Metro Cagayan de Oro Kaulohang Cagayan de Oro | |
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Nickname: Metro CDO | |
Coordinates: 8°29′N124°39′E / 8.483°N 124.650°E | |
Country | Philippines |
Region | Northern Mindanao (Region X) |
Province |
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Area | |
• Total | 4,891.37 km2 (1,888.57 sq mi) |
Population (2020) | |
• Total | 1,687,159 |
• Density | 9,895/km2 (25,630/sq mi) |
• Languages | Cebuano Maranao Higaonon Bukid Subanon Hiligaynon Ilocano English |
Time zone | UTC+8 (PST) |
Metropolitan Cagayan de Oro (Cebuano : Kaulohang Cagayan de Oro; Filipino : Kalakhang Cagayan de Oro), also known as Metro Cagayan de Oro, is the fourth largest metropolitan area in the Philippines. [1] [2] It is located on the northern coast of Mindanao, and comprises the two chartered cities of Cagayan de Oro and El Salvador and the fourteen municipalities of Misamis Oriental which are Alubijid, Balingasag, Claveria, Gitagum, Initao, Jasaan, Laguindingan, Libertad, Lugait, Manticao, Naawan, Opol, Tagoloan, and Villanueva and the six municipalities of Bukidnon which are Manolo Fortich, Baungon, Libona, Malitbog, Sumilao and Talakag. [3] According to the 2015 Philippine census, Metro Cagayan de Oro has a population of 1,687,159 people. [4]
Metro Cagayan de Oro is bounded by Macajalar Bay, which curves north. Forty percent of its area is elevated plains, located partially in Bukidnon. In the western portion the Cagayan de Oro River [5] outlines the area, which is divided by the river's tributaries from district 1 of Cagayan de Oro to Gitagum (including Laguindingan, Alubijid, El Salvador and Opol). The eastern and southern regions run from district 2 of Cagayan de Oro to Tagoloan to Claveria and Malitbog to Talakag, which is bordered by Bukidnon-Central Mindanao and Lanao del Norte. [6]
Metro Cagayan comprises hills and mountain ranges, mountains and rain forests. Its biodiversity and greenery helps keep the area's temperature cool. The southern portion has semi-active volcanoes in the Kalatungan Mountain Range, although the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PhilVolcs) maintains that there is little risk of eruption or earthquakes. [7] [8]
Under the Köppen climate classification system Cagayan de Oro has a tropical climate, with an annual average temperature of 28 °C (82 °F). In June 1998, the city recorded its highest temperature to date, 39 °C (102 °F). The city receives a varying amount of rainfall throughout the year; March and April are the driest months, and August and September the wettest. The rainy season lasts from June to November, and the drier season from December to May. The city lies outside the typhoon belt, but is affected by the Intertropical Convergence Zone.
Climate data for Cagayan de Oro (Lumbia Airport) 1991–2020, extremes 1979–2020 | |||||||||||||
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Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 36.2 (97.2) | 36.0 (96.8) | 37.6 (99.7) | 37.0 (98.6) | 38.2 (100.8) | 38.4 (101.1) | 36.2 (97.2) | 37.8 (100.0) | 36.7 (98.1) | 35.2 (95.4) | 34.7 (94.5) | 34.4 (93.9) | 38.4 (101.1) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 29.8 (85.6) | 30.3 (86.5) | 31.4 (88.5) | 32.6 (90.7) | 33.0 (91.4) | 32.1 (89.8) | 31.7 (89.1) | 32.2 (90.0) | 32.1 (89.8) | 31.5 (88.7) | 31.1 (88.0) | 30.4 (86.7) | 31.5 (88.7) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 25.8 (78.4) | 26.0 (78.8) | 26.7 (80.1) | 27.6 (81.7) | 28.1 (82.6) | 27.5 (81.5) | 27.2 (81.0) | 27.4 (81.3) | 27.3 (81.1) | 27.0 (80.6) | 26.7 (80.1) | 26.3 (79.3) | 27.0 (80.6) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 21.7 (71.1) | 21.6 (70.9) | 21.9 (71.4) | 22.7 (72.9) | 23.3 (73.9) | 22.9 (73.2) | 22.6 (72.7) | 22.6 (72.7) | 22.5 (72.5) | 22.4 (72.3) | 22.2 (72.0) | 22.1 (71.8) | 22.4 (72.3) |
Record low °C (°F) | 16.1 (61.0) | 17.1 (62.8) | 17.1 (62.8) | 18.0 (64.4) | 20.7 (69.3) | 20.0 (68.0) | 20.0 (68.0) | 19.4 (66.9) | 19.0 (66.2) | 19.0 (66.2) | 18.0 (64.4) | 17.8 (64.0) | 16.1 (61.0) |
Average rainfall mm (inches) | 97.6 (3.84) | 85.3 (3.36) | 57.6 (2.27) | 62.1 (2.44) | 128.9 (5.07) | 220.1 (8.67) | 247.3 (9.74) | 197.4 (7.77) | 220.8 (8.69) | 191.6 (7.54) | 127.1 (5.00) | 137.5 (5.41) | 1,773.3 (69.81) |
Average rainy days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 10 | 8 | 6 | 6 | 11 | 16 | 17 | 14 | 15 | 14 | 10 | 9 | 136 |
Average relative humidity (%) | 85 | 84 | 81 | 79 | 80 | 83 | 84 | 82 | 83 | 84 | 84 | 85 | 83 |
Source: PAGASA [9] [10] |
Cagayan de Oro is a chartered city which is geographically located in Misamis Oriental. Although, the provincial Capitol of Misamis Oriental is located in Cagayan de Oro, the provincial government has no administrative authority and jurisdiction over the city government of Cagayan de Oro.
Metro Cagayan de Oro has the fourth-largest population in the Philippines, and is the third-largest metropolitan area geographically. Cagayan de Oro City is the center of the Metro Cagayan de Oro, the emerging 4th metropolis of the country. Metro Cagayan de Oro covers municipalities in eastern and western Misamis Oriental and northern Bukidnon. [11]
Cities or municipalities | Province | Barangays | Population (2020) | Income class |
---|---|---|---|---|
Cagayan de Oro | Misamis Oriental (geographical only) | 80 | 728,462 | 1st Class City; Highly urbanized |
El Salvador | Misamis Oriental | 15 | 58,771 | 4th class component city |
Balingasag | Misamis Oriental | 30 | 74,385 | 1st Class Municipality |
Libertad | Misamis Oriental | 9 | 12,948 | 5th Class Municipality |
Claveria | Misamis Oriental | 24 | 52,478 | 1st Class Municipality |
Tagoloan | Misamis Oriental | 10 | 80,319 | 1st Class Municipality |
Laguindingan | Misamis Oriental | 11 | 26,363 | 4th Class Municipality |
Manticao | Misamis Oriental | 13 | 29,469 | 2nd Class Municipality |
Opol | Misamis Oriental | 14 | 66,327 | 2nd Class Municipality |
Naawan | Misamis Oriental | 10 | 22,444 | 4th Class Municipality |
Jasaan | Misamis Oriental | 15 | 57,055 | 2nd Class Municipality |
Lugait | Misamis Oriental | 8 | 20,559 | 2nd Class Municipality |
Alubijid | Misamis Oriental | 16 | 32,163 | 4th Class Municipality |
Gitagum | Misamis Oriental | 11 | 17,920 | 5th Class Municipality |
Initao | Misamis Oriental | 16 | 33,902 | 3rd Class Municipality |
Villanueva | Misamis Oriental | 11 | 40,419 | 2nd Class Municipality |
Manolo Fortich | Bukidnon | 22 | 113,200 | 1st Class Municipality |
Talakag | Bukidnon | 29 | 77,027 | 1st Class Municipality |
Malitbog | Bukidnon | 11 | 26,741 | 2nd Class Municipality |
Baungon | Bukidnon | 16 | 37,111 | 2nd Class Municipality |
Libona | Bukidnon | 14 | 48,965 | 1st Class Municipality |
Sumilao | Bukidnon | 10 | 29,531 | 4th Class Municipality |
Since the 1986 People Power Revolution, political power has returned to Misamis Oriental. Each city and municipality is self-governing, divided into barangays led by mayors.
Metro Cagayan de Oro is inhabited by distinct Visayan (notably Cebuano-speaking majority) cultural communities. Christianity (particularly Roman Catholicism) is the predominant religion. Several cultural minorities exist in central Mindanao (Talakag, Sumilao and Baungon), including the Bagobos, Subanons and Badjaos. [12] It has also some sizeable minorities hailing from Luzon, such as Bicolanos, Ilocanos, Kapampangans and Tagalogs. [13] The city of Cagayan de Oro has a population of 675,950 people, making it the most-populous city in northern Mindanao and the tenth in the country.
Roman Catholicism is the predominant religion, [14] [15] although Protestant denominations (including Pentecostalism and the Seventh-day Adventist Church [16] are increasing in numbers. Followers of Islam were mainly Maranao traders and migrants and converts known as Balik-Islam.
About 44 percent of households in Metro Cagayan de Oro classify themselves as Bisaya, 22.15 percent as Cebuano and 4.38 percent as Boholano; 28.07 percent are from other ethnic groups, including Maranao, Higaonon and Bukidnon. The rest of the areas' population includes migrants and their descendants from Luzon and other parts of Visayas, such as Bicolanos, Ilocanos, Kapampangans, Tagalogs and Hiligaynons. [17] [18] In addition to the city of Cagayan de Oro, there is rapid growth in nearby cities and municipalities (including Tagoloan and El Salvador). According to the Statistical Yearbook of the Philippines, this urban growth is a result of migration from neighboring provinces.
Cultural communities and ethnic groups living primarily in remote areas of Talakag, Baungon and Bukidnon include the Maranaos, Maguindanaons, Tausugs, Higaonons, Subanens, Binukid, T’boli and Bagobo. These groups have declined in population by about 12 percent since 2000 and, despite comprising 20.4 percent of the population of Mindanao, they experience discrimination in Filipino society.
Cagayan de Oro is the "melting pot of Mindanao" because of its accessibility, business growth and attractions. It is a business hub of the northern Mindanao region, with a reported income of ₱1.8 billion in fiscal year 2010. The city's economy is based on industry, commerce, trade, services and tourism. The city of Cagayan de Oro reported seven billion pesos in investment during the first six months of 2012, primarily in the service and industrial sectors. Investment in Metro Cagayan de Oro focuses on tourism, agriculture and the hospitality industry.
Metro Cagayan de Oro has a number of hospitals: [19]
In addition, Every municipalities has public health center and/or mini-hospital that caters their constituents for minor health cases under the supervision of Local government Units and Department of Health.
Education, which has the largest share (about 40 percent) of the Metro Cagayan de Oro budget, is supervised by the Northern Mindanao Region X Department of Education. [20] The 2010 census counted 203 schools in the metropolis, including six universities, 12 colleges, 52 high schools and 64 elementary and primary schools (primarily in urban areas). The student population of Metro Cagayan de Oro is estimated at 380,580. [21]
Colleges and universities in Metro Cagayan de Oro are:
Metro Cagayan de Oro is accessible by land from several cities and municipalities in Mindanao. There are three bus and jeepney terminals with regular service: Agora Integrated Bus Terminal, Eastbound-Gusa Jeepney Terminal and Westbound-Bulua Integrated Bus and Jeepney Terminal.
Lumbia Airport, also known as Cagayan de Oro Airport (now Lumbia Airfield), hosted domestic service to Manila, Cebu, Davao and Iloilo. Manila is 75 minutes away by air, Iloilo one hour and Cebu 45 minutes, and Davao 25 minutes. It was the second-busiest airport in Mindanao, after Francisco Bangoy International Airport in Davao City.
Laguindingan International Airport (which opened June 15, 2013, replacing Lumbia) is in the municipality of Laguindingan, Misamis Oriental. It serves northern Mindanao (including Iligan and Cagayan de Oro), offering domestic service throughout the Philippines. It will offer international flights in the future.
Cagayan de Oro Port is an international seaport situated near the estuary of the Cagayan de Oro River. It has an anchorage depth of 18 metres (59 ft), with two cargo-handling operators. With the recent completion of the 250 million peso rehabilitation project, it is the largest seaport in Mindanao. [22] The port has regular service to Manila, Cebu, Tagbilaran, Bacolod, Dumaguete, Iloilo and Jagna.
Northern Mindanao is an administrative region in the Philippines, designated as Region X. It comprises five provinces: Bukidnon, Camiguin, Misamis Occidental, Misamis Oriental, and Lanao del Norte, and two cities classified as highly urbanized, all occupying the north-central part of Mindanao island, and the island-province of Camiguin. The regional center is Cagayan de Oro. Lanao del Norte was transferred to Northern Mindanao from Region XII by virtue of Executive Order No. 36 in September 2001.
Misamis Occidental, officially the Province of Misamis Occidental, is a province located in the region of Northern Mindanao in the Philippines. Its capital is the city of Oroquieta. The province borders Zamboanga del Norte and Zamboanga del Sur to the west and is separated from Lanao del Norte by Panguil Bay to the south and Iligan Bay to the east. The province of Misamis was originally inhabited by Subanens who were an easy target by the sea pirates from Lanao.
Misamis Oriental, officially the Province of Misamis Oriental, is a province located in the region of Northern Mindanao in the Philippines. Its capital, largest city and provincial center is the city of Cagayan de Oro, which is governed independently from the province.
Bukidnon, officially the Province of Bukidnon, is a landlocked province in the Philippines located in the Northern Mindanao region. Its capital is the city of Malaybalay. The province borders, clockwise from the north, Misamis Oriental, Agusan del Sur, Davao del Norte, Cotabato, Lanao del Sur, and Lanao del Norte. According to the 2020 census, the province is inhabited by 1,541,308 residents. The province is composed of 2 component cities and 20 municipalities. It is the third largest province in the country in terms of total area of jurisdiction behind Palawan and Isabela respectively.
Iligan, officially the City of Iligan, is a 1st class highly urbanized city in the region of Northern Mindanao, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 363,115 people.
Tagoloan, officially the Municipality of Tagoloan and also known as Tagoloan II, is a 4th class municipality in the province of Lanao del Sur, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 12,602 people.
Manolo Fortich, officially the Municipality of Manolo Fortich, is a 1st class municipality in the province of Bukidnon, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 113,200 people.
Initao, officially the Municipality of Initao, is a 3rd class municipality in the province of Misamis Oriental, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 33,902 people.
Laguindingan, officially the Municipality of Laguindingan, is a 4th class municipality in the province of Misamis Oriental, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 26,363 people.
Lugait, officially the Municipality of Lugait, is a 2nd class municipality in the province of Misamis Oriental, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 20,559 people.
Opol, officially the Municipality of Opol, is a 2nd class municipality in the province of Misamis Oriental, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 66,327 people.
Tagoloan, officially the Municipality of Tagoloan, is a 1st class municipality in the province of Misamis Oriental, Philippines. It is located to the east of Cagayan de Oro and located south-east of Macajalar Bay. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 80,319 people.
Laguindingan Airport, also referred to as Laguindingan International Airport, is an international airport in Northern Mindanao that serves the cities of Cagayan de Oro, Iligan and Marawi, as well as the provinces of Misamis Oriental, Lanao del Norte and Bukidnon in the Philippines. The airport is Mindanao's second-busiest airport after Francisco Bangoy International Airport in Davao City.
Lumbia Airfield, formerly known as Lumbia Airport and Cagayan de Oro Airport, is an air base and was the main civilian airport that served the general areas of Cagayan de Oro and Northern Mindanao, in the province of Misamis Oriental in the Philippines. It was the second busiest airport in Mindanao, after Francisco Bangoy International Airport in Davao City before the opening of Laguindingan Airport.
The legislative districts of Misamis were the representations of the historical province of Misamis in the various national legislatures of the Philippines until 1931. The undivided province's representation encompassed what are now the provinces of Camiguin, Misamis Occidental and Misamis Oriental, and the highly urbanized city of Cagayan de Oro.
The legislative districts of Misamis Oriental are the representations of the province of Misamis Oriental in the various national legislatures of the Philippines. The province is currently represented in the lower house of the Congress of the Philippines through its first and second congressional districts.
Maria Cristina Airport, also known as Iligan Airport, is an airport serving the general area of Iligan, located in the province of Lanao del Norte in the Philippines. It is the only airport in the province. The airport is classified as a secondary airport, or a minor commercial domestic airport, by the Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines.
Cagayan de Oro (CDO), officially the City of Cagayan de Oro, is a 1st class highly urbanized city in the region of Northern Mindanao, Philippines. It is the capital of the province of Misamis Oriental where it is geographically situated but governed administratively independent from the provincial government. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 728,402 people. Cagayan de Oro also serves as the regional center and business hub of Northern Mindanao, and part of the growing Metropolitan Cagayan de Oro area, which includes the city of El Salvador, the towns of Opol, Alubijid, Laguindingan, Gitagum, Lugait, Naawan, Initao, Libertad and Manticao at the western side, and the towns of Tagoloan, Villanueva, Jasaan, Claveria and Balingasag at the eastern side.
The Butuan–Cagayan de Oro–Iligan Road, or Butuan–Cagayan de Oro–Iligan–Tukuran Road, is a 416-kilometer (258 mi), two-to-six lane major thoroughfare, connecting the provinces of Agusan del Norte, Misamis Oriental, Lanao del Norte, and Zamboanga del Sur.
The COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Mindanao is part of the worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. The virus reached Northern Mindanao on March 11, 2020, when the first case of the disease was confirmed in Cagayan de Oro.