M85 machine gun

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Machine Gun, Cal .50, Fixed, M85
Machine Gun, Caliber. 50. Fixed M85 12 June 1963.jpg
M85 machine gun
Type Heavy machine gun
Place of originUnited States
Service history
Used byU.S./NATO-aligned countries
Wars Gulf War/Operation Desert Storm
Production history
Manufacturer General Electric
Variants See Variants
Specifications
Mass65  lb (29.5  kg)
Length54.5  in (1,384.3  mm)

Cartridge 12.7×99mm NATO (.50 BMG)
Action Recoil-operated
Rate of fire 400-625 rd/min
Muzzle velocity 2,887  ft/s (880.0  m/s)
Effective firing range2,187  yd (1,999.8  m)
Maximum firing range7,330 yd (6,702.6 m)
Feed system Belt Feed, left or right hand

The M85 is a heavy machine gun firing .50 BMG ammunition that was used primarily for turreted applications in armored fighting vehicles. It was intended to replace the venerable M2 machine gun with a smaller and much lighter weapon, suitable for use inside fighting vehicles, as opposed to only on external mounts. It was used on the M60 [1] series of tanks and the LVTP-7 amphibious landing vehicle.

Contents

Design and development

Intended as a smaller, lighter, more capable replacement for the venerable M2 Browning machine gun, the M85 was produced by General Electric. The weapon was developed with selectable high and low rates of fire for engagement of both ground and air targets, a feature lacking in the older M2.

The M85 was the standard heavy tank machine gun for the M60 series, and was also used on the LVTP-7 amphibious vehicle. It is an air-cooled, recoil operated machine gun, has a short receiver and quick change barrel, and can be configured for left or right hand feeding. The M85 is significantly lighter than the M2 by 20 lb (9.1 kg) and significantly smaller, a prime consideration for its intended role inside the cramped interiors of armored vehicles. Firing and charging are achieved by pull on one of two color-coded pull chains (black for charging and red for firing), or firing could be initiated by means of a switch activated solenoid on the M-19 cupola elevation mechanism.

The M85 used the M15 push-through link to feed ammunition as opposed to the M2 or M9 pull-out links used on the M2 and M3 Browning machine guns. The M85 had a slow (400 rpm) & high (900 rpm) rate of fire. The link difference created issues with ammunition supply, since despite the same .50 BMG cartridges being used in both machine guns, the ammunition was supplied already packed on links. Re-linking was not practical in the field.

In service the M85 was found to be unreliable due to the metallic link catching in the feed system, compared to the stock M2 machine gun. The weapon was tested on the XM-1 Abrams, but not fitted to the production M1 Abrams, and was replaced by the M2 machine gun on the improved AAVP-7. An attempt was also made to make a version of the M85 that would replace the M2 in the infantry role was designated the M85C, and features standard spade grips and can be fitted to the M3 heavy tripod. The M85C was unpopular and this weapon was not adopted.

The M85 was also tested by the United Kingdom under the designations XL17E1 and XL17E2. They were equipped with special-purpose barrels and evaluated as ranging machine guns. [2] The weapon was not adopted.

Variants

M85

M85C

See also

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References

Notes
  1. Hunnicutt, p. 6, 408
  2. Ezell, 1988. p. 391
Bibliography