 | This article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject.(July 2019) |
In addition to terrestrial oil wells, Canada also extracts oil via offshore drilling.
| This article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject.(July 2019) |
In addition to terrestrial oil wells, Canada also extracts oil via offshore drilling.
Newfoundland and Labrador is the third largest petroleum producer in Canada, making up 4.4% of Canada's petroleum. As of 2015, the province produced over 27,370 m3 per day of light crude oil from the Grand Banks offshore oil fields. [1] The Jeanne d'Arc Basin is the province's most active oil field project.
The offshore oil industry of Nova Scotia accounts for about 0.07% of Canadian petroleum production. The majority of its offshore industry is located on the Nova Scotian continental Shelf, within the Sable Island offshore natural gas fields. In 2015, Nova Scotia produced 438 m3 of liquid natural gas per day. As of 2019, that figure is up to 3,200 m3 per day. [1]
The Jeanne d'Arc Basin is located about 340 km to the southeast from the Island of Newfoundland, Canada. The geological region is defined by an offshore sedimentary basin covering an area greater than 6000 km3 and 20 km in depth. [2] Hydrocarbon exploration first began during the 1960s by Amoco and Imperial Oil. Exploration wells indicated the potential of the basin for active petroleum drilling. In 1979, the first major well began pumping operations. [3]
Since 1999, the Sable Offshore Energy Project (SOEP) is an ongoing initiative to conduct natural gas exploration along the Nova Scotian continental Shelf. This project produces over 14,000,000 m3 of natural gas and 3,200 m3 of liquid natural gas daily. [4] The major partners include ExxonMobil, Shell Canada, Imperial Oil, and Pengrowth Energy.
Beginning in 2013, this exploratory hydrocarbon drilling project was conducted by Shell Canada about 250 km southeast of Halifax, Nova Scotia. Between 2013 and 2015, seven exploration wells have been proposed. The project took place in the Shelburne Basin, which has been a consistent source for Nova Scotian hydrocarbon production. [5]
The Hebron-Ben Nevis oil field is located 350 km east from the coast of Newfoundland, situated in the Jeanne d'Arc Basin. The oil field was discovered in 1981, however only began production in 2017. An estimated 700 million barrels of light crude oil exist within the oil field. [6]
The Hibernia oil field is located 315 km from the east from Newfoundland in 80 m of water. The Hibernia platform is the world's largest oil platform by weight and size. The oil field was discovered in 1979 but production only began in 2007. The total oil field production is an estimated 704 million barrels as of 2010. The regional reserves is an estimated 1,395 million barrels of oil. [7]
The Terra Nova oil field is located 350 km east off the coast of Newfoundland. This site was developed by Petro-Canada in 1984, and is the second largest oil field on Canada's East coast. Production began in 2002 and is expected to last about 17 years. Other partners include Suncor Energy, Exxon Mobil Canada, and Cenovus (formerly Husky Energy). [1]
The White Rose oil field is located about 350 km east from the coast of Newfoundland. Husky Energy is the largest operator, owning 72.5% interest. This field was discovered in 1984 and began operations in 2005. The oil field consists of both oil and gas pools covering an area of approximately 40 km2 and containing an estimated 440 million barrels of oil. [1]
The Mumbai High Field, formerly called the Bombay High Field, is an offshore oilfield 176 km (109 mi) off the west coast of Mumbai, in Gulf of Cambay region of India, in about 75 m (246 ft) of water. The oil operations are run by India's Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC).
North Sea oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons, comprising liquid petroleum and natural gas, produced from petroleum reservoirs beneath the North Sea.
Hibernia is an oil field in the North Atlantic Ocean, approximately 315 kilometres (196 mi) east-southeast of St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada, in 80 m of water.
The Statfjord oil field is a large oil and gas field covering 580 km2 in the U.K.-Norwegian boundary of the North Sea at a water depth of 145 m, discovered in 1974 by Mobil and since 1987 operated by Equinor.
The Piper oilfield is a substantial North Sea oilfield covering 30.1 km2. It lies roughly halfway between Aberdeen and Bergen, at the eastern end of the Moray Firth basin. Oil extracted from it is piped to Scotland, where it is stabilised at an oil plant on the island of Flotta, in the Orkney archipelago, while gas is shipped via the Frigg gas pipeline. In June 1975, the Piper Alpha oil platform was placed over the field in 144 metres of water, secured in place by 24 piles extending 116 metres beneath the seabed. The platform was designed for simultaneous drilling and production. Piper Alpha was the site of one of the world's worst oil platform disasters when it was destroyed by an explosion in 1988, with the loss of 167 lives. Piper Bravo was installed in 1992. Talisman Energy acquired a controlling interest in 2000.
The Sable Offshore Energy Project (SOEP) is a consortium based in Halifax, Nova Scotia which explores for and produced natural gas near Sable Island on the edge of the Nova Scotian continental shelf in eastern Canada. SOEP produced between 400 and 500 million cubic feet (14,000,000 m3) of natural gas and 20,000 barrels (3,200 m3) of natural gas liquids daily until 2018.
Petroleum production in Canada is a major industry which is important to the overall economy of North America. Canada has the third largest oil reserves in the world and is the world's fourth largest oil producer and fourth largest oil exporter. In 2019 it produced an average of 750,000 cubic metres per day (4.7 Mbbl/d) of crude oil and equivalent. Of that amount, 64% was upgraded from unconventional oil sands, and the remainder light crude oil, heavy crude oil and natural-gas condensate. Most of the Canadian petroleum production is exported, approximately 600,000 cubic metres per day (3.8 Mbbl/d) in 2019, with 98% of the exports going to the United States. Canada is by far the largest single source of oil imports to the United States, providing 43% of US crude oil imports in 2015.
Canada's natural gas liquids industry dates back to the discovery of wet natural gas at Turner Valley, Alberta in 1914. The gas was less important than the natural gasoline - "skunk gas" it was called, because of its distinctive odour - that early producers extracted from it. That natural gas liquid (NGL) could be poured directly into an automobile's fuel tank.
Canada's early petroleum discoveries took place near population centres or along lines of penetration into the frontier.
The Sirte Basin is a late Mesozoic and Cenozoic triple junction continental rift along northern Africa that was initiated during the late Jurassic Period. It borders a relatively stable Paleozoic craton and cratonic sag basins along its southern margins. The province extends offshore into the Mediterranean Sea, with the northern boundary drawn at the 2,000 meter (m) bathymetric contour. It borders in the north on the Gulf of Sidra and extends south into northern Chad.
The world's 932 giant oil and gas fields are considered those with 500 million barrels (79,000,000 m3) of ultimately recoverable oil or gas equivalent. Geoscientists believe these giants account for 40 percent of the world's petroleum reserves. They are clustered in 27 regions of the world, with the largest clusters in the Persian Gulf and Western Siberian basin. The past three decades reflect declines in discoveries of giant fields. The years 2000–11 reflect an upturn in discoveries and appears on track to be the third best decade for discovery of giant oil and gas fields in the 150-year history of modern oil and gas exploration.
The petroleum industry of Ghana is regulated by the state-owned Ghana National Petroleum Corporation (GNPC) and administered by the state-owned Ghana Oil Company (GOIL).
The impact of the petroleum industry has been increasing globally as China ranks seventh for oil production and second in crude oil consumption in the world. China imported a record 6.7 million barrels a day (b/d) of oil in 2015 and was forecast "to overtake the U.S. as the world's biggest crude importer in 2016".
The petroleum industry in Western Australia is the largest contributor to the country's petroleum exports. Western Australia's North West Shelf (NWS) is the primary location from which production originates. Oil exports are shipped from Port Hedland.
Offshore drilling for oil and gas on the Atlantic coast of the United States took place from 1947 to the early 1980s. Oil companies drilled five wells in Atlantic Florida state waters and 51 exploratory wells on federal leases on the outer continental shelf of the Atlantic coast. None of the wells were completed as producing wells. All the leases have now reverted to the government.
The Jeanne d'Arc Basin is an offshore sedimentary basin located about 340 kilometres to the basin centre, east-southeast of St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador. This basin formed in response to the large scale plate tectonic forces that ripped apart the super-continent Pangea and also led to sea-floor spreading in the North Atlantic Ocean. This basin is one of a series of rift basins that are located on the broad, shallow promontory of continental crust known as the Grand Banks of Newfoundland off Canada's east coast. The basin was named after a purported 20 metres shoal labelled as "Ste. Jeanne d'Arc" on out-dated bathymetric charts and which was once thought to represent a local exposure of basement rocks similar to the Virgin Rocks.
Cairn India was an Indian oil and gas exploration and production company, headquartered in Gurgaon, India. The company was merged with Vedanta Limited.
Oil and Gas dominates the resource sector of the Republic of the Congo, also referred to as Congo-Brazzaville, with the petroleum industry accounting for 89% of the country's exports in 2010. As of June 22, 2018 is a full member of the organisation of the petroleum exporting countries (OPEC), and among African crude oil producers in 2022, The Congo ranked sixth. Nearly all of the country's hydrocarbons were produced off-shore.
The Shelburne Basin Venture Exploration Drilling Project is an exploratory hydrocarbon drilling program by Shell Canada, the subsidiary of Shell plc in the Shelburne basin approximately 250 kilometers offshore, South of Halifax, Nova Scotia. Shell Canada has proposed up to seven exploration wells within six exploration licenses over a four-year period from 2015 to 2019. Shell carried out a 3D Wide Azimuth seismic survey in 2013, and a seabed survey in the same offshore area in 2014. In June 2015, the Canadian Environmental Assessment Agency published its environmental assessment. The Canada-Nova Scotia Offshore Petroleum Board (CNSOPB) approved the project on October 20, 2015. In September 2016, one of the non-operating partners, Suncor, wrote off its investment in the first exploration well when the operator, Shell, reported that the well was noncommercial.
Fracking in Canada was first used in Alberta in 1953 to extract hydrocarbons from the giant Pembina oil field, the biggest conventional oil field in Alberta, which would have produced very little oil without fracturing. Since then, over 170,000 oil and gas wells have been fractured in Western Canada. Fracking is a process that stimulates natural gas or oil in wellbores to flow more easily by subjecting hydrocarbon reservoirs to pressure through the injection of fluids or gas at depth causing the rock to fracture or to widen existing cracks.
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