List of carillons

Last updated

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Carillons are found on all six inhabited continents. Clockwise from the top left: The Belfry of Mons, Belgium; the National Carillon in Canberra, Australia; the Netherlands Carillon in Arlington, Virginia, US; the carillon at Vaillantsplein in Paramaribo, Suriname; the City Hall of Cape Town, South Africa; and the International YMCA in Jerusalem, Israel.

Carillons, musical instruments of bells in the percussion family, are found on every inhabited continent. The Netherlands, Belgium, and the United States contain more than two thirds of the world's total, and over 90 percent can be found in either Western Europe (mainly the Low Countries) or North America.

Contents

Criteria for inclusion

The World Carillon Federation  [ nl ] (WCF) defines a carillon as an instrument of at least 23 cast bronze bells hung in fixed suspension, played with a traditional keyboard of batons, and tuned in chromatic order so that they can be sounded harmoniously together. It may designate instruments of 15 to 22 bells built before 1940 as "historical carillons". [1] Its member organizations including for example The Guild of Carillonneurs in North America, [2] the German Carillon Association, [3] and the Flemish Carillon Association [4]  also define a carillon with those restrictions. Conversely, TowerBells.org a database of tower bells of all types defines a "non-traditional" carillon, which is an instrument that has had some component electrified or computerized. [5] These instruments fail to meet the definitions of a carillon defined by the associations of carillonneurs mentioned above. This list contains only those carillons that meet the definition outlined by an association of carillonneurs, such as the WCF and its member organizations.

Africa

Réunion

South Africa

Asia

Israel

Israel has one carillon, located at the Jerusalem International YMCA. It was installed and dedicated along with the rest of the newly constructed building in 1933. Gillett & Johnston cast the original 35 bells, the heaviest of which weighs 1,500 kilograms (3,300 lb). In 2018, Royal Eijsbouts cast a 36th bell, weighing 800 kilograms (1,800 lb), for the instrument. It is one of the only carillons in the Middle East. [8] [9]

Japan

Japan has been exposed to carillons through its relations with Belgium. Since the 1980s, Belgium has used a targeted cultural diplomacy program to expose Japanese artists and students to the carillon, and to encourage them to construct instruments in their country. The city and province of Antwerp and the city of Mechelen provided Osaka with a mobile carillon in 1984. Hasselt donated a carillon to Itami, its sister city, in 1990. Members of the Shinji Shumeikai religious movement, inspired by their trip to St. Rumbold's Cathedral in Mechelen, purchased a carillon for Shigaraki in 1990. The Japanese School of Brussels and the Royal Carillon School "Jef Denyn" established educational relations on playing and composing for the carillon. [10]

Philippines

The Centennial Carillon Tower, located at the University of the Philippines Diliman. UPD Carillon 2023.jpg
The Centennial Carillon Tower, located at the University of the Philippines Diliman.

South Korea

Europe

Belgium

The tower St. Rumbold's Cathedral in Mechelen contains two large, 49-bell carillons Mechelen St-Romboutskathedraal 04.JPG
The tower St. Rumbold's Cathedral in Mechelen contains two large, 49-bell carillons

Two Belgian carillon associations the Flemish Carillon Association and the Walloon Carillon Association count carillons in their respective regions. According to their registries, there are 94 carillons in Belgium: 70 in the Flemish Region, 22 in the Walloon Region, and 2 in the Brussels Capital Region. They are distributed across 77 different cities; several are located within the same city, and two are even within the same building at St. Rumbold's Cathedral in Mechelen. The population has a wide range in total weights, with bourdons spanning between 30 and 8,180 kilograms (66 and 18,034 lb). They also span a wide range of notes, from 21 (which the Flemish association considers a carillon despite failing its definition that requires at least 23 [18] ) up to 64. Many carillons were constructed over several centuries by several bellfounders; a minority are constructed entirely by a single bellfounder. The majority of carillons are transposing instruments, and often transpose such that the lowest note on the keyboard is B or C.

According to the World Carillon Federation  [ nl ], the carillons in Belgium account for 14 percent of the world's total [19] and is consequently considered one of the "great carillon countries" along with the Netherlands and the United States. [20]

British Isles

The Loughborough Carillon in Loughborough, England, memorialises fallen soldiers of the First World War Loughborough Carillon - geograph.org.uk - 3930.jpg
The Loughborough Carillon in Loughborough, England, memorialises fallen soldiers of the First World War

Carillons are found throughout the British Isles as a result of the First World War. During the German occupation of Belgium, many of the country's carillons were silenced or destroyed. This news circulated among the Allied Powers, who saw it as "the brutal annihilation of a unique democratic music instrument". [21] [22] The destruction was romanticized in poetry and music, particularly in England. Poets often exaggerating reality wrote that the Belgian carillons were in mourning and awaited to ring out on the day of the country's liberation. Edward Elgar composed a work for orchestra which includes motifs of bells and a spoken text anticipating the victory of the Belgian people. [23] He later even composed a work specifically for the carillon. [24] Following the war, countries in the Anglosphere built their own carillons to memorialise the lives lost and to promote world peace, [22] including two in England. [25]

The Carillon Society of Britain and Ireland (CSBI) counts carillons throughout the British Isles. [26] Dove's Guide for Church Bell Ringers , a publication that historically concerns itself with bell sets outfitted for full circle ringing, also counts carillons in the region. [27] According to the two sources, there are fifteen carillons: eight in England, one in the Republic of Ireland, one in Northern Ireland, and five in Scotland. There are no carillons in Guernsey, the Isle of Man, Jersey or Wales. [26]

The heaviest carillon is at the Kirk of St Nicholas in Aberdeen, Scotland, weighing 25,846 kilograms (56,981 lb); the lightest is at the Atkinsons Building in London, weighing 3,194 kilograms (7,041 lb). The carillon of St Colman's Cathedral in Cobh has the most bells 49. The region has several two- and three-octave carillons. The heaviest two-octave carillon in the world weighing 22,669 kg (49,976 lb) is located in Newcastle upon Tyne. [28] The carillons were primarily constructed in the interwar period by the English bellfounders Gillett & Johnston and John Taylor & Co. [26] Almost all of the carillons are transposing instruments, all of which transpose such that the lowest note on the keyboard is C. [26]

According to the World Carillon Federation  [ nl ], the carillons of the British Isles account for two percent of the world's total. [29]

France

Carillonneur Brian Swager plays the carillon at the Cathedral Saint-Jean-Baptiste (John the Baptist) in Perpignan, France. Carillonneur.jpg
Carillonneur Brian Swager plays the carillon at the Cathedral Saint-Jean-Baptiste (John the Baptist) in Perpignan, France.

Germany

According to the German Carillon Association, there are 49 carillons located throughout Germany. In 4 cities  Berlin, Bonn, Cologne, and Hamburg  there are at least two. Germany has two mobile carillons, "headquartered" in Passau and Rostock. The largest carillon by number of bells is located in Halle (Saale) and has 74. [59] The association, unlike Towerbells.org, [5] does not count carillons that have any component of its action electrified or that are not playable with a traditional baton keyboard. [60]

Netherlands

Hilversum town hall Hilversum - Raadhuis.jpg
Hilversum town hall
Martinikerk in Groningen 20100523 Grote Markt en Martinitoren Groningen NL.jpg
Martinikerk in Groningen
Zuiderkerk in Enkhuizen 00 1380 Zuiderkerk (Enkhuizen).jpg
Zuiderkerk in Enkhuizen

Nordic countries

According to the Nordic Society for Campanology and Carillons, there are 56 carillons in the Nordic countries: 29 in Denmark, [127] 1 in Finland, [128] 12 in Norway, [129] and 14 in Sweden. [130]

Denmark

Finland

Norway

Sweden

Other regions

Austria

Heiligenkreuz Abbey, which claims to be the only Cistercian institution that owns a carillon, acknowledges that the tradition of playing carillons is not popular in Austria. [138]

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Czech Republic

Lithuania

Luxembourg

Poland

Annual concerts since 1999 during the Gdańsk Carillon Festival. See also Traveling carillons below.

Portugal

Russia

Serbia

Spain

Carillon at Palau de la Generalitat, in Barcelona BIG 008015309040611.jpg
Carillon at Palau de la Generalitat, in Barcelona

Switzerland

Ukraine

Anthem of Ukraine. Carillon of St. Michael's Golden-Domed Monastery. Kyiv, Ukraine

North America

Bermuda

Canada

Soldiers' Tower, University of Toronto The Soldiers' Tower of University College, UofT (2001) (50944877213).jpg
Soldiers' Tower, University of Toronto

Cuba

Curaçao

El Salvador

Honduras

Mexico

Nicaragua

United States

Century Tower. Gainesville, Florida Dsg UF Century Tower (cropped).jpg
Century Tower. Gainesville, Florida

Selections of notable carillons in the United States:

Oceania

The carillon at the University of Sydney Quadrangle memorialises fallen soldiers of the First World War University of Sydney (2678686769).jpg
The carillon at the University of Sydney Quadrangle memorialises fallen soldiers of the First World War

Carillons are found in Australia and New Zealand as a result of the First World War. During the German occupation of Belgium, many of the country's carillons were silenced or destroyed. This news circulated among the Allied Powers, who saw it as "the brutal annihilation of a unique democratic music instrument". [207] [208] The destruction was romanticized in poetry and music, particularly in England. Poets often exaggerating reality wrote that the Belgian carillons were in mourning and awaited to ring out on the day of the country's liberation. Edward Elgar composed a work for orchestra which includes motifs of bells and a spoken text anticipating the victory of the Belgian people. [209] He later even composed a work specifically for the carillon. [210] Following the war, countries in the Anglosphere built their own carillons to memorialise the lives lost and to promote world peace, [208] including two in Australia and one in New Zealand. [211] [212]

The World Carillon Federation  [ nl ] and the Carillon Society of Australia counts carillons throughout Australia and New Zealand. According to the two sources, there are four carillons: three in Australia and one in New Zealand. [213] [214] The largest and heaviest carillon is the National War Memorial Carillon in Wellington, New Zealand, weighing 70,620 kilograms (155,690 lb). [215] The carillons were primarily constructed in the interwar period by the English bellfounders John Taylor & Co, Gillett & Johnston, and Whitechapel. Almost all of the carillons are transposing instruments. [213] [214]

According to the World Carillon Federation, the carillons in Australia and New Zealand account for less than one per cent of the world's total. [213]

South America

Brazil

Suriname

The Vaillantsplein Square Carillon [nl], Paramaribo, Suriname Paramaribo - Vaillantsplein 20160930 carillon.jpg
The Vaillantsplein Square Carillon  [ nl ], Paramaribo, Suriname

Uruguay

Venezuela

Traveling carillons

Traveling or mobile carillons are those which are not housed in a tower. Instead, the bells and keyboard are installed on a frame that allow it to be transported. These carillons are often constructed by bellfounders for advertising purposes, though several exist solely to perform across the world. According to a count by the World Carillon Federation, there are 18 existing mobile carillons headquartered in 11 countries. [222]

See also

Notes

  1. This carillon or its keyboard might not be in fully working order.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Carillon</span> Musical instrument of bells

A carillon ( KARR-ə-lon, kə-RIL-yən) is a pitched percussion instrument that is played with a keyboard and consists of at least 23 bells. The bells are cast in bronze, hung in fixed suspension, and tuned in chromatic order so that they can be sounded harmoniously together. They are struck with clappers connected to a keyboard of wooden batons played with the hands and pedals played with the feet. Often housed in bell towers, carillons are usually owned by churches, universities, or municipalities. They can include an automatic system through which the time is announced and simple tunes are played throughout the day.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Netherlands Carillon</span> Bell instrument in Arlington, Virginia, US

The Netherlands Carillon is a 127-foot (39-m) tall campanile housing a 53-bell carillon located in Arlington County, Virginia. The instrument and tower were given in the 1950s "From the People of the Netherlands to the People of the United States of America" to thank the United States for its contributions to the liberation of the Netherlands in 1945 and for its economic aid in the years after. The Netherlands Carillon is a historic property listed on the National Register of Historic Places as part of Arlington Ridge Park, which is part of the George Washington Memorial Parkway. It is owned and operated by the National Park Service.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bell</span> Percussion instrument

A bell is a directly struck idiophone percussion instrument. Most bells have the shape of a hollow cup that when struck vibrates in a single strong strike tone, with its sides forming an efficient resonator. The strike may be made by an internal "clapper" or "uvula", an external hammer, or—in small bells—by a small loose sphere enclosed within the body of the bell.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">World Peace Bell (Newport, Kentucky)</span>

The World Peace Bell is an international, commemorative bell that ceremonially opened the twenty-first century at 1 January 2000 with its first swing. It is a secular bell not associated with any single group, but all mankind collectively. As such, its founding was a collaborative, international civic operation.

Royal Eijsbouts is a bell foundry located in Asten, Netherlands.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Meneely bell foundries</span>

The Meneely Bell Foundry was a bell foundry established in 1826 in West Troy, New York, by Andrew Meneely. Two of Andrew's sons continued to operate the foundry after his death, while a third son, Clinton H. Meneely, opened a second foundry across the river with George H. Kimberly in Troy, New York in 1870. Initially named the Meneely Bell Company of Troy, this second foundry was reorganized in 1880 as the Clinton H. Meneely Company, then again as the Meneely Bell Company. Together, the two foundries produced about 65,000 bells before they closed in 1952.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Munttoren</span>

The Munttoren or Munt is a tower in Amsterdam, Netherlands. It stands on the busy Muntplein square, where the Amstel river and the Singel canal meet, near the flower market and the eastern end of the Kalverstraat shopping street.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pieter and François Hemony</span> 17th-century European bellfounders

Pieter Hemony and his brother François Hemony were the greatest bellfounders in the history of the Low Countries. They developed the carillon, in collaboration with Jacob van Eyck, into a full-fledged musical instrument by casting the first tuned carillon in 1644.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Petit & Fritsen</span> Defunct bell foundry in Aarle-Rixtel, Netherlands

Royal Bellfounders Petit & Fritsen, located in Aarle-Rixtel, the Netherlands, is a former foundry, one of the oldest family-owned businesses in the Netherlands, with the foundry dating back to 1660.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Carillon in Berlin-Tiergarten</span> Bell instrument in Berlin, Germany

The Carillon in Berlin-Tiergarten is located in a freestanding 42-metre-tall (138 ft) bell tower next to the House of World Cultures, near the Chancellery in the northeastern part of Berlin's central Tiergarten park. It contains a large, manually played concert carillon, comprising 68 bells weighing a total of 48 tonnes (106,000 lb) connected to a keyboard spanning 5 and a half fully chromatic octaves; the largest bell weighs 7.8 tonnes (17,000 lb). The carillonneur sits in a playing cabin in the middle of the bells and plays with his fists and feet on a baton-and-pedal keyboard. The purely mechanical action makes it possible to play all dynamic gradations, from very soft to very loud.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Century Tower (University of Florida)</span> Bell tower in Florida, United States

The Century Tower is a 157-foot-tall (48 m) bell tower containing a carillon in the center of the University of Florida campus in Gainesville, Florida, United States.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cook Carillon Tower</span> Bell instrument in Allendale, Michigan, US

The Cook Carillon Tower is a 10-story-tall carillon-clock tower located in the center of the Grand Valley State University-Allendale campus in Allendale, Michigan. The tower and carillon were built in 1994 with help from generous donations by Peter C. and Pat Cook for which it is named. The tower is considered to be a major icon of both the university and its campus and creates a notable central focal point on the Allendale campus.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Thomas Rees Memorial Carillon</span> Bell instrument in Springfield, Illinois, US

The Thomas Rees Memorial Carillon is a carillon located in Washington Park in Springfield, Illinois. The brutalist tower stands 132 feet and is constructed from concrete, brick and steel. It was dedicated in 1962 and designed by Bill Turley. Each year the carillon hosts the International Carillon Festival which features world-renowned carillonneurs.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nieuwe Toren, Kampen</span> Bell tower in Kampen, Netherlands

The Nieuwe Toren is located at the Oudestraat in the city of Kampen, in the Netherlands. This Carillon tower was built in the period between 1649-1664 partly according to a design by Philips Vingboons. The lower brick-built part was erected by the Edam mill maker Dirck Janzn. The design for the lantern was made by Philips Vingboons, which may have originally been intended for the Town hall now the Royal Palace of Amsterdam. The construction work went through many setbacks, the work even came to a standstill during the period 1655-1660. It was declared a Dutch National Monument (Rijksmonument) in 1972.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Waag (Alkmaar)</span> Listed building in Netherlands, site of annual cheese market

The Waag building is a National monument (Rijksmonument) listed building on the Waagplein in Alkmaar in the Netherlands. On this square Waagplein every Friday from April till the second week of September, the famous cheese market is held. The Dutch Cheese Museum and the tourist information Office (VVV) are also in the building. In the tower is a famous carillon weekly played by a carillonneur and also automatically by a drum chiming the quarters of the hour. There is also the famous automatic horse with knights play in the tower with an automatic trumpetplayer.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Drommedaris</span>

The 'Drommedaris' is the southern gateway of the city Enkhuizen. It is the best known building in Enkhuizen.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">St Bartholomew's Church, Erfurt</span> Church in Thuringia, Germany

St Bartholomew's Church in the historical city centre of Erfurt in Thuringia, Germany, was a Gothic church building at the western Anger square. Today, only its tower, the Bartholomäusturm, remains; since 1979, it has been housing a carillon.

Campanology is the scientific and musical study of bells. It encompasses the technology of bells – how they are cast, tuned, and rung – as well as the history, methods, and traditions of bellringing as an art. Articles related to campanology include:

References

  1. "Organization". World Carillon Federation. Archived from the original on 9 March 2021. Retrieved 14 June 2021. The definition of a carillon is fixed as follows: 'A carillon is a musical instrument composed of tuned bronze bells which are played from a baton keyboard'. Only those carillons having at least 23 bells will be taken into consideration.
  2. "Articles of Incorporation". The Guild of Carillonneurs in North America. Retrieved 3 August 2023. For the purpose of these Articles, a carillon is a musical instrument consisting of at least two octaves of carillon bells arranged in a chromatic series and played from a keyboard permitting control of expression through variation of touch. A carillon bell is a cast bronze cup- shaped bell whose partial tones are in such harmonious relationship to each other as to permit many such bells to be sounded together in varied chords with harmonious and concordant effect.
  3. "Was ist ein Carillon?" [What Is a Carillon?]. Deutsche Glockenspielvereinigung [German Carillon Association]. Retrieved 28 July 2022. Ein Carillon (im deutschen Sprachgebrauch manchmal auch als Turmglockenspiel oder Konzertglockenspiel bezeichnet), hat gegenüber einem Kirchengeläut mindestens 23 Bronzeglocken (zwei Oktaven in chromatischer Reihenfolge), die mit einer Handspieleinrichtung verbunden sind. Diese Handspieleinrichtung, auch Stockspieltisch genannt, ist mit dem Spieltisch einer Orgel vergleichbar, jedoch in anderen Dimensionen. Die Tasten für die Hände sind als gerundete Holzstäbe gefertigt und werden auch Stocktasten genannt. [A carillon (sometimes also referred to as a tower glockenspiel or concert glockenspiel in German) has at least 23 bronze bells (two octaves in chromatic order) compared to a church bell, which are connected to a hand-held device. This hand-held device, also known as a stick console, is comparable to the console of an organ, but in different dimensions. The keys for the hands are made as rounded wooden sticks and are also called stick keys.]
  4. "Componeren" [Composing]. Vlaamse Beiaard Vereeniging [Flemish Carillon Association] (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 18 July 2022. Retrieved 18 July 2022. We spreken over een beiaard (of carillon) als er tenminste 23 (2 octaven) ten opzichte van elkaar gestemde bronzen klokken aanwezig zijn die handmatig worden bespeeld met behulp van een stokkenklavier waardoor expressiviteit mogelijk wordt. [We speak of a carillon if there are at least 23 (2 octaves) bronze bells tuned relative to each other that are played manually with the help of a baton keyboard, allowing expressiveness.]
  5. 1 2 "More About Carillons and Other Tower Bell Instruments". TowerBells.org. Archived from the original on 26 November 2020. Retrieved 4 February 2021.
  6. "RECLSNDN". TowerBells.org. Retrieved 10 August 2022.
  7. "Cape Town, Women's War Memorial (South Africa)". War Memorial and Peace Carillons. Archived from the original on 4 July 2022. Retrieved 4 July 2022.
  8. Ackerman, Adam (30 October 2019). "The YMCA Bell Tower Rings True in Jerusalem". The Jerusalem Post . Retrieved 19 July 2022.
  9. "IL-JRSYM". Towerbells.org. Archived from the original on 18 June 2021. Retrieved 4 July 2022.
  10. 1 2 Haazen, Jo (2019). "The Origin and Evolution of the Flemish Carillon Art in Japan" (PDF). The Bulletin. 68 (1). The Guild of Carillonneurs in North America: 34–38. OCLC   998832003. Archived from the original on 10 February 2021. Retrieved 3 July 2021.
  11. "Itami, The Bells of Flanders (Japan)". War Memorial and Peace Carillons. Archived from the original on 4 July 2022. Retrieved 4 July 2022.
  12. "MARIAN Events". www.facebook.com. Archived from the original on 4 July 2022. Retrieved 9 August 2015.
  13. "Simple Blessing of 23 Complete Carillon Bells". Manila Cathedral. Retrieved 16 March 2023.
  14. "NTG: Bagong Carillon Bell Tower ng Baclaran Church, binasbasan ni Cardinal Tagle". YouTube . Archived from the original on 21 December 2021.
  15. www.upcarillon.org by the University of the Philippines Alumni Association. Archived September 2, 2010, at the Wayback Machine Restored in 2007. The tower and its carillon had been in a bad state.
  16. "New Carillon in Taejon". World Carillon Federation. Retrieved 3 August 2022.
  17. "KRTJNHYC". TowerBells.org. Retrieved 3 August 2022.
  18. "Componeren" [Composing]. Vlaamse Beiaard Vereeniging[Flemish Carillon Association] (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 18 July 2022. Retrieved 18 July 2022. We spreken over een beiaard (of carillon) als er tenminste 23 (2 octaven) ten opzichte van elkaar gestemde bronzen klokken aanwezig zijn die handmatig worden bespeeld met behulp van een stokkenklavier waardoor expressiviteit mogelijk wordt. [We speak of a carillon if there are at least 23 (2 octaves) bronze bells tuned relative to each other that are played manually with the help of a baton keyboard, allowing expressiveness.]
  19. "Carillons". World Carillon Federation. Archived from the original on 11 January 2021. Retrieved 30 January 2021.
  20. Rombouts, Luc (2014). Singing Bronze: A History of Carillon Music. Translated by Communicationwise. Leuven University Press. p. 309. ISBN   978-90-5867-956-7. ... and the three 'great' carillon countries the Netherlands, the United States and Belgium are responsible for almost 70% of all carillons worldwide.
  21. Thorne, Stephen J. (21 November 2018). "The Seizing of Europe's Bells". Legion. OCLC   1120054332. Archived from the original on 26 January 2021. Retrieved 14 April 2021.
  22. 1 2 "Carillons and Peace". War Memorial and Peace Carillons. Retrieved 1 August 2022.
  23. Rombouts, Luc (2014). "The Broken Bells of Flanders". Singing Bronze: A History of Carillon Music. Translated by Communicationwise. Leuven University Press. pp. 195–200. ISBN   978-90-5867-956-7.
  24. Orr, Scott Allan (2022). "The Origins, Development, and Legacy of Elgar's Memorial Chimes (1923)" (PDF). Beiaard- en klokkencultuur in de Lage Landen [Carillon and Bell Culture in the Low Countries]. 1 (1 ed.). Amsterdam University Press: 81–101. doi:10.5117/BKL2022.1.004.ORR. S2CID   249082470.
  25. "World map of peace carillons". War Memorial and Peace Carillons. Archived from the original on 19 December 2020. Retrieved 4 February 2021.
  26. 1 2 3 4 "Carillons in Britain and Ireland". Carillon Society of Britain and Ireland. Retrieved 19 July 2022.
  27. "About Dove's Guide". Dove's Guide for Church Bell Ringers . Retrieved 26 July 2022.
  28. "Edith Adamson Carillon, Newcastle Civic Centre". Carillon Society of Britain and Ireland. Retrieved 3 July 2022.
  29. "Carillons". World Carillon Federation. Archived from the original on 11 January 2021. Retrieved 30 January 2021.
  30. "Arbois". Guilde des Carillonneurs de France[Guild of Carillonneurs of France] (in French). Archived from the original on 7 July 2022. Retrieved 6 July 2022.
  31. "Avranches". Guilde des Carillonneurs de France[Guild of Carillonneurs of France] (in French). Archived from the original on 7 July 2022. Retrieved 6 July 2022.
  32. "Bergues". Guilde des Carillonneurs de France[Guild of Carillonneurs of France] (in French). Archived from the original on 7 July 2022. Retrieved 6 July 2022.
  33. "Bourbourg". Guilde des Carillonneurs de France[Guild of Carillonneurs of France] (in French). Archived from the original on 7 July 2022. Retrieved 6 July 2022.
  34. "Cappelle-la-Grande". Guilde des Carillonneurs de France[Guild of Carillonneurs of France] (in French). Archived from the original on 7 July 2022. Retrieved 6 July 2022.
  35. "Castres". Guilde des Carillonneurs de France[Guild of Carillonneurs of France] (in French). Archived from the original on 7 July 2022. Retrieved 6 July 2022.
  36. "Châlons-en-Champagne". Guilde des Carillonneurs de France[Guild of Carillonneurs of France] (in French). 11 January 2021. Archived from the original on 7 July 2022. Retrieved 6 July 2022.
  37. "Châtellerault". Guilde des Carillonneurs de France[Guild of Carillonneurs of France] (in French). Archived from the original on 7 July 2022. Retrieved 6 July 2022.
  38. "Le Carillon à Douai" [The Carillon of Douai] (in French). Archived from the original on 29 September 2011. Retrieved 25 November 2006.
  39. "Douai". Guilde des Carillonneurs de France[Guild of Carillonneurs of France] (in French). Archived from the original on 7 July 2022. Retrieved 6 July 2022.
  40. "Dunkerque" [Dunkirk]. Guilde des Carillonneurs de France[Guild of Carillonneurs of France] (in French). Archived from the original on 7 July 2022. Retrieved 6 July 2022.
  41. "Gourdon en Quercy". Guilde des Carillonneurs de France[Guild of Carillonneurs of France] (in French). Archived from the original on 7 July 2022. Retrieved 6 July 2022.
  42. "Grézieu-la-Varenne". Guilde des Carillonneurs de France[Guild of Carillonneurs of France] (in French). Archived from the original on 7 July 2022. Retrieved 6 July 2022.
  43. 1 2 "Organization". World Carillon Federation. Archived from the original on 9 March 2021. Retrieved 14 June 2021. Only those carillons having at least 23 bells will be taken into consideration. Instruments built before 1940 and composed of between 15 and 22 bells may be designated as 'historical carillons'.
  44. "Hombleux". Guilde des Carillonneurs de France[Guild of Carillonneurs of France] (in French). Archived from the original on 7 July 2022. Retrieved 6 July 2022.
  45. "Hondschoote". Guilde des Carillonneurs de France[Guild of Carillonneurs of France] (in French). Archived from the original on 7 July 2022. Retrieved 6 July 2022.
  46. "City hall". City of Lyon. Archived from the original on 18 July 2011.
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  48. "Miribel". Guilde des Carillonneurs de France[Guild of Carillonneurs of France] (in French). Archived from the original on 7 July 2022. Retrieved 6 July 2022.
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