Michael Berkowitz | |
---|---|
Born | |
Academic background | |
Alma mater | Hobart College University of Wisconsin–Madison |
Doctoral advisor | George L. Mosse |
Academic work | |
Institutions | University College London |
Main interests | History of Zionism,visual culture,photography |
Michael Berkowitz is a UK-based American historian and professor of modern Jewish history at University College London. [1]
Berkowitz was born in Rochester,New York. He earned a bachelor's degree from Hobart College in Geneva,New York,and a master's degree and PhD from the University of Wisconsin–Madison. [2] [3]
Since 2012,Berkowitz has been editor of Jewish Historical Studies:Transactions of the Jewish Historical Society of England. [2] [4] Berkowitz has a particular interest in the history of the Jewish involvement in photography. [5]
Zionism is a nationalist movement that espouses the establishment of,and support for a homeland for the Jewish people centered in the area roughly corresponding to what is known in Jewish tradition as the Land of Israel,which corresponds in other terms to the region of Palestine,Canaan,or the Holy Land,on the basis of a long Jewish connection and attachment to that land.
The Biltmore Conference,also known by its resolution as the Biltmore Program,was a fundamental departure from traditional Zionist policy by its demand "that Palestine be established as a Jewish Commonwealth." The meeting was held in New York City,at the prestigious Biltmore Hotel,from May 9 to May 11,1942,with 600 delegates and Zionist leaders from 18 countries attending.
The Évian Conference was convened 6–15 July 1938 at Évian-les-Bains,France,to address the problem of German and Austrian Jewish refugees wishing to flee persecution by Nazi Germany. It was the initiative of United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt who perhaps hoped to obtain commitments from some of the invited nations to accept more refugees,although he took pains to avoid stating that objective expressly. Historians have suggested that Roosevelt desired to deflect attention and criticism from American policy that severely limited the quota of refugees admitted to the United States.
British Jews are British citizens who identify as Jewish. The number of people who identified as Jews in the United Kingdom rose by just under 4% between 2001 and 2021.
Paula Hyman was a social historian and the Lucy Moses Professor of Modern Jewish History at Yale University.
Maurice Orbach was a British Labour Party politician,who served the Willesden East (1945-1959) and Stockport South (1964-1979) constituencies.
Robert Solomon Wistrich was the Erich Neuberger Professor of European and Jewish history at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem,and the head of the University's Vidal Sassoon International Center for the Study of Antisemitism. Wistrich considered antisemitism "the longest hatred" and viewed Anti-Zionism as its latest incarnation. According to Scott Ury,"More than any other scholar,Wistrich has helped integrate traditional Zionist interpretations of Jewish history,society,and fate into the study of antisemitism." Other researchers have reproduced much of his work without questioning its founding assumptions.
Jewish Bolshevism,also Judeo–Bolshevism,is an anti-communist and antisemitic canard,which alleges that the Jews were the originators of the Russian Revolution in 1917,and that they held primary power among the Bolsheviks who led the revolution. Similarly,the conspiracy theory of Jewish Communism alleges that Jews have dominated the Communist movements in the world,and is related to the Zionist Occupation Government conspiracy theory (ZOG),which alleges that Jews control world politics.
David Sword Wyman was the Josiah DuBois professor of history at the University of Massachusetts,Amherst.
United Jewish Socialist Workers Party was a political party that emerged in Russia in the wake of the 1917 February Revolution. Members of the party along with the Poalei Zion participated in the government of Ukraine and condemned the October Revolution.
Anti-Zionism is opposition to Zionism. Although anti-Zionism is a heterogeneous phenomenon,all its proponents agree that the creation of the modern State of Israel,and the movement to create a sovereign Jewish state in the region of Palestine –the biblical Land of Israel –was flawed or unjust in some way.
John Doyle Klier was a British-American historian of Russian Jewry and a pivotal figure in academic Jewish studies and East European history in the UK and beyond. At the end of his career and life,Klier was the Sidney and Elizabeth Corob Professor of Modern Jewish History at University College London. He was a historian who challenged scholarly opinion on the Jewish community under the Tsars.
Mordecai Ehrenpreis was a Hebrew author,publisher and Zionist activist. From 1914 until his death he served as chief rabbi of Stockholm.
Antisemitism in the Russian Empire included numerous pogroms and the designation of the Pale of Settlement from which Jews were forbidden to migrate into the interior of Russia,unless they converted to the Russian Orthodox state religion.
David Allen Conway is a British music historian,academic and writer.
The Jewish Socialist Workers Party,often nicknamed Seymists,was a Jewish socialist political party in the Russian Empire. The party was founded in April 1906,emerging out of the Vozrozhdenie (Renaissance) circles. The Vozrozhdenie was a non-Marxist tendency which was led by the nonmarxist thinker and politician Chaim Zhitlowsky. Zhitlowsky became the theoretician of the new party that advocated with the same emphasis Jewish self-reliance and socialism. Leaders of the party included Avrom Rozin (Ben-Adir),Nokhem Shtif,Moyshe Zilberfarb and Mark Ratner. The party was close to the Socialist-Revolutionary Party (PSR).
Arthur A. Goren was the Russell and Bettina Knapp Professor Emeritus of American Jewish History at Columbia University in New York City.
Arthur Menachem Hantke was a jurist,lawyer and economist,one of the leaders of Zionist movement in Germany and one of the leaders of the Zionist fundraising organization Keren Hayesod.
The claim that there was a Jewish war against Nazi Germany is an antisemitic conspiracy theory promoted in Nazi propaganda which asserts that Jews,acting as a single historical actor,started World War II and sought the destruction of Germany. Alleging that war was declared in 1939 by Chaim Weizmann,president of the World Zionist Organization,Nazis used this false notion to justify the persecution of Jews under German control on the grounds that the Holocaust was justified self-defense. Since the end of World War II,the conspiracy theory has been popular among neo-Nazis and Holocaust deniers.
Israel Finestein QC MA (1921–2009),an English barrister and Deputy High Court Judge,was a leader and historian of British Jewry. His writings analysed the history of divisions amongst the Jews of England;in varied roles he worked for communal change and reconciliation.