The government of Ethiopia is the federal government of Ethiopia. It is structured in a framework of a federal parliamentary republic, whereby the prime minister is the head of government. Executive power is exercised by the government. The prime minister is chosen by the lower chamber of the Federal Parliamentary Assembly. Federal legislative power is vested in both the government and the two chambers of parliament. The judiciary is more or less independent of the executive and the legislature. They are governed under the 1995 Constitution of Ethiopia. There is a bicameral parliament made of the 108-seat House of Federation and the 547-seat House of Peoples' Representatives. The House of Federation has members chosen by the regional councils to serve five-year terms. The House of Peoples' Representatives is elected by direct election, who in turn elect the president for a six-year term.
Human rights in Somalia throughout the late 20th-century and early 21st-century were considered dire, but have gradually improved over the following years. Human rights are guaranteed in the Federal Constitution, which was adopted in August 2012. They fall under the Ministry of Human Rights established in August 2013. The central authorities concurrently inaugurated a National Human Rights Day, endorsed an official Human Rights Roadmap, and completed Somalia's first National Gender Policy.
Mass media in Somalia includes various radio, television, print and internet outlets. The federal government operates two official radio and TV networks, which exist alongside a number of private and foreign stations. Print media in the country is progressively giving way to news radio stations and online portals, as internet connectivity and access increases. In February 2013, the Ministry of Information, Posts and Telecommunication also launched a broad-based consultative process for the reformation of media legislation.
Denmark–Somalia relations are bilateral relations between Denmark and Somalia.
Maryam Qaasim is a Somali politician. She served as the Minister for Human Development and Public Services of Somalia from November 2012 to January 2014. She is also the Chairperson of the Tayo Political Party. On 21 March 2017, she was appointed as the Minister of Humanitarian and Disaster Management by the Prime Minister Hassan Ali Khaire.
General Ahmed Mohamed Mohamud is a Somali politician. He served as the Minister of Health of Somalia, having been appointed to the position on 17 January 2014 by Prime Minister Abdiweli Sheikh Ahmed. General Ahmed Mohamed Mohamud succeeded Maryam Qaasim when her post as Minister for Human Development and Public Services ended on 17 January 2014. The Ministry was split to allow the creation of 6 cabinet positions one of which was the Ministry of Health. The other 5 cabinet positions are Ministry of Education, Ministry of Culture and Higher Education, Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs, Ministry of Women and Human Rights, Ministry of Sports and Youth. After falling ill, Mohamud was replaced at the position on 9 August 2014 with former Minister of Tourism and Wildlife Ali Mohamed Mohamud.
Khadijo Mohamed Diriye is a Somali politician. From January 2014 to January 2015, she served as the Minister of Women and Human Rights of Somalia. As of March 2017, she serves as the Minister of Youth and Sports in the Cabinet of Prime Minister Hassan Ali Khaire.
Khalid Omar Ali is a Somali politician. He served as the Minister of Youth and Sports of Somalia under Prime Minister Abdiweli Sheikh Ahmed. Khalid Omar Ali succeeded Maryam Qaasim when her post as Minister for Human Development and Public Services ended on 17 January 2014. The Ministry was split to allow the creation of 6 cabinet positions one of which was the Ministry of Youth and Sports. The other 5 cabinet positions are Ministry of Health, Ministry of Culture and Higher Education, Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs, Ministry of Women and Human Rights, Ministry of Education. On 12 January 2015, Khalid Omar Ali was succeeded by Duale Adan Mohamed and instead was appointed the new State Minister for Interior of Somalia by Prime Minister Omar Abdirashid Ali Sharmarke.
Lugman Ismail Ali is a Somali politician. He was the Minister of Labour and Social Affairs of Somalia, having been appointed to the position on 17 January 2014 by Prime Minister Abdiweli Sheikh Ahmed. Lugman Ismail Ali succeeded Maryam Qaasim when her post as Minister for Human Development and Public Services ended on 17 January 2014. The Ministry was split to allow the creation of 6 cabinet positions one of which was the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs. The other 5 cabinet positions are Ministry of Education, Ministry of Culture and Higher Education, Ministry of Health, Ministry of Women and Human Rights, Ministry of Sports and Youth. On 12 January 2015, Lugman Ismail Ali was succeeded by Mohamed Omar Eymoy.
Anisa Abdulkadir Hajimumin is a Somali American politician, social activist and writer. She is the Minister of Women & Family Affairs of Puntland.
Raqiya Haji Dualeh Abdalla is a Somali sociologist and politician. She has held a number of senior policy-making posts in governmental, non-governmental and international institutions, including as Vice Minister of Health of Somalia. She was also a founding member of the Somali Women's Democratic Organization (SWDO), serving as the group's Acting Chairperson and Vice President. Additionally, Raqiya is the founder and President of the Somali Family Care Network.
Sahra Mohamed Ali Samatar, also known as Sahra Ali Samatar is a Somali politician. She is the former the Minister of Women and Human Rights of Somalia, having been appointed to the position on 27 January 2015 by the former Prime Minister Omar Abdirashid Ali Sharmarke. During her tenure, she has introduced a ban on female genital mutilation nationwide and worked on equal rights for men and women within Somalia. The daughter of Mohammad Ali Samatar, she belongs to the Tumal clan.
On 27 March 2015, Al-Shabaab militants launched an attack on the Makka al-Mukarama hotel in Mogadishu, Somalia. The siege ended a few hours later on 28 March, after a special forces unit of the Somali Armed Forces stormed the premises, recaptured it, and killed all five of the attackers. According to the Ministry of Information, around 20 people died during the standoff, including the perpetrators, security forces, hotel security guards and some civilians, with around 28 wounded. The special forces also rescued more than 50 hotel guests. President of Somalia Hassan Sheikh Mohamud ordered an investigation into the attack, and the Ministry of Information announced that the federal government was slated to pass new laws to curb illicit firearms. On 8 May, the Makka al-Mukarama hotel officially reopened after having undergone renovations.
Somaliland a self-declared independent country in the Horn of Africa in which inhabitants were initially governed by various kinship networks. Upon contact with Europeans, treaties were signed in the area to secure rights to trade in the territory in exchange for protection of clans from rivals. Britain formally extended a protectorate over British Somaliland in 1898. Inhabitants of Somaliland were British Protected Persons from that date until they gained their independence in 1960 and joined in the union of their state with Italian Somaliland to form the Somali Republic. Inhabitants derive their nationality from Somali law. The legal means to acquire nationality, formal legal membership in a sovereign nation, differ from the domestic relationship of rights and obligations between a citizen within its nation, known as citizenship. Nationality describes the relationship of an individual to the nation under international law, whereas citizenship is the domestic relationship of an individual within the state. As the African Union, United Nations, and no independent nation has recognized its national sovereignty, Somaliland's inhabitants are Somali nationals, but since declaring its independence in 1991, it has de facto authority to control internal affairs and citizenship within its territory.
The Isaaq genocide, or Hargeisa holocaust, was the systematic, state-sponsored genocide of Isaaq civilians between 1987 and 1989 by the Somali Democratic Republic, under the dictatorship of Siad Barre, during the Somaliland War of Independence. The number of civilian deaths in this massacre is estimated to be between 50,000 and 100,000, according to various sources, whilst local reports estimate the total civilian deaths to be upwards of 200,000 Isaaq civilians. The genocide also included the levelling and complete destruction of the second and third largest cities in the Somali Republic, Hargeisa and Burao, respectively, and had caused up to 500,000 Somalis of the region, primarily of the Isaaq clan, to flee their land and cross the border to Hartasheikh in Ethiopia as refugees in what was described as "one of the fastest and largest forced movements of people recorded in Africa", which resulted in the creation of the world's largest refugee camp then (1988), with another 400,000 being displaced. The scale of destruction led to Hargeisa being known as the 'Dresden of Africa'. The killings happened during the Somali Civil War and have been referred to as a "forgotten genocide".
The Ministry of Justice of the Republic Somaliland administers the court system and has the authority to hire court personnel, allocate funds, and train, discipline or dismiss judicial officers. According to Articles 7 and 38 of the Organisation of the Judiciary Law, the ministry even compiles a panel of assessors on an annual basis for the regional courts. Additionally, the ministry is a member of the Judicial Commission. The current minister is Mustafe Mohamoud Ali
Deqa Yasin Hagi Yusuf is a Human Rights Advocate and Social Justice Activist, specifically in the areas of gender equality, women‘s empowerment, disability, children and minority rights. In 2017 she was appointed the Minister for Women and Human Rights in Somalia until October 2020.
Zahra Mohamed Ahmad is a Somalian human rights activist and lawyer. She is the founder of the Somali Women Development Center. She was awarded the International Women of Courage Award in 2021.
Abdiqani Sheikh Omar Hassan (1984) is a Somali-born Medical Doctor who served as Director-General at the Ministry of Women and Human Rights Development and also at the Ministry of Health and Human Service at Federal Government of Somalia. Since April 2019 to-date Abdiqani has been serving as the Senior WASH Strategic Policy Advisor at the ministry of Energy and Water at the Federal Government of Somalia
Haniifa Mohamed Ibrahim is a Somalian Minister of Women and Human Rights Development.
