million people from Lebanon.

The Islamic Jihad Organization was a Lebanese Shia militia known for its activities in the 1980s during the Lebanese Civil War.

The Organization of the Oppressed on Earth is a group that claimed responsibility for kidnappings, bombings, and executions in Lebanon in the 1980s. It was considered a precursor to, or another name for, Islamic Jihad and Hezbollah.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rashid Karami</span> Lebanese politician

Rashid Karami was a Lebanese statesman. He is considered one of the most important political figures in Lebanon for more than 30 years, including during much of the Lebanese Civil War (1975–1990), and he served as prime minister eight times, making him the most democratically elected prime minister in history according to the Guinness Book of World Records 2005. He was assassinated in 1987.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1985 Beirut car bombings</span> Failed assassination attempt in Beirut, Lebanon

On 8 March 1985, a car bomb exploded between 9 and 45 metres from the house of Shia cleric Sayyed Mohammad Hussein Fadlallah in Beirut, Lebanon, in a failed assassination attempt by a Lebanese counter-terrorism unit linked to the Central Intelligence Agency. The bombing killed 80 people and injured 200, almost all civilians.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2006–2008 Lebanese protests</span> Series of political protests in Lebanon

The 2006–2008 Lebanese protests were a series of political protests and sit-ins in Lebanon that began on 1 December 2006, led by groups that opposed the US and Saudi-backed government of Prime Minister Fouad Siniora and ended on 21 May 2008 with the signing of the Doha Agreement. The opposition was made up of Hezbollah, Amal, and the Free Patriotic Movement (FPM); a number of smaller parties were also involved, including the Marada party, the Lebanese Communist Party and the Syrian Social Nationalist Party. A majority of the members of the government were part of the anti-Syrian March 14 Alliance, a coalition of political parties and independents in Lebanon. The two groups were also divided along religious lines, with most Sunnis and Druze supporting the government, and most Shi'a supporting the opposition. The Christian community was split between the two factions, with Michel Aoun, the leader of the FPM, claiming to have more than 70% support among the Christians, based on the results of the 2005 parliamentary election.

The Lebanon hostage crisis was the kidnapping in Lebanon of 104 foreign hostages between 1982 and 1992, when the Lebanese Civil War was at its height. The hostages were mostly Americans and Western Europeans, but 21 national origins were represented. At least eight hostages died in captivity; some were murdered, while others died from lack of adequate medical attention to illnesses. During the fifteen years of the Lebanese civil war an estimated 17,000 people disappeared after being abducted.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2008 Lebanon conflict</span> Intrastate conflict in Lebanon in 2008

The 2008 Lebanon conflict was a brief intrastate military conflict in May 2008 in Lebanon between opposition militias and pro-government Sunnis, after the 18-month-long political crisis spiralled out of control, when the government's decision to dismantle Hezbollah's telecommunication system, which led to Hezbollah seizing control of majority Sunni neighbourhoods in west Beirut, and ended with the adoption of the Doha Accord in 2008.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lokman Slim</span> Lebanese publisher and political activist (1962–2021)

Lokman Mohsen Slim was a Lebanese Shiite publisher, political activist and commentator, who promoted a Culture of Remembrance to cope with the many past and present conflicts of Lebanon and the whole region. Slim was known to be a prominent critic of Hezbollah but also critical of all other sectarian parties. He was found shot to death in his car in Hezbollah-dominated southern Lebanon. Many people, including Slim's sister have alleged Hezbollah to have committed the assassination, a charge that Hezbollah has denied.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mustafa Badreddine</span> Hezbollah member (1961–2016)

Mustafa Badreddine, also known as Mustafa Badr Al Din, Mustafa Amine Badreddine, Mustafa Youssef Badreddine, Sami Issa, and Elias Fouad Saab, was a military leader of Hezbollah and both the cousin and brother-in-law of Imad Mughniyah. He was nicknamed Dhu al-Fiqar referring to the legendary sword of Imam Ali. His death is seen as one of the biggest blows in the Hezbollah leadership.

On 19 October 2012, Wissam al-Hassan, a brigadier general of the Lebanese Internal Security Forces (ISF) and the head of its intelligence-oriented information branch, died along with several others killed by a car bomb in the Achrafieh district of Beirut. The killing of a senior figure closely linked with the anti-Assad camp in Lebanon led to immediate speculation that Syria, or its allies, were behind the attack in Beirut. Al-Hassan had also led the investigation that implicated Syria and its ally Hezbollah in the killing of the former prime minister Rafik Hariri.

The assassination of Mohamad Chatah occurred on 27 December 2013 when a car bomb targeting a convoy detonated in Beirut Central District killing Chatah, his bodyguard, and four others. Chatah had previously served as Lebanon's finance minister and ambassador to the United States and was known as a leading critic of Hezbollah and the Assad regime among the country's political elite. Described as a political assassination, the killing was widely seen as a message to Lebanon's March 14 movement.

The War of Brothers was a period of violent armed clashes between rivals Amal and Hezbollah, Lebanon's main Shiite militia movements, during the final stages of the Lebanese Civil War. The fighting broke out in April 1988 and proceeded intermittently in three phases over the following years until the signing of an agreement brokered by their respective foreign backers, Syria and Iran, in November 1990.

The Battle of Sidon was fought between the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) and the Lebanese Government from 2 to 6 July 1991, and was the final battle of the Lebanese Civil War. The causes of the battle laid in the PLO's refusal to accept the Taif Agreement, which required the PLO to disarm. The government's deadline for PLO withdrawal from Sidon was on 1 July 1991. After four days of fighting, the PLO capitulated, marking the end of hostilities in the Lebanese Civil War. The Lebanese Government hoped that defeating the PLO would convince Israel to end its occupation of Southern Lebanon, which the Israeli government justified by its need for a buffer against PLO incursions.

Events in the year 2021 in Lebanon.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Monika Borgmann</span> German-Lebanese filmmaker & activist

Monika Borgmann-Slim is a German–Lebanese journalist, award-winning documentary filmmaker, and archivist. She is an activist against what she describes as Lebanon's culture of impunity and Vergangenheitsbewältigung, countering official amnesia about the Lebanese Civil War (1975–1990). She is the widow of the Lebanese filmmaker, archivist and activist Lokman Slim, who was assassinated in 2021.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Assassination of Saleh al-Arouri</span> 2024 assassination of the deputy leader of Hamas

On 2 January 2024, Saleh al-Arouri, the deputy leader of Hamas, was killed in an Israeli strike on an office in the Dahieh neighborhood of Beirut, Lebanon. The strike also killed six other individuals, including additional high-ranking Hamas militants.

References

  1. ↑ K. S. (September 1958). "The Lebanese Crisis in Perspective". The World Today . 14 (9): 369–380. JSTOR   40393919.
  2. ↑ "A century of Attacks on Free Expression". Kateeb.org. 6 May 2015. Retrieved 7 November 2021.
  3. ↑ "A century of Attacks on Free Expression". Kateeb.org. 6 May 2015. Retrieved 7 November 2021.
  4. ↑ Times, Henry Tanner Special to The New York (1976-05-28). "Sister of Moslem Leader Is Murdered in Lebanon". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved 2024-02-17.
  5. 1 2 O'Ballance, Edgar (1998). Civil War in Lebanon, 1975-92. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 62. ISBN   978-0-312-21593-4.
  6. ↑ Llewellyn, Tim (2010). Spirit of the Phoenix: Beirut and the Story of Lebanon. I.B.Tauris. p. xiii. ISBN   978-1-84511-735-1.
  7. ↑ Knudsen, Are (2010). "Acquiescence to Assassinations in Post-Civil War Lebanon?". Mediterranean Politics . 15 (1): 1–23. doi:10.1080/13629391003644611. S2CID   154792218.
  8. 1 2 "Kataëb-Marada: les grandes dates". L'Orient-Le Jour. 2019-04-24. Retrieved 2021-01-16.
  9. ↑ Fouad Ajami (29 May 1992). The Arab Predicament: Arab Political Thought and Practice since 1967. Cambridge University Press. p. 2. ISBN   978-0-521-43833-9.
  10. ↑ "al-Shahid al-Mufaker Ayat Allah al-Sayid Hasan al-Shirazi" [The martyr and thinker Ayatollah Sayyid Hassan al-Shirazi]. almodarresi.com (in Arabic). Retrieved 2020-06-13.
  11. ↑ "Feuds rampant in Lebanon". The Spokesman Review. Beirut. AP. 16 September 1982. Retrieved 23 March 2013.
  12. ↑ https://www.ictj.org/sites/default/files/ICTJ-Report-Lebanon-Mapping-2013-EN_0.pdf
  13. ↑ ThemeLooks. "الاغتيالات في لبنان والفاعل لا زال مجهولاً". monthlymagazine.com. Retrieved 2024-06-04.
  14. ↑ "Moslems and Christians in rare show of unity - UPI Archives". UPI. Retrieved 2024-02-16.
  15. 1 2 "Historic Assassinations Since 1865," The World Almanac and Book of Facts 2004, p.156 (World Almanac 2004)
  16. ↑ Hijazi, Ihsan A. (1983-12-02). "DRUSE RELIGIOUS LEADER IS SLAIN AT HOME IN BEIRUT". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved 2024-02-17.
  17. ↑ Justice Assassination of Ghaith Khoury: a former FL militiaman confesses lorientlejour.com (June 14, 1999)
  18. ↑ "Druze Sheikh Khalil al Tawil assassinated". The Centre for Social Sciences Research & Action. 2014-09-23. Retrieved 2024-02-17.
  19. ↑ "Rougier, B. (2015). North Lebanon in Bilad al-Sham. In The Sunni Tragedy in the Middle East: Northern Lebanon from al-Qaeda to ISIS (pp. 1–25)".
  20. ↑ "Four Killed, Including Syrian, in Tripoli Gunfights".
  21. ↑ "HASSAN ABDALLAH HAMDAN". Lokman Slim Foundation. Retrieved 2024-05-23.
  22. ↑ Hijazi, Ihsan A.; Times, Special To the New York (1986-10-08). "LEBANESE SUNNI MOSLEM LEADER IS SLAIN". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved 2024-05-23.
  23. ↑ lebanons02 (2014-10-15). "Assassination of Father André Mass, the director of USJ's branch in Saida". Civil Society Knowledge Centre. Retrieved 2024-05-23.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  24. ↑ Sunni Muslim chief killed in Lebanon The New York Times.
  25. ↑ "Lebanon Historical Conflict Mapping and Analysis". Civil Society Knowledge Centre. Retrieved 13 September 2022.
  26. ↑ "Mustafa Jeha". Committee to Protect Journalists. Retrieved 2024-02-17.
  27. ↑ "Arrest in Beirut Slaying". The Washington Post. 1993-08-09.
  28. ↑ "Lebanese Hold 4 Palestinians In Killing of Jordan Diplomat". The New York Times. 1994-02-13. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved 2024-02-16.
  29. ↑ Middle East International No 468, 4 February 1994, Publishers Lord Mayhew, Dennis Walters MP; Gerald Butt p.11
  30. ↑ Middle East International No 543, 7 February 1997; Giles Trendle p.12
  31. ↑ Middle East International No 508, 8 September 1995; G.H.Jansen pp.13-14
  32. ↑ MacFarquhar, Neil (25 January 2002). "Car Bomb Kills Figure in 1982 Lebanese Massacre". The New York Times. Retrieved 7 July 2012.
  33. ↑ "Tensions high in Palestinian refugee camp". Al Jazeera . Archived from the original on 2019-12-20.
  34. ↑ https://www.lebanese-forces.com/2009/10/05/62726/
  35. ↑ "Chronology Of Events: 2005". Mediterranean Politics. 11 (2): 279–308. 2006. doi:10.1080/13629390600683048. S2CID   220378402.
  36. ↑ Mallat, Chibli. Lebanon's Cedar Revolution An essay on non-violence and justice (PDF). Mallat. p. 124. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 February 2012.
  37. ↑ "François al-Hajj assassinated". NOW Lebanon. 12 December 2007. Retrieved 25 October 2012.
  38. ↑ Medhat received death threats – Fatah leader
  39. ↑ Al Sharif, Osama (24 October 2012). "Lebanon at the edge of precipice". Al Arabiya. Archived from the original on 24 October 2012. Retrieved 24 October 2012.
  40. ↑ "Lebanon: Hezbollah critic Mohamad Chatah's murder blamed on Shia". Independent.co.uk . 27 December 2013.
  41. ↑ "Arab Democratic Party Official Shot Dead in Tripoli amid Flare up". Naharnet. 20 February 2014. Retrieved 2024-02-17.
  42. ↑ "MOUNIR ABOU RJEILY". Lokman Slim Foundation. Retrieved 2024-05-23.
  43. ↑ "LOKMAN MOHSEN SLIM". Lokman Slim Foundation. Retrieved 2024-05-23.
  44. ↑ Jenkins, Cameron (2021-02-04). "Lebanese activist who spoke out against Hezbollah found dead in car". TheHill. Retrieved 2022-03-30.
  45. ↑ Prentis, Jamie (11 August 2023). "Murder claims after suspicious death of Lebanese Forces official in south Lebanon". The National. Retrieved 4 October 2023.
  46. ↑ "Israeli drone kills deputy Hamas chief in Beirut". Reuters. 2023-01-02. Retrieved 2023-01-02.
  47. ↑ "حزب الله يعلن استشهاد أرفع قيادي بصفوفه منذ بدء الحرب مع الاحتلال ...الشرق الأوسط" [Hezbollah announces the martyrdom of its highest-ranking leader since the start of the war with the occupation... The Middle East] (in Arabic). pressbee. 8 January 2024. Retrieved 8 January 2024.
  48. ↑ "الوكالة الوطنية للإعلام - Army receives body of citizen Pascal Suleiman from Syrian authorities". National News Agency. Retrieved 2024-04-11.
  49. ↑ National, The (2024-04-15). "Lebanese officials say Mossad killed Hamas financier in Beirut suburb". The National. Retrieved 2024-05-24.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.