Regional Trial Court | |
---|---|
Panrehiyong Hukuman sa Paglilitis | |
Composition method | Presidential appointment from the short-list submitted by the Judicial and Bar Council |
Appeals to | Court of Appeals of the Philippines, Sandiganbayan |
Appeals from |
|
Division map | |
The Regional Trial Courts (Filipino : Panrehiyong Hukuman sa Paglilitis) [1] are the highest trial courts in the Philippines. In criminal matters, they have original jurisdiction.
Philippinesportal |
It was formerly called as the Court of First Instance since the Spanish era. It continued throughout its colonization under Spanish and Americans. [2] After the independence from the United States, Republic Act No. 296 or Judiciary Act of 1948 was enacted to reinforce its jurisdictional powers of the Court of First Instance. Under its law, it has the power to try civil and criminal cases, as well as appeals from the decisions made by the municipality and city Justice of the Peace courts. [3]
There were numerous cases (both civil and criminal) yet to be resolved or being delayed for years due to their nature. In addition, there were special courts made to try specialized cases like criminal, agricultural, and family to decongest cases, which ended up complicating the judiciary system. Therefore, the Interim Batasang Pambansa has passed Batas Pambansa Blg. 129, or The Judiciary Reorganization Act of 1980, which reorganized the lower and intermediate courts in the country, which include the change of Court of First Instance to Regional Trial Court.
Batas Pambansa Blg. 129, or The Judiciary Reorganization Act of 1980, and Republic Act No. 7691, or An Act Expanding the Jurisdiction of the Metropolitan Trial Courts, Municipal Trial Courts, and Municipal Circuit Trial Courts of 1994, as amended, gave the RTCs the following jurisdiction: [4] [5]
Regional Trial Courts shall exercise exclusive original jurisdiction in all criminal cases not within the exclusive jurisdiction of any court, tribunal or body, except those now falling under the exclusive and concurrent jurisdiction of the Sandiganbayan which shall hereafter be exclusively taken cognizance of by the latter. RTC Criminal Courts typically try cases of serious crimes like murder and robbery, as opposed to petty crimes, which reduce the burden of court cases.
Regional Trial Courts shall exercise original jurisdiction:
The Supreme Court may designate certain branches of the Regional Trial Courts to handle exclusively criminal cases, juvenile and domestic relations cases, agrarian cases, urban land reform cases which do not fall under the jurisdiction of quasi-judicial bodies and agencies, and/or such other special cases as the Supreme Court may determine in the interest of a speedy and efficient administration of justice.
Regional Trial Courts shall exercise appellate jurisdiction over all cases decided by Metropolitan Trial Courts, Municipal Trial Courts, and Municipal Circuit Trial Courts in their respective territorial jurisdictions. Such cases shall be decided on the basis of the entire record of the proceedings had in the court of origin and such memoranda and/or briefs as may be submitted by the parties or required by the Regional Trial Courts. The decision of the Regional Trial Courts in such cases shall be appealable by petition for review to the Court of Appeals which may give it due course only when the petition shows prima facie that the lower court has committed an error of fact or law that will warrant a reversal or modification of the decision or judgment sought to be reviewed.
Pursuant to Batas Pambansa Blg. 129 or Judicial Reorganization Act of 1980, each province or city (in case of Metro Manila cities and other Philippine cities, chartered by law) should have a Regional Trial Court (RTC) branch. Congress can create additional RTC branches, when necessary by passing a law.
Judicial Region | Branches | Jurisdictions | Map | |
---|---|---|---|---|
National Capital | 288 | Metro Manila | ||
First | 70 | Ilocos Region, Abra, Benguet, Mountain Province | ||
Second | 38 | Cagayan Valley, Apayao, Ifugao, Kalinga | ||
Third | 75 | Central Luzon | ||
Fourth | 96 | Calabarzon, Mimaropa | ||
Fifth | 65 | Bicol Region | ||
Sixth | 68 | Western Visayas | ||
Seventh | 66 | Central Visayas | ||
Eighth | 41 | Eastern Visayas | ||
Ninth | 31 | Zamboanga Peninsula, Basilan, Sulu, Tawi-Tawi | ||
Tenth | 44 | Agusan del Norte, Agusan del Sur, Bukidnon, Camiguin, Dinagat Islands, Misamis Occidental, Misamis Oriental, Surigao del Norte | ||
Eleventh | 51 | Davao Region, Sarangani, South Cotabato, Surigao del Sur | ||
Twelfth | 26 | Cotabato, Lanao del Norte, Lanao del Sur, Maguindanao del Norte, Maguindanao del Sur, Sultan Kudarat | ||
Philippines | 959 |
City/Town | Branches | Location |
---|---|---|
Manila | Branch 1 to 55, 173 | Manila |
Quezon City | Branch 76 to 107, 215 to 227 | Quezon City |
Pasay | Branch 108 to 119, 231 | Pasay |
Caloocan | Branch 120 to 131 | Caloocan |
Makati | Branch 56 to 66, 132 to 150 | Makati |
Pasig | Branch 67 to 71, 151 to 167, 261 to 271 | Pasig |
Malabon | Branch 72 to 74, 169 to 170 | Malabon |
Marikina | Branch 156, 165, 168, 192 to 193, 263, 272 to 273 | Marikina |
Mandaluyong | Branch 208 to 214, 277 to 281 | Mandaluyong |
Parañaque | Branch 194 to 196, 257 to 260, 274 | Parañaque |
Las Piñas | Branch 197 to 202, 253 to 255, 275 | Las Piñas |
Muntinlupa | Branch 203 to 207, 256, 276 | Muntinlupa |
Valenzuela | Branch 75, 171 to 172, 269, 270, 282 to 285 | Valenzuela |
Taguig | Branch 15-FC, 69 to 70, 153, 163, 266 to 267, 271 | Taguig |
San Juan | Branch 14-FC | San Juan |
Navotas | Branch 9-FC, 286 to 288 | Navotas |
Province | Branches | Location |
---|---|---|
Abra | Branch 1 to 2 | Bangued |
Abra | Branch 58 | Bucay |
Benguet | Branch 3 to 7, 59 to 61 | Baguio |
Benguet | Branch 8 to 10, 62 to 63 | La Trinidad |
Benguet | Branch 64 | Buguias |
Ilocos Norte | Branch 11 to 16, 65 | Laoag |
Ilocos Norte | Branch 17 to 18 | Batac |
Ilocos Norte | Branch 19 | Bangui |
Ilocos Sur | Branch 20 to 21 | Vigan |
Ilocos Sur | Branch 22, 72 | Narvacan |
Ilocos Sur | Branch 23, 71 | Candon |
Ilocos Sur | Branch 24 | Cabugao |
Ilocos Sur | Branch 25 | Tagudin |
La Union | Branch 26 to 30, 66 | San Fernando |
La Union | Branch 31 to 32 | Agoo |
La Union | Branch 33, 67 | Bauang |
La Union | Branch 34 | Balaoan |
Mountain Province | Branch 35 to 36 | Bontoc |
Pangasinan | Branch 37 to 39, 68 to 69 | Lingayen |
Pangasinan | Branch 40 to 44 | Dagupan |
Pangasinan | Branch 45 to 49 | Urdaneta |
Pangasinan | Branch 50 | Villasis |
Pangasinan | Branch 51 to 52 | Tayug |
Pangasinan | Branch 53 | Rosales |
Pangasinan | Branch 54 to 55 | Alaminos |
Pangasinan | Branch 56 to 57 | San Carlos |
Pangasinan | Branch 70 | Burgos |
Province | Branches | Location |
---|---|---|
Cagayan | Branch 1 to 5 | Tuguegarao |
Cagayan | Branch 6 to 10 | Aparri |
Cagayan | Branch 11 | Tuao |
Cagayan | Branch 12 | Sanchez-Mira |
Cagayan | Branch 33 | Ballesteros |
Batanes | Branch 13 | Basco |
Ifugao | Branch 14 | Lagawe |
Ifugao | Branch 15 | Alfonso Lista |
Ifugao | Branch 34 | Banaue |
Isabela | Branch 16 to 18 | Ilagan |
Isabela | Branch 19 to 20, 40 | Cauayan |
Isabela | Branch 21, 35 to 36 | Santiago |
Isabela | Branch 22 | Cabagan |
Isabela | Branch 23 | Roxas |
Isabela | Branch 24 | Echague |
Kalinga | Branch 25 | Tabuk |
Apayao | Branch 26 | Luna |
Nueva Vizcaya | Branch 27 to 29 | Bayombong |
Nueva Vizcaya | Branch 30, 37 | Bambang |
Quirino | Branch 31 to 32 | Cabarroguis |
Quirino | Branch 38 | Maddela |
Province | Branches [6] | Location |
---|---|---|
Aurora | Branch 90 to 91, 1-FC | Baler |
Aurora | Branch 101 | Casiguran |
Bataan | Branch 1 to 3, 92 to 93, 2-FC | Balanga |
Bataan | Branch 4, 94 to 95, 3-FC | Mariveles |
Bataan | Branch 5, 96 | Dinalupihan |
Bulacan | Branch 6 to 22, 76 to 85, 102 to 104, 4-FC | Malolos |
Bulacan | Branch 120, 05-FC | San José del Monte |
Bulacan | Branch 121 | Meycauayan |
Bulacan | Branch 06-FC | Santa Maria |
Nueva Ecija | Branch 23 to 30, 86 | Cabanatuan |
Nueva Ecija | Branch 31 to 33 | Guimba |
Nueva Ecija | Branch 34 to 36, 87 | Gapan |
Nueva Ecija | Branch 37, 88 to 89 | Santo Domingo |
Nueva Ecija | Branch 38 to 39 | San Jose |
Nueva Ecija | Branch 40 | Palayan |
Pampanga | Branch 41 to 48 | San Fernando |
Pampanga | Branch 49 to 53 | Guagua |
Pampanga | Branch 54 to 55 | Macabebe |
Pampanga | Branch 56 to 62 | Angeles City |
Tarlac | Branch 63 to 65 | Tarlac City |
Tarlac | Branch 66 | Capas |
Tarlac | Branch 67 | Paniqui |
Tarlac | Branch 68 | Camiling |
Zambales | Branch 69 to 71 | Iba |
Zambales | Branch 72 to 75 | Olongapo |
Province | Branches | Location |
---|---|---|
Batangas | Branch 1 to 4, 7 to 8, 84, 1-FC | Batangas City |
Batangas | Branch 5 | Lemery |
Batangas | Branch 6, 66, 83 | Tanauan |
Batangas | Branch 9 to 11 | Balayan |
Batangas | Branch 12 to 13, 85, 2-FC | Lipa |
Batangas | Branch 14 | Nasugbu |
Batangas | Branch 86 | Taal |
Batangas | Branch 87 | Rosario |
Cavite | Branch 19, 89, 110 to 119 | Bacoor |
Cavite | Branch 109 | Carmona |
Cavite | Branch 16 to 17, 88 | Cavite City |
Cavite | Branch 90, 128 to 129 | Dasmariñas |
Cavite | Branch 20 to 22, 120 to 127, 4-FC | Imus |
Cavite | Branch 15, 132 | Naic |
Cavite | Branch 3, 18, 133 to 136, 3-FC | Tagaytay |
Cavite | Branch 5, 23, 130 to 131, 5-FC | Trece Martires |
Laguna | Branch 24 to 25, 152-157 | Biñan |
Laguna | Branch 26 to 28, 91, 176, 6-FC | Santa Cruz |
Laguna | Branch 29 to 30, 32, 7-FC | San Pablo |
Laguna | Branch 33, 166 | Siniloan |
Laguna | Branch 34 to 37, 92, 103 to 105, 8-FC | Calamba |
Laguna | Branch 31, 93, 169 to 171 | San Pedro |
Laguna | Branch 107 | Los Baños |
Laguna | Branch 108 | Cabuyao |
Laguna | Branch 101 to 102 | Santa Rosa |
Marinduque | Branch 38, 94, 9-FC | Boac |
Occidental Mindoro | Branch 44, 10-FC | Mamburao |
Occidental Mindoro | Branch 45 to 46 | San Jose |
Oriental Mindoro | Branch 39 to 40, 11-FC | Calapan |
Oriental Mindoro | Branch 41 to 42 | Pinamalayan |
Oriental Mindoro | Branch 43 | Roxas |
Oriental Mindoro | Branch 12-FC | Naujan |
Palawan | Branch 47 to 52, 13-FC | Puerto Princesa |
Palawan | Branch 163 | Coron |
Palawan | Branch 165 | Brooke's Point |
Palawan | Branch 95, 164 | Roxas |
Palawan | Branch 14-FC | Taytay |
Quezon | Branch 53 to 60, 167 to 168, 15-FC | Lucena |
Quezon | Branch 61 to 62 | Gumaca |
Quezon | Branch 63 | Calauag |
Quezon | Branch 64 | Mauban |
Quezon | Branch 65 | Infanta |
Quezon | Branch 96 | Catanauan |
Quezon | Branch 16-FC | Sariaya |
Rizal | Branch 67 to 70 | Binangonan |
Rizal | Branch 71 to 74, 97 to 100, 137 to 151, 17-FC | Antipolo |
Rizal | Branch 75 to 77, 174-175 | San Mateo |
Rizal | Branch 78 to 80, 158-161 | Morong |
Romblon | Branch 81, 19-FC | Romblon |
Romblon | Branch 82 | Odiongan |
Romblon | Branch 106 | Cajidiocan |
Province | Branches | Location |
---|---|---|
Albay | Branch 1 to 10 | Legazpi |
Albay | Branch 11 to 14 | Ligao |
Albay | Branch 15 to 18 | Tabaco |
Camarines Norte | Branch 38 to 41 | Daet |
Camarines Norte | Branch 64 | Labo |
Camarines Sur | Branch 19 to 28, 61 to 62 | Naga |
Camarines Sur | Branch 29, 56 to 57 | Libmanan |
Camarines Sur | Branch 31 to 33 | Pili |
Camarines Sur | Branch 34 to 37 | Iriga |
Camarines Sur | Branch 30 | San Jose |
Camarines Sur | Branch 58 | Tigaon |
Camarines Sur | Branch 63 | Calabanga |
Catanduanes | Branch 42 to 43 | Virac |
Masbate | Branch 44 to 48 | Masbate City |
Masbate | Branch 49 | Cataingan |
Masbate | Branch 50 | San Jacinto |
Sorsogon | Branch 51 to 53 | Sorsogon City |
Sorsogon | Branch 54 | Gubat |
Sorsogon | Branch 55 | Irosin |
Sorsogon | Branch 65 | Bulan |
Province | Branches | Location |
---|---|---|
Aklan | Branch 1 to 9 | Kalibo |
Antique | Branch 10 to 12 | San Jose |
Antique | Branch 13 | Culasi |
Antique | Branch 64 | Bugasong |
Capiz | Branch 14 to 19 | Roxas City |
Capiz | Branch 20 to 21 | Mambusao |
Iloilo | Branch 22 to 39 | Iloilo City |
Iloilo | Branch 66 | Barotac Nuevo |
Iloilo | Branch 67 | Guimbal |
Iloilo | Branch 68 | Dumangas |
Guimaras | Branch 65 | Jordan |
Negros Occidental | Branch 40, 69 | Silay |
Negros Occidental | Branch 41 to 54 | Bacolod |
Negros Occidental | Branch 55 to 56 | Himamlayan |
Negros Occidental | Branch 57 to 59 | San Carlos |
Negros Occidental | Branch 60 | Cadiz |
Negros Occidental | Branch 61 | Kabankalan |
Negros Occidental | Branch 62 | Bago |
Negros Occidental | Branch 63 | La Carlota |
Province | Branches | Location |
---|---|---|
Bohol | Branch 1 to 4, 47 to 49 | Tagbilaran |
Bohol | Branch 50 | Loay |
Bohol | Branch 51 | Carmen |
Bohol | Branch 52 | Talibon |
Cebu | Branch 5 to 24, 57 to 58 | Cebu City |
Cebu | Branch 25 | Danao |
Cebu | Branch 26 | Argao |
Cebu | Branch 27, 53 to 54 | Lapu-Lapu City |
Cebu | Branch 28, 55 to 56 | Mandaue |
Cebu | Branch 29, 59 | Toledo |
Cebu | Branch 60 | Barili |
Cebu | Branch 61 | Bogo |
Cebu | Branch 62 | Oslob |
Cebu | Branch 65 to 66 | Talisay |
Negros Oriental | Branch 30 to 42, 44 | Dumaguete |
Negros Oriental | Branch 43 | Tanjay |
Negros Oriental | Branch 45 | Bais |
Negros Oriental | Branch 63 | Bayawan |
Negros Oriental | Branch 64 | Guihulngan |
Siquijor | Branch 46 | Larena |
Province | Branches | Location |
---|---|---|
Biliran | Branch 16 | Naval |
Biliran | Branch 37 | Caibiran |
Eastern Samar | Branch 1 to 2 | Borongan |
Eastern Samar | Branch 3 | Guiuan |
Eastern Samar | Branch 4 | Dolores |
Eastern Samar | Branch 5 | Oras |
Eastern Samar | Branch 42 | Balangiga |
Leyte | Branch 6 to 9, 34, 43 to 44 | Tacloban |
Leyte | Branch 10 | Abuyog |
Leyte | Branch 11 | Calubian |
Leyte | Branch 12, 35 | Ormoc |
Leyte | Branch 13, 36 | Carigara |
Leyte | Branch 14 | Baybay |
Leyte | Branch 15 | Burauen |
Leyte | Branch 17 | Palompon |
Leyte | Branch 18 | Hilongos |
Northern Samar | Branch 19 to 21 | Catarman |
Northern Samar | Branch 23 | Allen |
Northern Samar | Branch 38 | Gamay |
Samar | Branch 27 to 29 | Catbalogan |
Samar | Branch 30 | Basey |
Samar | Branch 31 to 32 | Calbayog |
Samar | Branch 33 | Calbiga |
Samar | Branch 40 | Tarangnan |
Samar | Branch 41 | Gandara |
Province | Branches | Location |
---|---|---|
Basilan | Branch 1 to 2 | Isabela |
Sulu | Branch 3 | Jolo |
Sulu | Branch 4 | Parang |
Sulu | Branch 25 | Siasi |
Tawi-Tawi | Branch 5 | Bongao |
Tawi-Tawi | Branch 26 | Sapa-Sapa |
Zamboanga del Norte | Branch 6 to 10 | Dipolog |
Zamboanga del Norte | Branch 11 | Sindangan |
Zamboanga del Norte | Branch 27 | Siocon |
Zamboanga del Norte | Branch 28 | Liloy |
Zamboanga del Sur | Branch 12 to 17 | Zamboanga City |
Zamboanga del Sur | Branch 18 to 22 | Pagadian |
Zamboanga del Sur | Branch 23 | Molave |
Zamboanga del Sur | Branch 29 | San Miguel |
Zamboanga del Sur | Branch 30 | Aurora |
Zamboanga Sibugay | Branch 24 | Ipil |
Zamboanga Sibugay | Branch 31 | Imelda |
Province | Branches | Location |
---|---|---|
Agusan del Norte | Branch 1 to 5, 33 | Butuan |
Agusan del Norte | Branch 34 | Cabadbaran |
Agusan del Sur | Branch 6 | Prosperidad |
Agusan del Sur | Branch 7 | Bayugan |
Bukidnon | Branch 8 to 10 | Malaybalay |
Bukidnon | Branch 11 | Manolo Fortich |
Camiguin | Branch 28 | Mambajao |
Misamis Occidental | Branch 12 to 14 | Oroquieta |
Misamis Occidental | Branch 15, 35 | Ozamiz |
Misamis Occidental | Branch 16 | Tangub |
Misamis Occidental | Branch 36 | Calamba |
Misamis Oriental | Branch 17 to 25, 37 to 41 | Cagayan de Oro |
Misamis Oriental | Branch 26, 42 | Medina |
Misamis Oriental | Branch 27, 43 | Gingoog |
Misamis Oriental | Branch 44 | Initao |
Surigao del Norte | Branch 29 to 30 | Surigao City |
Surigao del Norte | Branch 31 | Dapa |
Surigao del Norte | Branch 32 | Dinagat |
Province | Branches | Location |
---|---|---|
Davao del Norte | Branch 1 to 2, 30 to 31 | Tagum |
Davao del Norte | Branch 4, 34, 3-Family Court | Panabo |
Davao de Oro | Branch 3 | Nabunturan |
Davao del Sur | Branch 8 to 17, 33, 52 to 54 | Davao City |
Davao del Sur | Branch 18 to 20 | Digos |
Davao del Sur | Branch 21 | Bansalan |
Davao Oriental | Branch 5 to 6 | Mati |
Davao Oriental | Branch 7 | Baganga |
Davao Oriental | Branch 32 | Lupon |
Sarangani | Branch 38, 47 to 51 | Alabel |
South Cotabato | Branch 22 to 23, 35 to 37 | General Santos |
South Cotabato | Branch 24 to 25, 42 to 43 | Koronadal |
South Cotabato | Branch 26, 44 to 45 | Surallah |
South Cotabato | Branch 39, 62 to 63 | Polomolok |
Surigao del Sur | Branch 27, 40 | Tandag |
Surigao del Sur | Branch 28 | Lianga |
Surigao del Sur | Branch 29 | Bislig |
Surigao del Sur | Branch 41 | Cantilan |
Province | Branches | Location |
---|---|---|
Cotabato | Branch 16, 22 | Kabacan |
Cotabato | Branch 17, 23 | Kidapawan |
Cotabato | Branch 18, 24 | Midsayap |
Lanao del Norte | Branch 1 to 6 | Iligan |
Lanao del Norte | Branch 7 | Tubod |
Lanao del Norte | Branch 21 | Kapatagan |
Lanao del Sur | Branch 8 to 10 | Marawi |
Lanao del Sur | Branch 11 to 12 | Malabang |
Lanao del Sur | Branch 26 | Wao |
Maguindanao del Norte | Branch 13 to 14 | Cotabato City |
Maguindanao del Sur | Branch 15 | Shariff Aguak |
Sultan Kudarat | Branch 19 | Isulan |
Sultan Kudarat | Branch 20 | Tacurong |
Sultan Kudarat | Branch 25 | Kalamansig |
Article Three of the United States Constitution establishes the judicial branch of the U.S. federal government. Under Article Three, the judicial branch consists of the Supreme Court of the United States, as well as lower courts created by Congress. Article Three empowers the courts to handle cases or controversies arising under federal law, as well as other enumerated areas. Article Three also defines treason.
A county court is a court based in or with a jurisdiction covering one or more counties, which are administrative divisions within a country, not to be confused with the medieval system of county courts held by the high sheriff of each county.
Filipino is a language under the Austronesian language family. It is the national language of the Philippines, and one of the two official languages of the country, with English. It is a standardized variety of Tagalog based on the native dialect, spoken and written, in Metro Manila, the National Capital Region, and in other urban centers of the archipelago. The 1987 Constitution mandates that Filipino be further enriched and developed by the other languages of the Philippines.
The term magistrate is used in a variety of systems of governments and laws to refer to a civilian officer who administers the law. In ancient Rome, a magistratus was one of the highest ranking government officers, and possessed both judicial and executive powers. In other parts of the world, such as China, magistrate is a word applied to a person responsible for administration over a particular geographic area. Today, in some jurisdictions, a magistrate is a judicial officer who hears cases in a lower court, and typically deals with more minor or preliminary matters. In other jurisdictions, magistrates are typically trained volunteers appointed to deal with criminal and civil matters in their local areas.
A sheriff court is the principal local civil and criminal court in Scotland, with exclusive jurisdiction over all civil cases with a monetary value up to £100,000, and with the jurisdiction to hear any criminal case except treason, murder, and rape, which are in the exclusive jurisdiction of the High Court of Justiciary. Though the sheriff courts have concurrent jurisdiction with the High Court over armed robbery, drug trafficking, and sexual offences involving children, the vast majority of these cases are heard by the High Court. Each court serves a sheriff court district within one of the six sheriffdoms of Scotland. Each sheriff court is presided over by a sheriff, who is a legally qualified judge, and part of the judiciary of Scotland.
The Supreme Court (Filipino: Kataas-taasang Hukuman; colloquially referred to as the Korte Suprema, is the highest court in the Philippines. The Supreme Court was established by the Second Philippine Commission on June 11, 1901 through the enactment of its Act No. 136, an Act which abolished the Real Audiencia de Manila, the predecessor of the Supreme Court.
The structure of the judiciary of Texas is laid out in Article 5 of the Constitution of Texas and is further defined by statute, in particular the Texas Government Code and Texas Probate Code. The structure is complex, featuring many layers of courts, numerous instances of overlapping jurisdiction, several differences between counties, as well as an unusual bifurcated appellate system at the top level found in only one other state: Oklahoma. Municipal Courts are the most active courts, with County Courts and District Courts handling most other cases and often sharing the same courthouse.
The Oklahoma Court on the Judiciary is one of the two independent courts in the Oklahoma judiciary and has exclusive jurisdiction in adjudicating discipline and hearing cases involving the removal of a judge from office, excluding the Oklahoma Supreme Court, exercising judicial power under the Oklahoma Constitution.
The Supreme Court is the highest court in the Kingdom of Spain. Originally established pursuant to Title V of the Constitution of 1812 to replace —in all matters that affected justice— the System of Councils, and currently regulated by Title VI of the Constitution of 1978, it has original jurisdiction over cases against high-ranking officials of the Kingdom and over cases regarding illegalization of political parties. It also has ultimate appellate jurisdiction over all cases. The Court has the power of judicial review, except for the judicial revision on constitutional matters, reserved to the Constitutional Court.
The Sandiganbayan is a special appellate collegial court in the Philippines that has jurisdiction over criminal and civil cases involving graft and corrupt practices and other offenses committed by public officers and employees, including those in government-owned and controlled corporations. The special court was established by Presidential Decree No. 1486. It was subsequently modified by Presidential Decree No. 1606 and by Republic Acts 7975, 8249 and 10660. It is equal in rank to the Court of Appeals, and consists of fourteen Associate Justices and one Presiding Justice. The Office of the Ombudsman owns exclusive authority to bring cases to the Sandiganbayan.
Codification of laws is a common practice in the Philippines. Many general areas of substantive law, such as criminal law, civil law and labor law are governed by legal codes.
Barangay elections were held for the first time in the country's 42,000 barangays for the positions of barangay captains and six councilors on May 17, 1982 following the Batas Pambansa Blg. 222 or the Barangay Election Act of 1982.
The police tribunal is the traffic court and trial court which tries minor contraventions in the judicial system of Belgium. It is the lowest Belgian court with criminal jurisdiction. There is a police tribunal for each judicial arrondissement ("district"), except for Brussels-Halle-Vilvoorde, where there are multiple police tribunals due to the area's sensitive linguistic situation. Most of them hear cases in multiple seats per arrondissement. As of 2018, there are 15 police tribunals in total, who hear cases in 38 seats. Further below, an overview is provided of all seats of the police tribunal per judicial arrondissement.
The Judiciary of Vermont is the state court system of Vermont, charged with Vermont law.
The Real Audiencia of Manila was the Real Audiencia of the Spanish East Indies, which included modern-day Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, Micronesia and the Philippines. Similar to Real Audiencias throughout the Spanish Empire, it was the highest tribunal within the territories of the Captaincy General of the Philippines, a dependency of the Viceroyalty of New Spain.
The Circuit Courts of Maryland are the state trial courts of general jurisdiction in Maryland. They are Maryland's highest courts of record exercising original jurisdiction at law and in equity in all civil and criminal matters, and have such additional powers and jurisdiction as conferred by the Maryland Constitution of 1867 as amended, or by law. The Circuit Courts also preside over divorce and most family law matters. Probate and estate matters are handled by a separate Orphans' Court. The Circuit Courts are the only Maryland state courts empowered to conduct jury trials.
The Marshall Court (1801–1835) heard forty-one criminal law cases, slightly more than one per year. Among such cases are United States v. Simms (1803), United States v. More (1805), Ex parte Bollman (1807), United States v. Hudson (1812), Cohens v. Virginia (1821), United States v. Perez (1824), Worcester v. Georgia (1832), and United States v. Wilson (1833).
United States v. More, 7 U.S. 159 (1805), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that it had no jurisdiction to hear appeals from criminal cases in the circuit courts by writs of error. Relying on the Exceptions Clause, More held that Congress's enumerated grants of appellate jurisdiction to the Court operated as an exercise of Congress's power to eliminate all other forms of appellate jurisdiction.
The judiciary of the Philippines consists of the Supreme Court, which is established in the Constitution, and three levels of lower courts, which are established through law by the Congress of the Philippines. The Supreme Court has expansive powers, able to overrule political and administrative decisions, and with the ability to craft rules and law without precedent. It further determines the rules of procedure for lower courts, and its members sit on electoral tribunals.
The Supreme Court of the United States has original jurisdiction in a small class of cases described in Article III, section 2, of the United States Constitution and further delineated by statute.