The Malaysian United Indigenous Party (Malay: Parti Pribumi Bersatu Malaysia), abbreviated BERSATU or PPBM, is a nationalist political party in Malaysia.[1] The party was preceded by the United Indigenous Association of Malaysia (Persatuan Pribumi Bersatu Malaysia). It is a major component party within the Perikatan Nasional coalition. BERSATU was approved and registered on 14 January 2017 by the Registrar of Societies (ROS) and the use of the BERSATU logo was authorized by the Malaysian Election Commission (SPR). The party held the Prime Ministerial position as well as the majority of positions in the cabinet from May 2020 to August 2021.[8] The party's founding members came from the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) and Barisan Nasional rebel group Gabungan Ketua Cawangan Malaysia in 2016.
Full membership in the party is limited to only Bumiputeras (indigenous communities of Malaysia). Non-Bumiputeras can join the party as associate members, although they are not eligible to vote and run in party elections.[9] However, qualified individuals can be appointed to certain key party posts.
On 10 August 2016, former UMNO Deputy President Muhyiddin Yassin submitted a registration application for BERSATU. The party's leadership consisted of Muhyiddin as president, Mukhriz Mahathir as vice-president, and Mahathir Mohamad as chairman. BERSATU's formation was undertaken by former members of UMNO in opposition to the then-prime minister Najib Razak.[10]
On 12 November 2016, the party committed to joining the opposition coalition Pakatan Harapan, which then consisted of the Parti Keadilan Rakyat, the Democratic Action Party, and the Parti Amanah Negara. The coalition awaited a decision from the Malaysian Islamic Party, a member of the opposition.[11][12] Later, on 13 December, the party formally joined Pakatan Harapan by signing the Cooperation and Common Framework Agreement.[13]
2018 general election
On 7 January 2018, Pakatan Harapan announced BERSATU chairman Mahathir Mohamad as the coalition's prime ministerial candidate.[14]
On 10 May 2018, one day after the election, Mahathir claimed victory, ending Barisan Nasional and UMNO's rule over the country. The parties had ruled the country since its independence, during which times Mahathir had participated as prime minister from 1981 to 2003.[15] Mahathir was sworn in as Malaysia's fourth Prime Minister for the second time at 93 years of age, making him the world's oldest head of government.[16]
On 18 September 2018, UMNO veteran Mustapa Mohamed left the party, citing disagreements with UMNO's party direction, and later joined BERSATU on 27 October. This foreshadowed an exodus of UMNO members, which began with Sabah UMNO on 12 December, as nine of its ten state assemblymen, five of its six MPs, and two senators left to join BERSATU.[17] On 14 December 2018, six UMNO MPs left the party, including former minister Hamzah Zainudin, who claimed that an additional 36 Barisan Nasional MPs had signed a pledge of allegiance to Prime Minister Mahathir.[18][19] The six MPs remained independents before officially joining BERSATU on 12 February 2019.[20]
Collapse of the Pakatan Harapan government
On 24 February 2020, Mahathir resigned as the Prime Minister. BERSATU, which had 26 MPs, withdrew from the ruling Pakatan Harapan coalition. In addition, 11 MPs from Parti Keadilan Rakyat (PKR) resigned from the party to form an independent bloc. This left the Pakatan Harapan government without a majority in parliament. The surprise announcement came amid speculation that Mahathir was attempting to form a new ruling coalition that would exclude his designated successor, Anwar Ibrahim.[21][22][23] However, Anwar later clarified to reporters that Mahathir did not orchestrate the act.[24] At 9 pm, BERSATU leaders held an emergency meeting at its headquarters to discuss the future direction of the party.[25] Members of Bersatu rejected Mahathir's resignation as the party's chairman and pledged their support for him to be the prime minister. The party's secretary-general Marzuki Yahya said that the members of BERSATU's supreme council were unanimous in their support for Mahathir.[26] The member parties of Pakatan Harapan also announced their support for Mahathir to remain as prime minister in the aftermath of his resignation.
On 26 February, Azmin and the 10 other MPs who left PKR announced that they were joining BERSATU amid rumours that Pakatan Harapan MPs would abandon support for Mahathir. The 10 other MPs are Zuraida Kamaruddin, Saifuddin Abdullah, Baru Bian, Kamarudin Jaffar, Mansor Othman, Rashid Hasnon, Ali Biju, Willie Mongin and Jonathan Yasin.[27]
On 28 February, BERSATU then released a statement announcing their support for the party's president, Muhyiddin Yassin for the position of prime minister, backed by the 26 Bersatu MPs and 10 others led by Azmin.[28] However, BERSATU Supreme Council member Kadir Jasin claimed he was never invited for a discussion or informed about Muhyiddin's nomination.[29] This was followed by 60 MPs from UMNO, PAS, Malaysian Chinese Association and Malaysian Indian Congress also announcing their support for Muhyiddin,[30] with all of UMNO's and PAS' MPs signing statutory declarations supporting Muhyiddin.[31] Muhyiddin Yassin's aide also confirmed that Azmin Ali and 10 other former PKR MPs have officially joined BERSATU the same day.[32]
On 29 February, BERSATU Youth chief Syed Saddiq declared that he would never work with those involved in corruption to form a government, referring to UMNO. BERSATU's youth wing Armada posted a statement to say that it would continue to back the party's supreme council's decision in its meeting on 24 February to support Mahathir as prime minister, suggesting a split within Bersatu over Mahathir and Muhyiddin's candidacy.[33]
Muhyiddin Yassin was sworn in as the eighth prime minister in front of the Agong at the Istana Negara on the morning of 1 March 2020.[38]
On the morning of 2 March, Muhyiddin arrived at the Perdana Putra building, which functions as the Prime Minister's Office, to begin his official duties as the Prime Minister. Muhyiddin held meetings with Chief Secretary Mohd Zuki Ali, General Affendi Buang, the Chief of Defence Forces, and Abdul Hamid Bador, the Inspector-General of Police.[39] Later that night, Muhyiddin addressed the nation in his first televised message as the prime minister. In his address, he told the nation that he had no prior intention to become the prime minister and denied being a traitor but due to the political turmoil in the country, he had stepped up in order to avoid prolonging the crisis further. He also reassured that he will only choose individuals who are clean, virtuous and of high calibre to be in his cabinet. Before ending his message, he thanked former prime minister Mahathir for his service to the country.[40]
On 19 May, it was revealed that BERSATU had received a letter on 5 May from the Registrar of Societies stating that Mahathir was no longer party chairman after his resignation in February. The letter also confirmed the legality of Muhyiddin assuming the role of chairman until an election was held.[41]
On 28 May, Mahathir Mohamad, Mukhriz Mahathir, Syed Saddiq, Maszlee Malik and Amiruddin Hamzah were expelled from Bersatu.[42] They decried the move as illegal and reflective of Muhyiddin's insecurities and dictatorial leadership. In a joint statement, they disputed the interpretation of their decision not to join Muhyiddin's government benches in Parliament as joining another party, which results in automatic revocation of memberships, according to the party constitution.[43] Muhyiddin defended the expulsion and insisted that the five members who were removed from the party as having breached the party constitution by sitting with the opposition in Parliament.[44]
On 4 June, Deputy Works Minister Shahruddin Md Salleh of BERSATU resigned from his position, calling his decision to join the Perikatan Nasional government "incorrect" and adding that he should have considered his constituents who "voted for Pakatan Harapan" in 2018.[45] On 19 July, his BERSATU membership was terminated after he submitted a notice changing the position of his seat in the Dewan Rakyat from the government bloc to the opposition bloc.[46]
Fall of Perikatan Nasional and formation of BN-led government
On 16 August 2021, Muhyiddin Yassin and his cabinet tendered their resignation to the Agong due to the loss of majority in the Dewan Rakyat, causing the party to lose the PM post that the party has held since the 2018 general election.[48] On 20 August 2021, Bersatu and the other parties in the PN coalition choose to support Ismail Sabri Yaakob of UMNO as the Prime Minister of Malaysia, thus giving him a simple majority in the Dewan Rakyat and was chosen as Prime Minister.[49]
On 29 Jul 2021, a few Bersatu members from the women wing have been caught red-handed as they breach the SOP violation by dancing at a hotel near Glenmerie while the citizens of Malaysia are forced to stay at homes. Some members are caught not wearing face masks and practising social distancing. This has been investigated by the police and the police said they will take further action. Rina Harun said that she is in no way involved in this situation.[57][58]
On 29 Jun 2021, Mohd Rashid Hasnon and a group of suspected majority from bersatu politicians are caught red-handed in a video showing them breaching violation of COVID-19 prevention SOP procedures violation for having a durian fest in Johor Baharu, Johor. Rashid initially denied stating that it was taken place last year and before the SOP was imposed. However, netizens and police have found reasonable evidence that Rashid was indeed lying. Rashid eventually gave in that he did violate SOP procedures and apologies to the media. He said that he will cooperate with the police for the investigation and face the consequences. Zuraida Kamaruddin was also seen in the photo as well, but she denies attending a durian feast.[59]
Suspicious fraudulent majority support
On 4 August 2021, Putrajaya, Muhyiddin Yassin submitted a motion of confidence to the Yang di Pertuan Agong of Malaysia stating that he had received numerous declarations which provided that he still had the majority support within the lower house of parliament Dewan Rakyat. Therefore, the action of resignation under Federal Constitution of Malaysia under section 43(4) is not valid nor legal.[60][61] He stated that the motion of no confidence will take place in September if the parliament has doubts of his ruling. However, this statement has been rejected by opposition leader Anwar Ibrahim, who claims that 112 or more MPs have rejected Perikatan Nasional. Therefore, Anwar Ibrahim's statement concludes that Muyhiddin claims is not valid and potentially fraudulent.[62]
Following Anwar Ibrahim's statement, On 6 August 2021, Muhyiddin had stated during a press conference in Pagoh, Johor that he is still confident that he still hold majority support within the Parliament.[63]
Refusal of resignation as Prime Minister of Malaysia
Following Perikatan Nasional loss of Majority support, Muhyiddin Yassin had conducted a press statement on 13 August 2021 which states he will not be resigning despite he has lost the majority support. He also said that he will be waiting on the upcoming vote of confidence which will be taken place in September because he does not believe that there is a political party or coalition that holds a majority currently, and he may fear for a catastrophic disaster if new government to be form to control the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia is late like vaccination process. He urges the opposition to stand on his side. He said "If the government (Perikatan Nasional Government) gets bipartisan support (support from any opposition) in Dewan Rakyat and Dewan Negara which is more than 2/3 majority, an amendment will be made to the Constitution (Federal Constitution of Malaysia) to introduce a two term limit to the Prime Minister's post and Anti Hopping Laws will be also tabled in the parliament".[64]
Islam will remain the religion of the Federation, and the right of non-Muslims to profess and practice their religion in peace and harmony will be respected.
Upholding the dignity and sovereignty of the institution of the Malay Rulers.
Maintain the special position of the Malays and natives of Sabah and Sarawak and the legitimate rights of all communities.
Empowering Malay as the national language and to preserve the rights of all people to learn their native language.
Uphold parliamentary democracy and the doctrine of separation of powers by strengthening democratic institutions through comprehensive institutional reform.
Strengthening the agenda against corruption and abuse of power to establish good governance practices, honesty and integrity;
Maintaining people's fundamental rights as enshrined in the Federal Constitution, upholding the values of universal justice in line with the Islamic religion, and uphold the supremacy of the constitution, rule of laws and principles of justice and equality.
Forming a Malaysian society that is inclusive, progressive, dynamic and scientific and appreciate art, culture and tradition as a reference to build a prosperous and developed country.
Fighting for social justice, distribution of national wealth, welfare of the people and eradicating poverty irrespective of race and religion.
Supporting the principle that every citizen has the right to succeed in obtaining a quality education and to perfect themselves through an education system that emphasises the development of talent, creativity and innovation, and that practices values and implements policies and initiatives that are consistent with bridging the gap between urban and rural areas.
Fostering unity and harmony among the people of various races and religions, maintaining political stability and national security, and spur sustainable economic development in the interest of the people and the country.
Applying the party's principles as National Principles and supporting the Federal Constitution and the State Constitutions.
The People's Justice Party ; often known simply as KEADILAN or PKR, is a reformist political party in Malaysia formed on 3 August 2003 through a merger of the party's predecessor, the National Justice Party, with the socialist Malaysian People's Party. The party's predecessor was founded by Wan Azizah Wan Ismail during the height of the Reformasi movement on 4 April 1999 after the arrest of her husband, former Deputy Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim. The party is one of main partners of the Pakatan Harapan (PH) coalition.
Tan Sri Dato' Haji Mahiaddin bin Md. Yasin, commonly known as Muhyiddin bin Mohd. Yassin, is a Malaysian politician who served as the eighth Prime Minister of Malaysia from 2020 to 2021. Appointed as prime minister amid a political crisis, Muhyiddin served for 17 months and resigned after losing parliamentary support.
Mohamed Azmin bin Ali is a Malaysian politician who is the current State Leader of the Opposition of Selangor and member of the Selangor State Legislative Assembly for Hulu Kelang since August 2023. Formerly a member of the Malaysian Parliament for Gombak from 2008 to 2022, Azmin served in the cabinets of Muhyiddin Yassin and Ismail Sabri Yaakob as Senior Minister of the Economic Cluster and Minister of International Trade and Industry from 2020 to 2022. A member of Parti Pribumi Bersatu Malaysia (BERSATU), which is a component party of Perikatan Nasional coalition, Azmin also served as a member of the Selangor State Legislative Assembly for Bukit Antarabangsa from 2008 to 2023.
Ronald Kiandee is a Malaysian politician. A member of the Malaysian United Indigenous Party (BERSATU) and its Vice President since August 2020 and 2nd State Chairman of Sabah since December 2022, he has served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Beluran since November 1999. He served as Minister of Agriculture and Food Industries in the Perikatan Nasional (PN) administration under former Prime Minister Muhyiddin Yassin from March 2020 to the collapse of the PN administration in August 2021. He was reappointed to the same post for a second term in the Barisan Nasional (BN) administration under former Prime Minister Ismail Sabri Yaakob from August 2021 until the dissolution of the BN government in November 2022, when BN lost its reelection campaign in the 2022 general election. Prior to serving in the Cabinet, Kiandee was the Chairman of the Public Accounts Committee (PAC) in the Pakatan Harapan (PH) administration from 2018 to 2019 and Deputy Speaker of the Dewan Rakyat in the BN administration from 2008 to 2018. He is presently the sole MP of the Malaysian United Indigenous Party of Sabah and one of the only two Christian MPs of PN alongside Ali Biju.
The Alliance of Hope is a Malaysian political coalition consisting of centre-left political parties which was formed in 2015 to succeed the Pakatan Rakyat coalition. It has been part of a "Unity Government" since November 2022 together with other political coalitions and parties as a result of the 2022 Malaysian general election, and previously for 22 months after it had won the 2018 Malaysian general election until February 2020 when it lost power as a result of the 2020 Malaysian political crisis at the federal level. The coalition deposed the Barisan Nasional coalition government during the 2018 election, ending its 60-year-long reign since independence.
This is a list of the members of the Dewan Rakyat of the 14th Parliament of Malaysia.
The following is the list of members of the Dewan Negara (Senate) of the 14th Malaysian Parliament as of May 2021. 26 out of 70 senators, i.e. two senators for each state, are elected by their respective State Legislative Assembly for three-year term. The other 44, including four senators representing Federal Territories, are appointed by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong also for three-year term.
Rina binti Mohd Harun is a Malaysian politician who served as Minister of Women, Family and Community Development for the second term in the Barisan Nasional (BN) administration under former Prime Minister Ismail Sabri Yaakob from August 2021 to the collapse of the BN administration in November 2022 and the first term in the Perikatan Nasional (PN) administration under former Prime Minister Muhyiddin Yassin from March 2020 to August 2021, Minister of Rural Development in the Pakatan Harapan (PH) administration under former Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad from May 2018 to the collapse of the PH administration in February 2020. She also served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Titiwangsa from May 2018 to November 2022. She has also served as 1st Women Chief of the Malaysian United Indigenous Party (BERSATU), a component party of the PN coalition, since April 2017. Prior to joining BERSATU at its inception in 2016, she was a United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) member.
Datuk Shahruddin bin Md Salleh is a Malaysian politician who served as the Deputy Minister of Works in the Perikatan Nasional (PN) administration under Prime Minister Muhyiddin Yassin and Minister Fadillah Yusof from March 2020 to his resignation in June 2020, Deputy Minister of Federal Territories in the Pakatan Harapan (PH) administration under former Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad and former Minister Khalid Abdul Samad from July 2018 to the collapse of the PH administration in February 2020, Chairman of the Malaysian Institute of Translation and Books (IBTM) from February 2010 to his removal from the position in October 2016, Member of Parliament (MP) for Sri Gading from May 2018 to November 2022 and the Member of the Johor State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Jorak from March 2008 to May 2018. He was also political secretary to Muhyiddin. He is a member and was a State Chairman of Johor of the Homeland Fighters Party (PEJUANG) before October 2022 and was a member and 1st Secretary-General of the Malaysian United Indigenous Party (BERSATU), a component party of the ruling PN coalition and former component party of the PH opposition coalition and member of the United Malay National Organisation (UMNO), a component party of the Barisan Nasional (BN) coalition.
General elections were held in Malaysia on Saturday, 19 November 2022. The prospect of snap elections had been considered high due to the political crisis that had been ongoing since 2020; political instability caused by coalition or party switching among members of Parliament, combined with the fallout of the COVID-19 pandemic, contributed to the resignation of two prime ministers and the collapse of each of their respective coalition governments since the 2018 general elections.
Noor Azmi bin Ghazali is a Malaysian politician and physician who served as Deputy Minister of Health I for the second term in the Barisan Nasional (BN) administration under former Prime Minister Ismail Sabri Yaakob and former Minister Khairy Jamaluddin from August 2021 to the collapse of the BN administration in November 2022 and the first term in the Perikatan Nasional (PN) administration under former Prime Minister Muhyiddin Yassin and former Minister Adham Baba from March 2020 to the collapse of the BN administration in August 2021, Chairman of the Malaysian Highway Authority (LLM) from October 2016 to October 2018 as well as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Bagan Serai from May 2018 to November 2022. He is a member of the Malaysian United Indigenous Party (BERSATU), a component party of the PN coalition and was a member of the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), a component party of the BN coalition. After the defeat of BN to Pakatan Harapan (PH) in the 2018 general election, he resigned from UMNO in 2018 and joined BERSATU in 2019.
Events in the year 2020 in Malaysia.
The 2020–2022 Malaysian political crisis was triggered after several Members of Parliament (MPs) of the 14th Malaysian Parliament changed party support, leading to the loss of a parliamentary majority, the collapse of two successive coalition governments, and the resignation of two Prime Ministers. The political crisis culminated in a 2022 snap general election and eventual formation of a coalition government.
The Muhyiddin cabinet was formed on 10 March 2020, nine days after Muhyiddin Yassin was appointed as the 8th Prime Minister of Malaysia and dissolved 17 months and 6 days later on 16 August 2021, the day when Muhyiddin submitted his resignations as PM and of this cabinet. It was the 21st cabinet of Malaysia formed since independence. This cabinet was also known as the Perikatan Nasional Cabinet (PN-Cabinet) which combined 15 political parties from the Perikatan Nasional (PN) component parties, with Barisan Nasional (BN) component parties, Gabungan Parti Sarawak (GPS) component parties and United Sabah Party (PBS) as allied partners providing confidence and supply.
The National Alliance is a political coalition composed of the Malaysian United Indigenous Party, Malaysian Islamic Party, Malaysian People's Movement Party, Sabah Progressive Party and Malaysian Indian People's Party This coalition was preceded by the Malaysian Party Alliance Association, also known as the Persatuan Perikatan Parti Malaysia (PPPM). It is the second largest political coalition in Dewan Rakyat with 74 seats after Pakatan Harapan (PH) with 81 seats.
The Homeland Fighter's Party is a Malay-based political party of Malaysia, formed in August 2020 by former Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad in opposition to then ruling Perikatan Nasional (PN) government led by Prime Minister, Chairman of PN and President of the Malaysian United Indigenous Party (BERSATU) Muhyiddin Yassin.
Mohd Shaid Rosli is a Malaysian politician who served as Member of the Selangor State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Jeram from May 2018 to August 2023. He is a member of the Homeland Fighters Party (PEJUANG) and was a member of the Malaysian United Indigenous Party (BERSATU), a component party of the Perikatan Nasional (PN) coalition and formerly Pakatan Harapan (PH) coalitions.
The Ismail Sabri cabinet was formed following the appointment of Ismail Sabri Yaakob as Prime Minister of Malaysia on 21 August 2021 and dissolved 15 months and 3 days later following the appointment of Anwar Ibrahim as Prime Minister on 24 November 2022. It was the 22nd cabinet of Malaysia formed since independence. Following the coalition's defeat in the 2018 general election, Barisan Nasional (BN) has formed its first cabinet. This cabinet also has the full support of Gabungan Parti Sarawak (GPS), Parti Bersatu Sabah (PBS), three independent members of the Dewan Rakyat and conditional support of the Perikatan Nasional (PN) coalition.
The Anwar Ibrahim cabinet is the current federal cabinet of Malaysia, formed on 3 December 2022, nine days after Anwar Ibrahim took office as the 10th Prime Minister of Malaysia. The composition of the cabinet was announced by Anwar a day earlier on 2 December 2022, consisting of most of the political coalitions and parties represented in the 15th Parliament. Although Perikatan Nasional (PN) was also invited to join the government, it decided to decline the invitation and instead formed the opposition. The government is often referred to as "unity government".
↑ Nur Hasliza Mohd Salleh (22 October 2022). "Bersatu akan guna logo PAS di Kelantan"[PPBM will use the PAS logo in Kelantan] (in Malay). MalaysiaNow. Retrieved 12 August 2023.
↑ Khairil Anwar Mohd Amin (19 July 2020). "Bersatu pecat Ahli Parlimen Sri Gading"[Bersatu sacked Sri Gading Member of Parliament]. Sinar Harian (in Malay). Retrieved 19 July 2020.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply. Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.
