List of countries whose capital is not their largest city

The list of countries whose capital is not their largest city refers to the list of sovereign states whose capital is not their most populated city ^{[lower-alpha 1]} .

List

Country	Capital	Population	Largest city	Population	Ratio	Notes
Australia	Canberra	426,704	Sydney	5,312,163	12.6	A planned city, Canberra has been Australia's capital city since its foundation in 1913. However, the national parliament was based in Melbourne, Victoria until 1927.
Belgium	Brussels	188,737	Antwerp	536,079	2.84	Brussels is the largest metropolitan area in the country.
Belize	Belmopan	20,621	Belize City	61,762	3.07	Belize City was the capital until 1970.
Benin	Porto-Novo	264,320	Cotonou	761,100	3.4	Cotonou is the de facto capital with seat of government. Both cities are part of the same metropolitan area
Bolivia	Sucre	259,388	Santa Cruz de la Sierra [1]	1,453,549	7.1	La Paz is the de facto capital with seat of government, is the third largest city of Bolivia and is the center of the second metropolitan area.
Brazil	Brasília	3,500,000	São Paulo	12,252,023	4.25	Brasília is a planned city and has been the capital city since its inauguration in 1960. Rio de Janeiro was the capital from 1763 until 1960. Brasília is the third most populous city in Brazil, and the seventh largest metropolitan area.
Burundi	Gitega	41,944	Bujumbura	1,092,859	26.06	Bujumbura was the capital until 2019.
Cameroon	Yaoundé	1,430,000	Douala	2,000,000 +	1.4	Yaoundé is the second largest city of Cameroon.
Canada	Ottawa	1,017,449	Toronto	2,794,356	3.08	Toronto was the capital of the United Province of Canada from 1849 to 1852 and 1856–1858. For some years prior, Kingston was the de facto capital, but when it came time to form the United Province of Canada in 1841 this needed to be official. There was a lot of disagreement, but Queen Victoria made her ruling (supported by a vote with a majority of 3) that it should be Ottawa. [2] [ clarification needed ]
China	Beijing	22,000,000	Shanghai	30,484,300	1.39	Beijing is the third largest city proper of China, after Chongqing and Shanghai, although the population of Chongqing includes a significant number of rural residents and the urban area has around 18 million people. Shanghai has more urban population at 24 million.
Ecuador	Quito	1,763,275	Guayaquil	2,650,288	1.5
Equatorial Guinea	Malabo	187,302	Bata	250,770	1.34	The capital Malabo is the second largest city of Equatorial Guinea. It is to be replaced by the planned city of Oyala, currently under construction.
Gambia	Banjul	31,301	Serrekunda	337,000	2.18
India	New Delhi	249,998	Mumbai	20,000,000	80	In 1912, the capital was moved from Calcutta (now Kolkata) to New Delhi. The neighbouring city of Delhi already existed, and it had previously served as the capital of the Mughal Empire.
Israel	Jerusalem (limited recognition)	363,095 (excluding East Jerusalem)	Tel Aviv	460,613	1.2	Jerusalem would be Israel's largest city if East Jerusalem were to be included (increasing the population to 936,425), however the annexation of East Jerusalem into Israel is not internationally recognized. If East Jerusalem were to be excluded from Israel, Tel Aviv would be the largest city.
Ivory Coast	Yamoussoukro	200,659	Abidjan	4,348,000	21.7	Abidjan was the capital until 1983.
Kazakhstan	Astana	743,014	Almaty	1,450,095	1.95	Almaty was the capital from 1927 to 1997. Astana was named Nur-Sultan from 2019 until 2022. In September 2022, President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev announced that the city would revert to the former name Astana. On 17 September, he signed a law that amended the constitution to restore the name Astana.
Liechtenstein	Vaduz	5,109	Schaan	6,039	1.14	Vaduz is the second largest city of Liechtenstein. Both cities are part of the same metropolitan area.
Federated States of Micronesia	Palikir	5,000	Weno	13,000	1.4	Palikir is the second largest city of Micronesia.
Malta	Valletta	5,827	St. Paul's Bay	29,097	6.62	Valletta is part of the Central Region, a conurbation with a population of 111,994.
Morocco	Rabat	627,000	Casablanca	4,150,000	6.62	Rabat is the seventh largest city of Morocco.
Myanmar	Naypyidaw	925,000	Yangon	4,346,000	4.7	Yangon was the capital until 2006. Naypyidaw is de facto mainly rural county rather than contiguous urban area
New Zealand	Wellington	215,200	Auckland	1,478,800	6.87	Auckland was the capital 1841–1865, and Russell in 1840–41.
Nigeria	Abuja	778,567	Lagos	7,937,932	10.2	Lagos was the capital until 1991.
Pakistan [3] [4] [5]	Islamabad	1,014,825	Karachi	14,910,352	14.69	Karachi was the capital from 1947 to 1958. Islamabad is part of much larger Rawalpindi-Islamabad metropolitan area
Palau	Ngerulmud	0	Koror	11,200	-	Koror was the capital until 2006.
Philippines	Manila	1,780,148	Quezon City	2,936,116	1.67	Quezon City was the capital from 1948 until 1976. Manila is the second largest city of the Philippines. Both cities are in the Metropolitan Manila region with Quezon City bordering Manila on the northeast.
San Marino	San Marino	4,211	Serravalle	10,601	2.52
South Africa	Pretoria	2,345,908	Johannesburg	3,888,180	1.66	Cape Town (pop. 3.5 million) and Bloemfontein (pop. 370,000) serve as legislative and judicial capitals, respectively.
Sri Lanka	Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte	115,826	Colombo	642,163	5.54	Colombo was the official administrative capital until 1982, when it became the commercial capital.
Switzerland	Bern	138,041	Zürich	397,698	2.88	Switzerland does not have a de jure capital, but Bern has been designated as "federal city" with the seat of the two parliament chambers in 1848, when for the first time the independent Swiss states established standing federal authorities. Today, important federal authorities are also located in Lausanne (most notably: the Federal Supreme Court), Zürich, Lucerne, Bellinzona and St. Gallen. Until 1798, the council of the Swiss states met in various places - most frequently in Lucerne, Zürich, Baden and Frauenfeld. Between 1798 and 1803 there were three subsequent cities of government: Aarau, Luzern and Bern. Between 1815 and 1848 the meeting place of the council changed every two years between Zürich, Bern and Lucerne.
Taiwan	Taipei	2,668,572	New Taipei	4,004,367	1.5	[6]
Tanzania	Dodoma	324,347	Dar es Salaam	2,497,940	7.70	Dar es Salaam was the capital until 1974.
Trinidad and Tobago	Port of Spain	49,000	Chaguanas	67,400	1.37	Both cities are part of the same metropolitan area
Turkey	Ankara	5,150,072	Istanbul	14,377,018	3.4	Istanbul (as Constantinople) was the capital of the Ottoman Empire from 1453 to 1922.
United Arab Emirates	Abu Dhabi	896,751	Dubai	2,262,000	2.52	Abu Dhabi is the second largest city of United Arab Emirates.
United States	Washington, D.C.	705,749	New York City	8,398,748	12.72	New York was the capital 1785–1790 and the largest city in 1790 (narrowly edging out the next capital, Philadelphia, which served as capital from 1790 to 1800). Philadelphia was the nation's second-largest city when it was the capital. Washington is the 20th-largest city in the United States, but the Washington metropolitan area is the sixth-largest (estimated 6,216,589 in 2017).
Vietnam	Hanoi	8,053,663	Ho Chi Minh City	8,993,082	1.1	Ho Chi Minh City, formerly Saigon, was the capital of South Vietnam prior to reunification.

See also

• List of national capitals by population

Notes

1. the population data is based on city proper instead of metropolitan area

References

1. "Decreto Supremo Nº1672" (PDF). doctoraedilicia.com. Retrieved 2013-05-31.
2. "Remember This? Queen Victoria chooses Ottawa".
3. "Ten major cities' population up by 74pc" . Retrieved 2017-09-06.
4. "Daily Mashriq" (in Urdu). Retrieved 2017-09-06.
5. "District Wise Census Results Census 2017" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-08-29.
6. Dept. of Household Registration, Ministry of the Interior Republic of China(Taiwan) (2018-05-01). "Dept. of Household Registration, Ministry of the Interior. Republic of China(Taiwan)". Dept. of Household Registration, Ministry of the Interior. Republic of China(Taiwan). Retrieved 2023-10-22.