In economics,a free market is an economic system in which the prices of goods and services are determined by supply and demand expressed by sellers and buyers. Such markets,as modeled,operate without the intervention of government or any other external authority. Proponents of the free market as a normative ideal contrast it with a regulated market,in which a government intervenes in supply and demand by means of various methods such as taxes or regulations. In an idealized free market economy,prices for goods and services are set solely by the bids and offers of the participants.
Neoliberalism,also neo-liberalism,is a term used to signify the late-20th century political reappearance of 19th-century ideas associated with free-market capitalism after it fell into decline following the Second World War. A prominent factor in the rise of conservative and right-libertarian organizations,political parties,and think tanks,and predominantly advocated by them,it is generally associated with policies of economic liberalization,including privatization,deregulation,globalization,free trade,monetarism,austerity,and reductions in government spending in order to increase the role of the private sector in the economy and society. The defining features of neoliberalism in both thought and practice have been the subject of substantial scholarly debate.
Barrington Moore Jr. was an American political sociologist,and the son of forester Barrington Moore.
Theda Skocpol is an American sociologist and political scientist,who is currently the Victor S. Thomas Professor of Government and Sociology at Harvard University. She is a highly influential figure in both sociology and political science. She is best known as an advocate of the historical-institutional and comparative approaches,as well as her "state autonomy theory". She has written widely for both popular and academic audiences. She has been President of the American Political Science Association and the Social Science History Association.
Centre-right politics lean to the right of the political spectrum,but are closer to the centre. Parties of the centre-right generally support liberal democracy,capitalism,the market economy,private property rights,and a modest welfare state. They support conservatism and economic liberalism and oppose socialism and communism.
Adam Przeworski is a Polish-American professor of political science specializing in comparative politics. He is Carroll and Milton Professor Emeritus in the Department of Politics of New York University. He is a scholar of democratic societies,theory of democracy,social democracy and political economy,as well as an early proponent of rational choice theory in political science.
William Arthur Niskanen was an American economist. He was one of the architects of President Ronald Reagan's economic program and contributed to public choice theory. He was also a long-time chairman of the Cato Institute,a libertarian think-tank.
Jack A. Goldstone is an American sociologist,political scientist,and historian,specializing in studies of social movements,revolutions,political demography,and the 'Rise of the West' in world history. He is an author or editor of 13 books and over 150 research articles. He is recognized as one of the leading authorities on the study of revolutions and long-term social change. His work has made foundational contributions to the fields of cliodynamics,economic history and political demography. He was the first scholar to describe in detail and document the long-term cyclical relationship between global population cycles and cycles of political rebellion and revolution. He was also a core member of the "California school" in world history,which replaced the standard view of a dynamic West and stagnant East with a ‘late divergence’model in which Eastern and Western civilizations underwent similar political and economic cycles until the 18th century,when Europe achieved the technical breakthroughs of industrialization. He is also one of the founding fathers of the emerging field of political demography,studying the impact of local,regional,and global population trends on international security and national politics.
Wendy L. Brown is an American political theorist. She is the UPS Foundation Professor in the School of Social Science at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton,NJ. Previously,she was Class of 1936 First Professor of Political Science and a core faculty member in The Program for Critical Theory at the University of California,Berkeley.
The American Institute for Economic Research (AIER) is a conservative and libertarian free-market think tank located in Great Barrington,Massachusetts. It was founded in 1933 by Edward C. Harwood,an economist and investment advisor. It is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit. During the COVID19 pandemic it was known for spreading misinformation and promoting risky conducts which could result in infection.
Historical sociology is an interdisciplinary field of research that combines sociological and historical methods to understand the past,how societies have developed over time,and the impact this has on the present. It emphasises a mutual line of inquiry of the past and present to understand how discrete historical events fit into wider societal progress and ongoing dilemmas through complementary comparative analysis.
David Garland is Arthur T. Vanderbilt Professor of Law and professor of sociology at New York University,and an honorary professor in Criminology at Edinburgh Law School. He is well known for his historical and sociological studies of penal institutions,for his work on the welfare state,and for his contributions to criminology,social theory,and the study of social control.
Eiko Ikegami (池上英子) is a Japanese academic,author and the Walter A. Eberstadt Professor of Sociology and History at the New School of Social Research in New York. In 2006,she won the Mary Douglas Prize for Best Book in Cultural Sociology and the Distinguished Contribution to Scholarship Award in Political Sociology both from the American Sociological Association.
Jamie Peck FRSC FAcSS is Canada Research Chair in Urban &Regional Political Economy and Professor of Geography at the University of British Columbia,Canada. He is the Managing Editor of Environment and Planning A and the convenor of the Summer Institute in Economic Geography.
Richard Lachmann was an American sociologist and specialist in comparative historical sociology who was a professor at University at Albany,SUNY.
Wendy Griswold is an American sociologist,professor of sociology and the Bergen Evans Professor in the Humanities at Northwestern University,prior to that she was the Arthur E. Andersen Research and Teaching Professor,also at Northwestern University. She is a Guggenheim Fellow and well-known for her contributions to the sociology of culture and the sociology of literature. She is the author of nine books,among them,Bearing Witness:Readers,Writers,and the Novel in Nigeria won the "Best Book" award from the Culture Section of the American Sociological Association in 2002 and the academic journal Choice named it one of the year's outstanding academic books.
Kathleen Thelen is an American political scientist specializing in comparative politics. She is the Ford Professor of Political Science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT),a permanent external member of the Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies (MPIfG),and a faculty associate at the Center for European Studies (CES) at Harvard University.
Seymour Michael "Mike" Miller was an economic-political sociologist,activist,and emeritus professor of sociology at Boston University.
Masters of the Universe:Hayek,Friedman,and the Birth of Neoliberal Politics is a 2012 book by barrister Daniel Stedman Jones,in which the author traces the intellectual development and political rise of neoliberalism in the United States and the United Kingdom. Originally a PhD thesis,the author adapted it into a book.
Evelyne Huber is an American and Swiss political scientist specializing in comparative politics and a scholar of Latin America,currently the Morehead Alumni Professor of Political Science at the University of North Carolina,Chapel Hill,where she was the Department Chair for more than a decade. Her work has focused on democracy and redistribution,particularly in Latin America.
